Coop

Co-op at
Centennial
Your guide to co-op

education and
future employment
5th Edition
Cooperative Education and Employment Resources

Co-op at Centennial: Your Guide to Co-op Education and Future Employment, 5th Edition
Dec. 2009
Produced by the Co-operative Education and Employment Resources Department of Centennial

College
P.O. Box 631, Station A, Toronto, Ontario Canada M1K 5E9
Telephone: 416-289-5000 ext. 2524
Email: cooped@centennialcollege.ca
Web Site: www.centennialcollege.ca/coop
No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a
database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of Centennial College.
This guide includes a number of links to various online employment education resources and job
posting Web sites which were valid at the time of printing. Since links are often modified, we invite
our readers to consult our online version of Co-op at Centennial for the latest URL updates. Our online
guide can be accessed at www.centennialcollege.ca/coop.
Forward
Welcome To Co-op At Centennial College
Today is the first day of the rest of your life. If you work hard and enjoy
the effort, success and satisfaction are sure to follow.
When you leave the classroom setting and enter the work world, it is
sometimes difficult to adjust to meeting the demands of your supervisors
and co-workers.
We, in the Co-op office, will assist you with this transition and help you to
become both a successful and productive employee. However, the scope
and depth of your learning will vary with your own commitment.
Good luck and we look forward to an enjoyable three years.
- Kathleen Winningham
Manager, Cooperative Education and Employment Resources
How This Book Is Organized
This book is the required text for COOP221 - Employment Preplacement,

the course every co-op student must take in preparation for their first work
term. It contains information on procedures and processes which co-op
students need to know. Two chapters are devoted solely to co-op (Co-op
at Centennial, The Work Term Report) while other chapters will be useful
to you both as a co-op student and later on as a graduate searching for
your first permanent job.
We hope that you will find this book useful, not just as a tool to help
you succeed in COOP221, but also as an essential job search guide which
leads you to employment now and in the future.
Centennial College, Cooperative Education and Employment Resources

Table of Contents
Co-opAt Centennial ....................................................................................... 1
Why Choose Co-op? ............................................................................................................... 3
Who Will Find Me a Job? ........................................................................................................ 3
ATeam Effort .......................................................................................................................... 4
The Steps in the Process - What You Need to Do ..................................................................... 5
How toApply to Co-op Jobs .................................................................................................... 7
Policies - The Rules of the Game ............................................................................................. 7
Your QuestionsAnswered ..................................................................................................... 10
AFew Interesting LinksAbout Co-op ................................................................................... 12
Your First Step: Who Am I ? ......................................................................... 13

Some Questions to Consider ................................................................................................. 15
DevelopYour Skills Inventory .............................................................................................. 16
AFew Interesting LinksAbout SelfAssessment ................................................................... 17
What Are Employers Looking For? ..................................................................................... 17
Cultural Competence - Skills for a Globalized Workplace .................................................... 18
Get Informed: Research! Research! Research! ............................................ 19

Some ThingsYou Need to Know ........................................................................................... 21
Sources .................................................................................................................................. 21
Using the Internet as Your Source for Research..................................................................... 22
Informational Interviews ...................................................................................................... 23
AFew Interesting LinksAbout Informational Interviews ..................................................... 25
AFew Interesting LinksAbout Salary Information ...............................................................25
Market Yourself: The Tools You Need .......................................................... 27

The Resume .......................................................................................................................... 29
What to Include ..................................................................................................................... 29
Possible Resume Headings ................................................................................................... 31
Focus on Transferable Skills ................................................................................................. 32
ResumeVerbs ........................................................................................................................ 33
Which Format to Use ............................................................................................................ 34
Other ResumeTips ................................................................................................................ 35
vi
AFew Interesting LinksAbout Resumes .............................................................................. 35
Sample Combination Resume ............................................................................................... 36
Sample Functional Resume ................................................................................................... 38
Sample Chronological Resume ............................................................................................. 40
Electronic and Scannable Resumes ....................................................................................... 42
Electronic or Scannable Resume - What’s the Difference? ................................................... 42
How to Prepare an E-Resume ................................................................................................ 42
SendingYour E-Resume ....................................................................................................... 44
When to Use an Electronic Resume ...................................................................................... 45
AFew Interesting LinksAbout Electronic Resumes ............................................................. 45
Sample Plain Text Resume with Keyword Summary ............................................................ 46
The Cover Letter ................................................................................................................... 47
AFew Interesting LinksAbout Cover Letters ....................................................................... 48
Sample Cover Letter ............................................................................................................. 49
The Portfolio ......................................................................................................................... 50

Your Job Search Strategy: Looking For Work .............................................. 51
WhereAre the Jobs? .............................................................................................................. 53
TheAdvertised Job Market ................................................................................................... 53
Enhancing Your Chances in the Advertised Job Market ........................................................ 54
Don’t Stop There! Beyond Job Postings ................................................................................ 54
The Hidden Job Market ......................................................................................................... 54
Networking ........................................................................................................................... 55
Researching Potential Openings ........................................................................................... 57
Targeted Mailing Campaigns ................................................................................................ 58
Sample Networking Cover Letter ......................................................................................... 60
Cold Calling -Yes, In Person! ............................................................................................... 61
Why a Calling Card? ............................................................................................................. 61
Telephone Campaigns ........................................................................................................... 62
A Few Interesting Links About Job Search Strategies ........................................................... 64
Online Job Search: Using The Internet ......................................................... 65

The Online Job Search .......................................................................................................... 67
Researching Online ............................................................................................................... 67
Finding Jobs Online .............................................................................................................. 68
CompanyWebsites ................................................................................................................ 68
Job Posting and Resume Database Web Sites ........................................................................ 69
A Few Interesting Links About Job Posting and Resume Databases ..................................... 69
Online Classifieds, Newsgroups, Mailing Lists and Web Forums ......................................... 70
Online Networking ............................................................................................................... 71
Think Before you Post: Don’t Jeopardize your Job Search.....................................................74
Don’t Get Caught In CyberSpace! ......................................................................................... 74
vii
Get the Job: The Interview ............................................................................ 75
Great News - You Have an Interview! ................................................................................... 77
Be Prepared ........................................................................................................................... 77
Your Interview Kit ...What to Take With You ........................................................................ 78
First Impressions Count ........................................................................................................ 79
Telephone Interviews ............................................................................................................ 79
“Tell MeAboutYourself” ...................................................................................................... 80
The Behavioural Based Interview ......................................................................................... 81
“WhatAreYourWeaknesses?” ............................................................................................. 82
Other QuestionsYou May BeAsked ..................................................................................... 82
They Can’tAskThat, CanThey? ........................................................................................... 83
Accommodation ................................................................................................................... 84
Testing ................................................................................................................................... 84
“Do You HaveAny Questions For Us?” ................................................................................ 86
ClosingThe Deal ................................................................................................................... 86
AWordAbout References ..................................................................................................... 87
AFew Interesting LinksAbout Interviews ............................................................................ 87
Interview Follow Up: The ThankYou Letter ......................................................................... 88
The Job Offer ......................................................................................................................... 89
Making Rejection a Positive Experience ............................................................................... 90
On-The-Job Success ..................................................................................... 91

Tips for Success ..................................................................................................................... 93
You Need anAttitudeAdjustment! ........................................................................................ 94
Email Etiquette ...................................................................................................................... 95
Staying Connected - Social Networking ............................................................................... 96
Diversity and Global Citizenship at Work ............................................................................. 98
Learning Objectives .............................................................................................................. 99
How to Set Objectives ........................................................................................................... 99
Objectives are SMART....................................................................................................... 100
Make Learning Objectives Work on the Job ........................................................................ 100
Employer Expectations ....................................................................................................... 101
Meeting Expectations ......................................................................................................... 101
Performance Evaluations .................................................................................................... 101
You Have ExpectationsToo! ............................................................................................... 104
AFew Interesting LinksAbout On-The-Job Success .......................................................... 104
The Work Term Report ............................................................................... 105

The Purpose of the Work Term Report ................................................................................ 107
Selecting theTopic .............................................................................................................. 107
Confidential Reports ........................................................................................................... 107
Components of the Work Term Report ................................................................................ 108
Evaluation and Grading ....................................................................................................... 110
viii
SampleWorkTerm Report ...................................................................................................112
Work Report Evaluation Forms ........................................................................................... 119

Summary: ThingsTo Remember ................................................................ 121

Co-op at
Centennial
Your guide to co-op

education and
future employment
Co-op At Centennial
Why Choose Co-op?
Co-op education has proven to be an excellent system for career
education. What will you get out of it? It provides you with the
opportunity to:
The Basics
· Apply classroom theory in the workplace
· Obtain experience in your chosen field or assist you in making your
career choice before you graduate
· Identify on-the-job strengths and weaknesses to be reinforced or
remedied before full-time employment
· Learn to work with others
· “Earn while you learn”
Successful completion of a Co-op Education program enables you to be

very marketable upon graduation. In fact, the program gives you a head
start in obtaining a job (a high percentage of graduates actually accept
full-time positions with a previous co-op employer).
Who Will Find Me A Job?

Co-op Administrators work closely with a wide variety of companies to
expand the College’s ties with industry and develop jobs for our co-op
students. However, the Co-op Education Department does NOT guarantee
that any individual student will be placed. It is up to each student
The Basics
to do everything possible to ensure a workplacement either through a
competition for jobs made available by the Co-op Department or through
jobs found on your own.
In addition to applying to the jobs posted by the Co-op Department, you

should use the job search tips found in this book to assist you in searching
for a job on your own.

4
A Team Effort
Once accepted into the Co-op program, both you and the Co-op
Administrators have key roles to play in the Co-op process. It is a team
Star Move effort and as such, any winning team must have:
· Constant two-way communication

· Commitment
· “Best effort” output
· Adherence to policy - PLAY BY THE RULES
Responsibilities of Co-op Administrators

· Provide in-class direction to prepare you for interviews and the
expectations of the workplace
· Seek out and obtain jobs applicable to the specific disciplines
· Provide individual counselling and assistance, if necessary
· Visit students on the job and be available on campus to discuss any of
your questions or concerns
Responsibilities of Students
· Apply only to jobs that you are interested in and which are in locations
that you can get to, however, be as flexible as possible to increase your
options and chances of finding employment (remember the co-op posi
tion is not permanent and is meant to introduce you to your field)
· Actively apply to the jobs posted on PlacePro and conduct your own job
search; those students who are active are the ones who get the jobs!
· Begin your job search early - a number of our best employers post jobs
early in the semester
· Attend all scheduled interviews (reschedule any interview that conflicts
with an exam in advance)
· Accept the position that is offered to you (you have the option to refuse
one job offer within 48 hours of the offer being made)
· Conduct yourself in a professional manner during interviews and at your
place of work
· Attend all appointments with Co-op Administrators (Unplaced
Interviews, Back to Campus Interviews - see The Steps in the Process)
· Fulfill both work term and academic requirements
· Communicate any problems or concerns to Co-op Administrators before
any action is taken
Co-op is a team effort - make sure you hold up your end

Remember
Co-op at Centennial: Your Guide to Co-op Eduation and Future Employment
5
The Steps In The Process - What You Need To Do
The co-op process is not difficult. However there are a number of steps
in the process. Make yourself familiar with the process and be aware of
what you are responsible for.
Action
Before Your Co-op Work Term
· Complete the Co-op Application form (this form will be given to you
in the first class of the Co-op course or you may obtain a form at the
Co-op office
· Prepare your resume using the suggestions provided by your Co-op
instructor. Leave one copy of your final draft with the Co-op office.
· Order a copy of your transcript in case employers require it as part of
your application
· Apply to as many job postings as you wish by submitting copies of your
resume, following the application process (see page 7).
· Your resume, along with those of other co-op students who have
applied to the job, will be sent to employers for selection of candidates
for interview (there is NO guarantee that you will be selected for an
interview).
· Interview schedules will be posted once the employer selects candidates.
· If you have been selected for an interview contact the Co-op office to
schedule a time.
· Attend all interviews scheduled for you.
· At the completion of the interview, employers let the Co-op office know
of their choice.
· If you are offered a position you have the option to accept or decline
within 48 hours. This applies only to the first job offer - students
may only decline one position per semester. You are expected to accept
the second offer.
· You will be asked to sign a letter of acceptance which is sent to the
employer.
· You should contact your co-op employer to confirm your start date and
work hours. Work terms typically start at the beginning of the following
semester.
· If you have found a job on your own, obtain a letter from your employer,
on company letterhead, stating your job description, start and end dates,
work hours and supervisor’s name. Take this letter to the Co-op office so
that we can approve your job as a Co-op work term.
· If you have not been placed after three months into the semester, you will
be scheduled to attend an Unplaced Interview with a Co-op
Administrator. Information gathered during this interview is important
for your success in finding a work term.
6
During Your Co-op Work Term
· As part of your work term requirements you must complete a work term
report (see page 107) and you must have your employer evaluate your
performance (see page 101).
After Your Work Term

· After your work term you will resume your studies on campus.
· Check your email messages or the Co-op bulletin board for the
scheduled time of your Back-To-Campus Interview with your Co-op
Administrator. It is very important that you attend this interview to
discuss your plans for your next co-op work term and your current status
with your previous co-op employer.
· Submit your work term report (see page 107) to the Co-op Department
on or before the required due date (normally one week after the first
day of classes).
· Ensure your employer completes the Performance Evaluation (see page
101) and submits it to the Co-op office.
· Final grades for your work terms are calculated based on 60% from
your employer’s evaluation of your performance and 40% from the work
term report. You will initially receive a GNR (Grade Not Recorded) on
your transcript until the Performance Evaluation has been received from
the employer and the work term report has been marked. Your final work
term grade will be updated at the end of the academic semester following
the work term.
Co-op is learning by doing
Learning...
About life,
how to learn about others,
about careers,
about oneself,
Remember to be responsible
to think independently,
to plan...and
to follow through.

7
How To Apply To Co-op Jobs
· Co-op positions are posted on PlacePro, our co-op student information
system, beginning about one month after the start of the academic term.
New postings continue throughout your academic term.
Action · You view the available positions and apply online to jobs for the
upcoming work term using PlacePro.
· You are “released” to view and apply to jobs shortly after you enroll
in COOP 221 (the Employment Preplacement course) or after each work
term when you attend your Back-To-Campus interview with your Co-op
Administrator.
· Detailed instructions for registering on PlacePro, verifying your personal
data, uploading your resume, and viewing and applying to jobs are
provided in the PlacePro Student User Guide which can be found on the
Co-op departmental website. Please read these instructions carefully.
· Job postings expire every two or three days (please note the deadline date
and time). It is important that you check on a regular basis (i.e. every
other day) for new postings.
· Employer interview schedules are posted as they are received from
the employer. If you have been selected for an interview you must
contact the Co-op Department to schedule your interview time. YOU
ARE EXPECTED TO ATTEND ALL SCHEDULED INTERVIEWS.
ANY INTERVIEW TIMES THAT CONFLICT WITH EXAMS/TESTS
SHOULD BE RESOLVED IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE CO-OP
DEPARTMENT.
· If you are offered a position, you have 48 hours to accept or decline. You
may only decline one job offer per semester.
To increase your chances of getting a placement you should

look for jobs on your own as well.
Remember
Policies - The Rules Of The Game

First and foremost we would like to encourage all students to keep an
open line of communication with the Co-op Administrators. We want to
assist you with your concerns about any co-op position (i.e. location,
salary, family commitments, etc). We would encourage these discussions
to happen before the interview, so that timely solutions for the student and
good employer relations can be maintained.
Each student concern is reviewed on an individual basis. Final decisions
Star Move are made ONLY after discussion with the student.
8
Work Terms Defined
A co-op work term is normally expected to provide four months (16 weeks)
of full-time, paid employment during which the student will be doing
work related to their field of study and be directed and supervised by the
The Basics employer. If unforeseen circumstances arise, the work term must be at least
12 weeks in duration to be eligible to earn a co-op course credit. Students
must complete all three work terms in a sequence on the model route. Entry
into second and third work terms is dependent upon successful completion
of courses and previous work term(s). See Contiuation Standards on page
9. Salaries are market-driven, vary by employer and are reflected in the
salary survey published each year by the Co-op Department.
Normally the Co-op department will not advertise unpaid (volunteer)

co-op positions unless they present a unique opportunity for career devel-
opment. However, if a student arranges an unpaid (volunteer) co-op work
term related to their field of study on their own, it will be accepted for
credit provided other expectations for a co-op work term are met. The vol-
unteer work term must provide full-time employment for four months and
a quality work experience for the student. A student who accepts volunteer
co-op employment for a work term must contact the Co-op Department
immediately to have the work term authorized by the department and to
arrange workplace accident insurance coverage (provided by the Ministry
of Training, Colleges and Universities).
Placement Assistance Conditions
· All students are encouraged to discuss any questions and concerns about
the job postings with a Co-op Administrator before the job deadline or
immediately after the interview.
· However, students must find their own placement and WILL NOT have
placement assistance from the Co-op office for a particular work term if
the following occurs:
· Students miss an interview without adequate reason

· Students do not accept a job offer within 48 hours (students are allowed
to decline one position per semester)
· Students fail to act in a professional manner during the interview process
· Students fail to honour their commitment to a double or subsequent
work term
· Students do not apply to positions advertised by the Co-op Department

9
Job Acceptance Conditions
· When a student has accepted a position with an employer it is the

understanding of all concerned that it is the STUDENT’S
RESPONSIBILITY to complete the work term as agreed.
· If at any time between accepting the employment offer and completing
the work term the student’s situation should change, under no
circumstances should any action be taken until the student confers with
a Co-op Administrator.
· Students may not be allowed to continue in the Co-op program at the
decision of the Manager of the Co-op Education Department if any of
the following occurs:
· A student fails to report to work for a previously confirmed position.
· A student quits a position before discussing the problem with a Co-op
Administrator.
· A student is “let go” by an employer for just cause.
Continuation Standards
As a co-op student you have already completed the requirements to enter

the Co-op program. However, there are more requirements that you must
meet in order to remain in the program, continue going out on work terms
and graduate as a co-op student.
Students will not be allowed to continue to the next co-op work term if
any or all of the following occur:
· Cumulative GPA is less than the program standard.
· More than two courses are being carried forward to the next semester.
· Appropriate prerequisite co-op courses are not completed.
· Student has failed to make the appropriate fee payments.
· Student is on academic probation
Students will not be credited for a particular work term if any of the
following occur:
· Student accepts a position then refuses to honour the commitment before
the start of the work term.
· Student does not submit a work report
Your co-op job works in conjunction with your education,

not one at the expense of the other.
Remember
10
Your Questions Answered
What can I do if I don’t get a co-op job?
If you aren’t placed for a work term you may choose to:
(a) take the term off
(b) accept unrelated work for the four month period OR
(c) return to school to take more courses. However good co-op positions
Research often surface after the start of the work term.
Does a co-op job have to be full-time?

Yes! Usually 35 to 40 hours per week.
Can I find my own job?

Centennial College encourages you to seek your own co-op job. If you
are successful in securing a co-op position using your own contacts the job
must be full-time, provides work related to your major and is paid employ-
ment. In order for the college to approve such a position you will need to
provide the Co-op Department with a job description on company letter-
head that outlines the anticipated job duties, the start and stop dates of the
work term and the supervisor’s name.
Why do I have to pay a co-op fee?

All co-op activities at Centennial including marketing of our programs
to employers, providing personal assistance to students, teaching co-op
preplacement classes and visiting students on-the-job are paid for by co-op
fees.
If I am offered a job, do I have to accept it?

If you are offered a position, you have 48 hours to accept or decline the
offer. However, students may only decline ONE position per semester. If a
student declines more than one offer, he/she will no longer be able to use
the services of the Co-op Department.
What if the job postings are not exactly what I want to do?
We try very hard to get the variety of jobs that students would like, but
we can’t read your minds or guarantee that there are jobs available in
every specific area. A job is what you make it. A student may change the
direction/responsibilities of a job after he/she has acquired it either on the
current or a future work term. Often, the actual job is better than how it
appeared in the job description.
You can help by sourcing jobs in your area of interest. You may think that
you want to work in one area, but part of your career path should allow
you to be flexible to try a variety of tasks. How can you be sure of your
11
specific interest until you’ve tried a few? This is a learning process, as
most of your career will be, and most jobs will provide you with at least
some related experience.
What if a better job comes along later, after I have been placed?
All placements are final. Remember that we have a commitment to the
employer. You must remember that even in the regular interviewing
process (i.e. full-time employment) you never know if a better job will
come up after you have accepted the first one. The idea is the same with
this process. Our aim is to get all students a job in the field they are
studying. To accomplish this, once you have a placement it must be yours
so that we can concentrate on the students still to be placed.
If I don’t like my co-op job what should I do?

Discuss your concerns with your supervisor or call our office.
Why are many jobs far away?

Good co-op jobs exist all around the GTA and beyond. The more willing
and flexible you are to travel or relocate, the more co-op opportunities
will be available to you.
Can I put off my work terms until the end of my program?

No! Co-op work terms should alternate with study.

Do I have to complete all three work terms?
Yes! All work terms must be completed to achieve a co-op diploma unless
special permission is obtained from the Co-op Department.
If my employer wants me to stay on for a double work term can I?

Maybe. School of Business programs allow some flexibility for double
work terms but Engineering Technology programs do not. You should
contact your Co-op Administrator and Faculty Advisor to decide what is
best for you.

Are co-op employers likely to hire co-op graduates?
Yes! Many of our co-op students get hired full-time by their co-op
employer after graduation and employers consider co-op an excellent way
to attract and assess potential future employees.
Is it likely that I will be invited back for my next work term by my

employer?
Yes! If you do a good job, most employers will be happy to have you
return. Both of you will benefit from the added experience you will bring
Remember with you to your next work assignment.
12
Your Co-op Administrators would be happy to discuss any
suggestions or concerns you may have.
Cyber-Search
A Few Interesting Links About Co-op...
www.centennialcollege.ca/coop
www.cafce.ca
www.ewo.ca

Your first
step:
Who am I?
Your First Step:
Who am I?
The first step in a successful job search is a thorough assessment of
yourself - your skills and interests.
Why bother? With this information you will be able to identify and
research opportunities, write an effective resume and cover letter,
The Basics know what you have to offer an employer and handle an interview
with confidence.
Some Questions To Consider:
What is important to me?

diversity/inclusion equity/social justice
Research leadership security
continued learning responsibility
creative activities challenge
helping others money
What are my personality strengths?

enthusiasm honesty
self-confidence initiative
dependability resourcefulness
persistence hardworking
respectful inclusive of others
What kind of work environment do I want?

in an office in an industrial setting
outdoors one that is inclusive/equitable
What type of work do I want?

clerical scientific
creative social service
manual serving the public
technical enterprising
16
Develop Your Skills Inventory
It is important to identify yourself to potential employers in a way that
is relevant to them. Employers want to know what you can do for their
company based on your accomplishments, education and training, work
experience, knowledge and abilities. In other words, why should they hire
Action
you? Integral to all this is knowing what your skills are.
A guide to building a Skills Inventory:
Think about Outcomes:

· Past accomplishments
· What you did, how you did it, why you did it, what the results were,
what you learned
Think about Transferable Skills. These are skills that may have been
developed through your academic background, paid or volunteer work
experience and extra curricular activities. Transferable skills can be used
in any setting:
· Writing · Presentation · Languages
· Communication · Decision-making · Customer service
· Teamwork · Goal setting · Problem solving
· Leadership · Motivating · Time management
· Interpersonal · Cultural knowledge · Organization
A more exhaustive list of transferable skills is available on page 32.
Think about Self-Management Skills (rooted in attitude and behaviour)

such as:
· Honesty · Adaptability · Assertiveness
· Responsibility · Integrity · Ethics
· Initiative · Humour · Self confidence
· Self-aware · Respectful · Value diversity
Think about Specific Work Content Skills (skills related to your field)
such as:
· Computer/software · Baking · Laboratory work
· Accounting · Nursing · Translation
· Waste management · Graphic design · System analysis

17
A Few Interesting Links About Self Assessment…
www.conferenceboard.ca/education/learning-tools/employability-skills.htm
www.quintcareers.com/transferable_skills.html
careerpathsonline.com/employment-options.cfm
www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/document/brochure/youjob/
Cyber-Search www.rileyguide.com/assess.html
assessment.monster.ca/
www.nextsteps.org/career/selfex.html
You have to know who you are and what skills you have to
offer before you can sell yourself to a potential employer.
Remember
What Are Employers Looking For?

So what do employers want? Recent employer surveys conducted by vari-
ous organizations indicate that recruiters seek the following skills, regard-
less of the position or the work environment:
Research Initiative/self-directed and motivated

Interpersonal abilities
Written and verbal communication skills
General competence with microcomputer applications (i.e. word
processing, spreadsheets, etc..)
Teamwork
Organization
Analysis and problem solving/thinking skills
Flexibility and adaptability
Cultural competence (see the following page)
Time management
Accountability
Continuous learning
Find more information on the skills that employers seek at these sites:
www.makingcareersense.org
www15.hrdc-drhc.gc.ca

18
Cultural Competence - Skills for a Globalized Workplace
You know that Canada is a multicultural society made up of a multitude
of cultures, religions, races and belief structures. You’ve also heard about
the increasingly global marketplace with corporations expanding into new
markets around the world and hiring employees from diverse places. Does
this relate to what employers are looking for in their potential employees?
The Basics In fact it does. In the face of this globalization and multiculturalism, cultural
competence is an important skill that many employers are looking for today.
Cultural competence is commonly defined as a set of congruent behaviours,

attitudes and policies that come together in a system, agency or among
professionals (for example in a place of work) and enables that system,
agency or those professionals to work effectively in cross-cultural situa-
tions. Characteristics of employees who can contribute to an organization’s
cultural competence include the ability to effectively operate in different
cultural contexts, adaptability, openness, flexibility, and self-awareness to
assess how their own actions and beliefs affect others. Employers are look-
ing for people who value diversity, support inclusion and equity and who are
knowledgeable of other cultures and cultural dynamics. If you are someone
who has had interaction with people from various backgrounds, be it at
work, school or in your personal life, it is likely that you already have a
solid foundation for cultural competence. Pair that with the Signature Learn-
ing Experience you are obtaining from Centennial College, and you are well
on your way to being prepared to work in a globalized environment.
Be sure to value and promote any international experience and education

you may have. Corporations need to remain relevant and competitive in this
diverse environment. Your knowledge of the business functions, culture or
language of another country may be the key to assisting an employer in
penetrating an international market or targeting a specific customer base.
Your ability to adapt your behaviours when working with people of other
cultures and understanding of the cultural dimensions that motivate others
will go a long way in ensuring that an organization is effective - both
internally among employees and externally with clients and business part-
ners. Think about the way you have interacted with your classmates during
Star Move group projects. Look around the College at the number of ethnicities and
religions represented here, and consider the interplay of respect, flexibility
and inclusion that must occur to ensure a harmonious learning environment.
Remember the principles of global citizenship that were embedded in the
Signature Learning Experience GNED500 course. This is cultural compe-
tence at work. Be sure to market this important skill to potential employers!

Get
informed:
Research! Research! Research!

Get Informed:
Research! Research! Research!
Now that you have completed your self-assessment you probably have a
good idea of which industry or field you are interested in. You now have
to investigate these areas and researching here is key.
The more you know about your industry the more you’ll know about
the options and opportunities out there and how to get them.
The Basics Remember too that you will be expected to know and speak about your
field and the position you are looking for when you meet with employers.
Some Things You Need To Know

· What entry-level positions are available in my field?
· What are the key trends and issues in this field?
· In what direction is the industry headed?
· What are the current events? Important past events? Future events?
Research
· What companies belong to this industry?
· What is the starting salary range and earning potential?
· What skills are needed in this profession or industry?
Sources
There are many places you can look for this information:
· Books and other literature on careers and training programs

· News items, job ads, magazine articles, etc.
· Professional associations
· Library reference section
· Yellow Pages
· Business/trade/professional directories
· Government publications (labour market information, job profiles etc.)
· Your Career Counselling department
· Annual reports, press releases, company brochures, etc.
· Career and job fairs
· Your Alumni Association
22
Using The Internet As Your Source For Research
You will find great online resources at Centennial College’s Learning
Resource Centre (www.lrc.centennialcollege.ca). The following web sites
can also help you with your research.
Industry profiles or professional associations:
ic.gc.ca
Cyber-Search www.careerkey.com/links.htm#top (US site)
www.councils.org
www.amcdirectory.com/contact/associations/index.shtml
www.charityvillage.com/cv/nonpr/profas.asp
Occupational profiles:
www.ontariojobfutures.net
www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/career/descrip.html
www5.hrsdc.gc.ca/NOC/
www.skillsontario.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=
article &id=41&Itemid=55&lang=en
Labour market information:
jobfutures.ca
www.labourmarketinformation.ca/
www.onwin.ca
www.hrsdc.gc.ca/en/on/lmi/llmi.shtml
Lists of companies in your field:
www.yellowpages.ca/searchBusiness.do
strategis.ic.gc.ca/sc_coinf/ccc/engdoc/homepage.html
www.globeinvestor.com/series/top1000
Company web site identification through various search engines:
www.google.ca
www.yahoo.ca
www.sympatico.ca
ca.msn.com
Company profiles and job descriptions on job search web sites:
www.workopoliscampus.com
company.monster.ca
www.workopolis.com
Articles, press releases and annual reports on specific companies:
www.marketwire.com
www.newswire.ca
globeinvestor.ar.wilink.com
canadianbusiness.com

23
Informational Interviews
Sometimes the best information comes first-hand. This means having an
informal meeting with an individual who works in your field to talk to
them about their job and the industry in general. This could include
friends, relatives, teachers, former employers or co-workers, members of
The Basics social groups and people who work for some of the companies that you
have found while researching. You are not expecting these people to give
you a job but to provide you with honest answers to your questions.
Even though the thought of meeting with someone you don’t know well
or do not know at all is a daunting one, informational interviews are
very effective in researching career options and job opportunities. An
informational interview is also your first step to successful networking,
Star Move a skill that is highly valuable to the job search process. It also gives you
direct contact with a potential employer who may remember you when a
position comes up.
What you’ll get out of it:
· First-hand, current information about the industry

· Exposure to people who may be in a position to offer you a job
· Tips on how to break into the field
· Candid opinions about the job or industry
· First-hand observation of the working environment
· Practice networking skills and new contacts
How to do it:
1. Make a list of the people you want to meet with and gather their contact
information. The previous research you have done on specific
companies comes in handy here.
2. Prepare a script introducing yourself, who referred you to them (if
Action anyone), the nature of your call and a request for the interview. Do
not read your script - it is just a guideline. Try to be natural. See pages
63 for sample scripts.
3. Take the list of questions you have prepared with you to the interview
and be prepared to answer questions about yourself and your interest
in the field.
4. You may want to have a copy of your resume with you in case your
contact asks for it. Do not offer it, as you are there for information only,
not to ask for a job.
5. Listen attentively and take notes.
24
6. Ask for the names of anyone else who may be able to assist you in the
same way.
7. Thank the person for his/her time and inquire if you may contact them
in the future.
8. Always follow-up with a thank you letter (see page 88).
If you continue to do this for a period of time not only will you gain crucial
information but you will also build up a good network of contacts for
your future job search and you may just find yourself in the right place
Star Move at the right time.
You will get refusals but try not to be discouraged. Stay positive and
continue your efforts. You will find people who are receptive and
willing to help.
Remember
Sample Informational Interview Questions
· What is the best educational background for this type of position?

Research · How did you get your job? What jobs and experiences have led you to
your present position?
· Can you suggest some ways a student could obtain this necessary
experience?
· What do you like most about your job?
· Can you tell me about a typical day/month?
· What is a typical career path in this field?
· From your perspective, what are the problems you see working in this
field?
· What changes do you see in the future for this particular industry?
· Based on what I have told you about my interests, strengths and
qualifications, do you think this industry would be a good fit for me?
· With the information you have about my education, skills, and
experience, what other fields or jobs would you suggest I research further
before I make a final decision?
· Why did you decide to work for this company?
· What do you like most about this company?
· What can you tell me about the corporate culture?
· How does your company differ from its competitors?

25
Always thank your contacts for any assistance they provide.

Remember that they are taking time out of their busy schedules to
Remember help you.
A Few Interesting Links About Informational

Interviewing…
www.quintcareers.com/informational_interviewing.html
www.jobsetc.ca/content_pieces.jsp?category_id=420&lang=e
Cyber-Search
A Few Interesting Links For Salary Information...

www.canadianbusiness.com
www.salaryexpert.com
www.jobfutures.ca/
salary.monster.ca
www.canadiancareers.com/salary.html
www.labourmarketinformation.ca

26
Notes
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Market
yourself:
The tools you need

Market Yourself:
The Tools You Need
The Resume
What is a resume anyway? Students most often answer, “Well, I guess
it’s a list of my past jobs and education.” In fact it is much more than just
a list of your past jobs.
Your resume is a marketing piece about you. Think of your resume as

an advertisement of your skills. The employer is buying your skills so
ensure that your resume clearly outlines what you can do.
The Basics
In today’s competitive job market employers will compare your resume to
many others to determine who they will interview. On average the initial
resume review is done in 30 seconds. It is therefore important that you
include pertinent information that will be of immediate interest to the
employer.
What To Include
Contact Information
· Include your name, address (permanent and temporary, if necessary),
telephone number(s) and email address.
· If you have designed your own web site, you may include your URL.
Make sure that the content of your web site is professional and error-free.
Action
· Do not include personal data such as social insurance number, age, sex
or marital status.
Career/Job Objective
· This is a brief statement (one or two lines) that indicates the type of
employment/career that you hope to pursue.
· Your objective must be customized to the position that you are seeking.
· It may also be included in your cover letter instead of in your resume.

30
Education and Training
· Include the name of your degree/diploma, the name of the institution, the
location of the institution (city and province only) and the dates attended.
· You may list 4 to 6 applicable courses as well as major projects.
· You may include your Grade Point average (GPA) if desired. Include
any academic successes if possible.
· Include your high school diploma only if you were part of a special
program or activity that demonstrates skills you would like to promote
Experience
· Include permanent, part-time, volunteer and other relevant positions.
· Volunteer positions and co-op or field placements should also be included
if they demonstrate related skills. Unrelated volunteer work may be listed
under a separate heading.
· Include major projects if you have no work experience or would like to
demonstrate the application of the skills you’ve learned at school
· State your job title, date of employment and name and location of your
employer(s).
· Use short phrases to describe achievements, skills and knowledge
obtained in this position.
· Use action verbs and qualify and quantify your achievements wherever
possible, e.g. “Professionally handled 200+ customer service queries on a
daily basis”
Specialized Skills
· Highlight job-related or technical skills, e.g. computer, lab, equipment
· Note foreign language skills.
· Highlight special training e.g. WHMIS, MCSE and other certifications.
Awards and Special Accomplishments

· List all academic awards, special distinctions and noted honors. Provide
an explanation of the award or distinction if it is not self-evident.
· Describe any special accomplishments that were not included in a
previous section.
Activities and Interests (within the last five years)

· List participation in clubs and professional organizations.
· Include volunteer experience unless it is previously mentioned in the
Experience section.
References
· A reference notation such as Available On Request is becoming optional.
· Omitting your reference names on your resume will ensure that your
references will not be bothered with unnecessary phone calls.
31
Possible Resume Headings
There are many possible resume headings. Choose those that make the
most sense for your background and experience.
Career Goal, Career Objective, Employment Objective, Goals, Objective,

Position Desired
Action
Personal Profile, Professional Qualifications, Qualifications, Highlights of
Qualifications, Profile, Summary
Academic Background, Academic Training, Education, Educational

Background, Professional Education, Additional Education, Additional
Training, Other Education, Professional Development, Special Training,
Certifications, Licenses, Courses of Interest, Related Courses, Career
Related Courses, Major Academic Projects
Employment, Experience, Other Employment, Other Experience,

Professional Background, Professional Experience, Related Experience,
Relevant Experience, Work Experience, Internship Experience, Practicum
Experience, Experience Highlights, Field Experience, Summer Work
Experience
Acquired Skills, Additional Skills, Career-Related Skills, Computer Skills,

Computer-Related Skills, Areas of Expertise, Areas of Knowledge,
Special Skill(s), Language Competencies, Language Abilities
Affiliations, Associations, Conferences Attended, Conferences/

Conventions, Memberships, Papers Presented, Presentations, Professional
Associations, Professional Memberships, Publications and Conference
Papers
Special Recognition, Academic Honors, Scholarships and Awards,

Awards, Achievements
Travel Abroad, Studies Abroad, Overseas Travel, Foreign Experience,

International Experience, Overseas Studies, Foreign Studies
Activities, Activities and Interests, Community Involvement, Community

Service, Extracurricular Activities, Interests, Leisure Activities,
Professional and Community Activities, Related Activities, Special
Interests, Volunteer Activities, Volunteer Experience

32
Focus On Transferable Skills
Transferable skills are those that can be taken from job to job and from
industry to industry. When you describe what you’ve done in your past
jobs, instead of speaking about your non-related duties, speak about the
skills you used when carrying out those duties. For example, would an
Star Move employer rather read that you made cappuccinos at the coffee shop or that
you provided friendly and efficient customer service? Likely, you will not
be able to use your expertise with the latte machine as a Junior Account
Manager, nor will the potential employer be interested in this experience.
But your customer service skills will be of utmost importance.
Here are a few more transferable skills for you to think about:
Communication
· Explained and clarified concepts to clients
· Wrote effective correspondence
Think and Solve Problems

· Researched and resolved customer issues and problems
· Read, analyzed and assessed information
· Evaluated situations and took action, thinking critically and acting
logically
Working With Others

· Effectively worked as part of a team
· Contributed ideas and information to the group
· Interacted with people of diverse backgrounds, cultures, abilities and ages
Organization and Management

· Prioritized and handled multiple tasks simultaneously
· Coordinated department work flow
· Planned and organized all aspects of department events
· Ensured timely delivery of projects
Information Management
· Set up and maintained information filing systems
· Maintained internal record keeping systems
· Maintained sales records and prepared reports
Customer Service
· Successfully met customer needs as per organization’s policies
· Established and maintained customer base
· Answered client inquiries and provided information
33
Resume Verbs
When describing your on-the-job accomplishments and skills start each
phrase with a descriptive action verb like the ones below. Do not start
your points with “Duties included” or “Responsible for”.
Star Move
Management Skills
Administered Coordinated Improved Produced
Analyzed Delegated Increased Recommended
Assigned Developed Oversaw Reviewed
Attained Directed Planned Scheduled
Consolidated Evaluated Prioritized Supervised

Research Skills
Clarified Examined Interpreted Reviewed
Collected Identified Interviewed Summarized
Critiqued Inspected Investigated Surveyed
Technical Skills
Assembled Designed Maintained Remodeled
Built Devised Operated Repaired
Calculated Engineered Overhauled Solved
Computed Fabricated Programmed Upgraded
Teaching Skills
Advised Developed Explained Instructed
Clarified Enabled Facilitated Persuaded
Coached Encouraged Guided Set goals
Communicated Evaluated Informed Trained
Creative Skills
Conceptualized Developed Illustrated Invented
Created Directed Initiated Originated
Customized Established Integrated Planned
Designed Founded Introduced Revitalized
Clerical or Detail Skills

Approved Compiled Monitored Recorded
Arranged Executed Organized Retrieved
Catalogued Generated Prepared Screened
Classified Implemented Processed Tabulated
Collected Inspected Purchased Validated
Communication Skills
Addressed Corresponded Influenced Negotiated
Arbitrated Drafted Interpreted Persuaded
Authored Edited Mediated Promoted
Collaborated Formulated Moderated Wrote
34
Which Format To Use
There are three commonly used resume formats which are described below.
Choose a format that presents you in the best way possible.
The Basics Combination Resume

This format includes elements from both the chronological and the
functional resumes (below). Although it maintains a chronological format,
relevant skills, knowledge and experience can also be highlighted
throughout the resume. Main headings may include: Summary of
Qualifications, Education, Major Academic Projects, Related Experience,
Other Experience, Technical Skills, Community Involvement and others.
This the preferred resume format as it can be tailored to emphasize
specific skills while still maintaining the reverse chronological structure
that employers like.
Functional or Skill Based Resume

This format emphasizes the most relevant skills and qualifications that
can be drawn from education, work experience and extracurricular
involvement. Skills are usually grouped according to the position sought.
An employment history, in reverse chronological order, is also provided
but without a description of accomplishments for each job. Job seekers
who have gaps in their employment history or individuals who have
limited experience in the targeted field often use this format. However,
some employers dislike this format as it is not as straightforward as a
chronological or combination resume.
Chronological Resume
This format emphasizes dates. Employment and education histories are
listed in reverse chronological order, starting with the most recent
information and working backwards in time. Main headings include:
Objective, Education, Employment, Activities and Interests. This format
does not focus on skills and may make unrelated jobs and gaps in
experience obvious.
See pages 36, 38 and 40 for a sample resume of each format.
Whatever format you choose, make sure your resume is organized,

easy to read, consistent and free of errors.
Remember

35
Other Resume Tips
As in any advertisement, it’s not just what you say, but how you say it.
Why do some ads jump out at you? Think of what factors persuade you
to read more - layout, style and size of the print, use of white space, etc.
Star Move The same principles apply to your resume. The way the information is
presented is as important as the words themselves.
· Choose a format and layout that is easy to read and organized

· Make sure the format you choose is consistent throughout the resume
· Don’t use more than two font styles
· Use a font size of 10 to 12
Action
· Print your resume on quality paper of a neutral colour (white, off-white,
light grey etc.)
· Limit your resume to two pages. Any longer and it becomes a chore
to read
· Emphasize your skills by using resume verbs
· Use precise point form statements starting each point with a resume
verb - use past tense for past jobs and present tense for current jobs
· Focus on your accomplishments/skills, not your duties
· Make sure your resume contains absolutely no typing, spelling or
grammatical errors
· Use underlining, bold or capitals to enhance certain important
information (diplomas, job titles, etc.)
· Avoid the use of italics or script fonts
· Include your name and phone number on all pages
· Do not use corporate logos on your resume (it is illegal)
· Do not use corrective liquid or make handwritten changes
· Use a high quality printer
· Avoid using resume templates
· Be truthful but without underselling yourself
· Have several versions of your resume targeting different positions
A Few Interesting Links About Resumes...

www.workopoliscampus.com (click on Resources Centre)
resume.monster.ca/
www.jobsetc.ca
www.jobstar.org/tools/resume/index.cfm
Cyber-Search
www.careerjournal.com/tools/resume/index.html
www.rileyguide.com/resprep.html
www.canadiancareers.com/resume.html

36
Sample Combination Resume Career/Job Objective
A brief statement (one or two lines) indicating
PAT M. SMITH the type of employment or career sought and
1234 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M4C 1Z1 your potential contribution to the employer. It
Residence: (416) 123-4567 Messages: (416) 111-9999 must be customized to the position that you
are seeking. It may also be included in your
psmith@my.centennialcollege.ca cover letter instead of on your resume.
CAREER OBJECTIVE
A position in sales and marketing where my customer service experience, technical knowledge and
communication abilities will be useful in managing accounts and acquiring new clientele.
HIGHLIGHTS OF QUALIFICATIONS
· Three years of experience in customer service related positions

· Knowledge of marketing principles and theories
· Skilled at identifying and soliciting new clients
· Proven experience in addressing a wide range of client needs in a multicultural
environment
· Proficient in Word, WordPerfect, Excel and Lotus Notes
· Sound leadership skills and strong communication abilities
· High energy, dynamic and achievement-oriented individual
Highlights, Summary or Profile of
RELATED WORK EXPERIENCE Qualifications
A summary of the main qualifications that you
Sales ABC Computer Outlet have to offer the employer. This summary may
include experience, knowledge or skills related
Representative Toronto, Ontario (2007-Present) to the position in question.
· Assess client’s needs and recommend the appropriate goods or services

· Professionally and courteously serve over 50 clients daily
· Assist in the display of merchandise
· Demonstrate excellent product knowledge
· Continuously promote after-sale services (product warranty, maintenance)
· Received “Employee of the Month” award for three consecutive months
Customer Service The Kitchen Store

Representative Scarborough, Ontario (2006-2007)
Related Work Experience
Related jobs are listed in reverse · Greeted customers and discussed the type, quality and quantity of
chronological order. The focus merchandise sought for purchase or rental
is not on the positions
and/or · Prepared sales contracts and accepted cash, credit card or automatic debit
employers. Responsibilities and
payment
skills are clearly noted, using
Action verbs and achievements · Assisted with inventory verification and product ordering

are qualified and quantified · Demonstrated excellent communication and presentation skills
wherever possible.
Telemarketing Telephone Sales Inc.
Clerk Toronto, Ontario (Summers 2004, 2005 and 2006)
· Generated over $10,000 in subscriptions and product sales each summer

· Prepared and administered sales contracts
· Answered inquiries and provided information
37
Contact Information
This information should be reproduced on both pages
PAT M. SMITH /2
Residence: (416) 123-4567 Messages: (416) 111-9999
Other Experience
Non-related positions are listed in this
section to account for periods of time or to
OTHER WORK EXPERIENCE demonstrate work experience in general.
Skills pertinent to the position sought
can be noted if necessary. Specific duties
Security Guard Toronto Security Services are not usually mentioned as they are
Toronto, Ontario (2006-2007) unrelated to the desired position.
· Answered inquiries and provided general information to visitors

· Performed administrative duties according to established procedures
· Maintained composure and professionalism under pressure
EDUCATION
Marketing Centennial College

(3 Year Diploma) Toronto, Ontario (2007-Present)

Relevant courses include:
Principals of Marketing Marketing Management
Financial Accounting Business Communications
Marketing Analysis Operations Management
Education
Focus is on the diploma/

degree pursued. Courses Major Academic Projects

and academic projects can · Analyzed sales management problems and developed creative solutions

also be highlighted · Developed scripts for prospecting new clients
· Thoroughly researched a particular product and facilitated a sales presentation
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Affiliations Canadian Professional Sales Association (2007-Present)
Computer Skills MS Office, Internet and various Email programs
Interests Tennis, badminton, movies and gardening

Additional Information
Includes general information that does not need to be
REFERENCES prominently featured. Sub-headings will vary according
to position and industry.
Available upon request
References
This caption is not mandatory. References are never included in a resume. If
required for an application process, they should be listed on a separate page and
provided as a separate document.

38
Sample Functional Resume
Objective (optional)
A brief statement (one or two PAT M. SMITH
lines) indicating the type of 123 Corner Street Toronto, Ontario M1T 1T1
employment you are pursu-
ing. It must be customized to
Residence: (416) 123-4567 Cellular : (416) 222-5555
the position you are seeking. Email : patsmith@email.com
OBJECTIVE
To obtain a position in a residential facility that assists youths in successfully reconnecting with
their community. Relevant Skills Section
This format emphasizes most relevant skills
and qualifications that can be drawn from
RELEVANT SKILLS, KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE education, employment or extracurricular
involvement.
Intervention Skills
· Experience working with families, schools and other service providers
· Demonstrated crisis prevention and intervention skills
· Understanding principles of harm reduction
· Skilled at providing information, counselling and referrals to young adults in distress
· Experience in assessing situations and providing appropriate solutions
Casework Management and Administrative Skills

· Worked collaboratively with numerous social workers to establish individualized case
management plans
· Ensured compliance with all operational procedures and legislative policies
· Maintained follow-up services and support after discharge
· Referred individuals to appropriate community services as necessary
· Assisted with the planning and supervision of the daily activities of the residence
· Proficient with WordPerfect and Word, familiar with spreadsheet packages
Interpersonal Skills
· Accountability, flexibility and professionalism in performing all duties
· Demonstrated interpersonal and communication (both oral and written) skills
· Displayed sound decision-making and the ability to resolve conflicts sensitively and
respectfully
WORK EXPERIENCE
Youth Service Worker
ABC House, Toronto, Ontario Summer 2008
Administrative Assistant
The Admin Group, Mississauga, Ontario 2003-2005
Work History
An employment history, in reverse chronological order, is also provided. Dates
can be provided on the right hand side to remove the focus on time periods.

39
Contact Information
The information should be reproduced on Page 2
both pages.
PAT M. SMITH
Residence: (416) 123-4567 Cellular : (416) 222-5555
Education and Training
Relevant courses can be mentioned to display
EDUCATION AND TRAINING specific knowledge, if appropriate.
Community and Justice Services Diploma
Centennial College, Toronto, Ontario 2007-Present
Expected Date of Graduation: April 2009

Relevant courses include:
Client Care Interpersonal Skill Development
Security Skills Community Resources and Corrections
Group Dynamics Criminal Justice System
Certification in First Aid and CPR

St. John’s Ambulance, Toronto, Ontario 2007
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
Volunteer
Street Helpline, Toronto, Ontario 2006-Present
Volunteer
First Night Festival, Toronto, Ontario Winters 2004-2005
Volunteer
The Toddler Day Care, Toronto, Ontario 2003-2004
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Computer Skills
Microsoft Word, Excel and PowerPoint, Internet
Languages Additional Headings

Fluent in English and French Additional sections supporting your skills
and qualifications for the position in
question can be added to the resume.
Interests
Tennis, golf, cooking and reading
Excellent references available upon request
References

40
Sample Chronological Resume Contact Information
Do not include any personal data
PAT M. SMITH such as date of birth, marital status,
citizenship, etc..
1234 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M4C 1Z1
Education psmith@email.ca
Focus is on the dates and diploma/program.
Courses and academic projects can also be high-
lighted. EDUCATION
2007-Present Network Specialist Post Graduate Diploma

Centennial College, Toronto, Ontario
Expected Date of Graduation: December 2008
2004-2007 Bachelor of Computer Science

University of Technical Sciences, Ottawa, Ontario
WORK EXPERIENCE
Summer 2008 Internet/Intranet/Network Technician

ABC Company, Toronto, Ontario
· Oversaw initial setup of server from conception to launch in a Windows

Back Office Server environment
Work Experience · Administered web site and LAN (capacity planning, performance tuning,
Jobs are listed in reverse
chronological order and
upgrades and documentation)
position title is highlighted. · Provided training and technical support to users on the LAN
Responsibilities and skills · Installed and configured firewall software for enhanced
are also clearly noted. Action Internet/Intranet security
verbs are used and · Repaired, configured, set up and modified IBM compatible PCs and
achievements are qualified
and quantified wherever
peripherals
possible. · Maintained, installed and supported client PCs in a LAN environment
· Administered email server (MS Exchange)
· Administered FTP (File Transfer Protocol) server
2006-2008 Customer Service Representative/Team Leader

123 Call Centre Ltd., Ottawa, Ontario
· Used a workstation running “G LINK” mainframe operating system in a

LAN/WAN environment
· Professionally handled over 250 inbound and tracing calls per day
· Trained new and existing employees with new products and services
· Assisted customers with various queries.
· Efficiently solved various problematic scenarios
· Developed strong interpersonal and communication skills

41
Contact Information
This information should be reproduced on
PAT M. SMITH 2/2 both pages.
1234 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M4C 1Z1
WORK EXPERIENCE CON’T
2004-2006 Clerk
Smith and Sons Ltd, Ottawa, Ontario
Specialized Skills · Used ACCPAC order entry software to warehouse and rotate
A section on skills equipment, parts and supplies
specific to your field/ · Implemented a project/labor costing log using Lotus 123 version 2.0
industry can also be
added to this resume which reduced staff overtime expenses by 30%
format. · Developed strong interpersonal and communication skills
TECHNICAL SKILLS
Networking: TCP/IP, OSI, Microsoft LAN Manager, Novell Netware, Internet,

Ethernet, SNA, and LAN-WAN interconnection
Programming: C, C++, Visual BASIC, FORTRAN, Pascal, SQL, UNIX Shell Script,
BASIC, Clipper, Algol 68, and 80X86 Assembler
Operating Systems: UNIX (bsd & SVr3/r4), MS Windows, MS DOS, MS Windows NT,
Solaris, VAX/VMS, and Macintosh OS X
Applications: Microsoft Office, Microsoft Access, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft

Project, Microsoft Publisher, Lotus 123, Lotus Freelance and others
Additional Information
Includes general information that does not
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION need to be prominently featured. Sub-
headings will vary according to position
and industry.
Special Training
2008 MCSE, Microsoft Institute, Toronto, Ontario
2006 Customer Service Training, 123 Call Centre Ltd., Ottawa, Ontario

Activities and Interests Golf, reading, running
EXCELLENT REFERENCES AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST
References

42
Electronic And Scannable Resumes
Many companies use technology to help them manage the multitude of
resumes they receive. Often a resume is entered electronically into a
searchable database where it is stored before it is even looked at by an
employer. When an employer wants to look for a candidate they can just
Cyber-Search
search their database using keywords, much the same way you might
search for something on the Internet. It’s necessary to have an electronic or
scannable version of your resume that can be easily read by the company’s
applicant tracking system.
Electronic Or Scannable Resume-What’s The Difference?

E-resume
The most common e-resume is a resume saved as a text file (.txt) and is
free of formatting such as bullets, bold, underlining, etc. It is also known as
a Plain Text resume or ASCII resume. An e-resume is generally first read
by computers (applicant or resume tracking system or computer database)
The Basics instead of by a person. It is usually entered into the employer’s database
directly from its electronic format and only printed or read by a person
once it has been retrieved in a search. The e-resume is used for online
application purposes (email, Internet job boards and company Web site
application forms). It can also be used to create a scannable resume.
Scannable Resume
A scannable resume is a resume created for scanning into an applicant
or resume tracking system or resume database.The term scannable resume
usually refers to the paper version of your e-resume. Although used less
frequently by employers, the scannable resume is faxed, mailed, or hand
delivered to companies that use optical scanners and character recognition
software to input resumes into searchable databases. It can also be emailed
to employers for printing and scanning.
How To Prepare An E-Resume

Formatting
All the effort you have put into the formatting and layout of your
traditional resume may prevent your resume from being placed suc-
cessfully into the company’s database. Because you want your e-resume
to be easily read by the employer’s computerized system you should strip
Warning your resume of all fancy formatting and create a text based version.

43
Your first step should be to save a version of your resume as a Plain
Text file instead of a word processing (Word, WordPerfect) file. This will
remove the formatting and special fonts. To do this using Microsoft Word
follow these steps:
Action
1. With your resume file open, click on ‘Save As’ under the ‘File’ menu
2. Type the file name in the ‘File Name’ box (e.g. Restext)
3. Select ‘Plain Text’ or ‘Text Only’ in the ‘Save as Type’ drop-down box
4. Click on ‘Save’
5. Open your text resume (e.g. Restext.txt) by going to‘File’ and then
‘Open’ within Word or by clicking on the file icon to open in Notepad
This process will remove all formatting commands and may create some
errors. You must therefore scroll through your resume and correct any
errors and enhance the appearance of your resume, using these guidelines:
· Left-justify text for an easy-to-read format

· Do not use bold, italics, underlining, centering, indenting, boxes, bullets,
graphics, columns or shading
· Use Courier or a sans serif font such as Arial in a font size of 10 to 14
· Use asterisks (*), plus signs (+) or dashes (-) instead of bullets
· Use capital letters instead of bold lettering or underlining
· Use dashes (-) instead of horizontal lines
· Use the space bar or commas instead of tabs or columns
· Replace curly quotes with straight quotes
· Keep your resume to a maximum of 65 characters per line, which will
accommodate most email programs and avoid odd line breaks
Employers will expect you to have computer skills. Applying online

or by email may be your only option for some companies.
Remember
Make Sure It’s Searchable
E-resumes are stored in the company’s searchable database and searches

are conducted based on keywords to find candidates that best match the
job requirements. To ensure that your resume will be retrieved during
searches you must therefore include keywords in your resume. You may
Star Move do this with an additional category called a Keyword Summary at the top
of your resume but even better, you should also make sure keywords are
scattered throughout all sections of your resume. This way your keywords
will be used in context when a person reads your resume and because
more keywords will be included, you increase the chances of your resume
being found in a search.
44
Keywords are nouns that relate to the skills and experience required for the
job. These keywords will be crucial in increasing your chances of having
your resume retrieved from the database. You must remember:
The Basics · Software is normally programmed to search for nouns, not verbs
· Aim to have 25 to 35 keywords throughout your resume
· Use industry buzzwords, job/industry-specific skills, transferable skills,
technological terms, certifications, job titles and noun forms of the action
verbs you have used elsewhere in your resume
· Include synonyms, various forms of keywords and acronyms as well as
the spelled out version of common terms
· Some applicant tracking software rank resumes according to how many
keywords are found and the number of times they appear
· Examine job postings to determine what keywords are commonly used
for the position/industry you are interested in
If you aren’t sure which resume format a company is accepting try

calling their Human Resources department and ask for their preferred
Remember resume format.
Sending Your E-Resume

There are different ways of sending an e-resume to an employer. You
should always follow the instructions provided by each employer, as
they may differ from the general guidelines provided in this book. Some
Cyber-Search employers accept email attachments while others will not for fear of
viruses or because of compatability issues. Others still, will expect you
to apply via a Web site. Contact the company in question and ask for
clarification concerning their application process and procedures. When in
doubt, these guidines are safest:
When sending by email:
· Paste your cover letter and e-resume in the body of the email
· Make sure that you’ve kept your resume to a maximum of 65 characters
per line, which will accommodate most email programs and ensure that
Action what the employer sees on screen looks organized
· Also attach your “print” resume (Word or RTF format) in case the
employer would like to view this version; in fact your hope is that
they do, as this format is easier to read by a person and presents you
more professionally. You can indicate in the email message that you
have attached a document as well as included a text version for their
convenience
· Indicate the position title or reference number in the Subject heading
45
When completing a Web form:
· Read the instructions carefully
· Follow all the guidelines mentioned on the Web site. Web forms vary
Action from company to company as well as from one job and resume
database to the other.
· Be sure to complete all required fields
· Copy and paste your e-resume into the text box provided. Scroll through
it and correct any improper line breaks or conversion errors
· When uploading your resume to a job and resume database, keep
in mind the potential drawbacks to your privacy and confidentiality.
· Only post your resume on established Web sites
· Read their employer screening and privacy policies
· Consider omitting all personal contact information (name,
address, phone number) and including only an email address
specifically created for job search purposes
When sending a paper scannable resume:

· Use a good quality printer and white or light-coloured paper
· Always send original copies (do not fold or staple)
· When faxing, use “detailed mode”
When To Use An Electronic Resume

Although it is becoming more prevalent for companies, both large and
small, to use an applicant or resume tracking database to process applica-
tions, it is not easy to determine who does and doesn’t use these systems.
Cyber-Search It is best to have several versions of your resume: a “print” one (formatted
Word or RTF version) to send as an attachment to an email or to mail
and fax, and a Plain Text version to paste into emails or Web applications
and, rarely, to fax or mail as a scannable resume. Remember, if you
are uncertain of which resume to use, contact the company and ask for
clarification concerning their application process and procedures.
A Few Interesting Links About Electronic Resumes...

www.workopoliscampus.com (click on Resource Centre)
www.eresumes.com
www.careerperfect.com
www.rileyguide.com/eresume.html
Cyber-Search
resume.monster.ca/section1972.asp
www.quintcareers.com/e-resume_format.html
jobsearchtech.about.com/od/resumewriting1/Writing_Electronic_Resumes.htm

46
Sample Plain Text Resume With Keyword Summary
(this version can be used as an e-resume or scannable resume)
PAT M. SMITH Keyword Summary

1234 College Street These are skills, duties or responsibilities that relate to the
Toronto, Ontario job, listed in noun form instead of verbs. Since computers
M4C 1Z1 search for nouns the Keyword Summary can increase your
Residence: 416 123-4567 resume’s chances of being retrieved during searches. Try to
Messages: 416 111-9999 use keywords in context throughout the resume as well.
psmith@my.centennialcollege.ca
KEYWORD SUMMARY
----------------
Installation and configuration of computer programs, Computer Repairs, Web Site
Administration, Email administration, Training experience, Project Management,
Problem Solving Skills, Customer Service Skills
TECHNICAL SKILLS
----------------
Networking:
TCP/IP, OSI, Microsoft LAN Manager, Novell Netware, Internet, Ethernet,
Programming:
C, C++, Visual BASIC, FORTRAN, Pascal, SQL, UNIX Shell Script, BASIC
Operating Systems:
UNIX, MS Windows, MS DOS, MS Windows NT, and Macintosh OS X
Applications:
Microsoft Office, Microsoft Access, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Project,
Microsoft Publisher, Lotus 123, Lotus Freelance and others
WORK EXPERIENCE
------------------------
Internet/Intranet Network Technician
ABC Company
Toronto, Ontario
Summer 2008
* Oversaw initial setup of server from conception to launch in a Windows Back

Office Server environment
* Administered web site and LAN (capacity planning, performance tuning, upgrades
and documentation)
* Provided training and technical support to users on the LAN
* Installed and configured firewall software for enhanced Internet/Intranet security
* Repaired, configured, set up and modified IBM compatible PCs and peripherals
* Maintained, installed and supported client PCs in a LAN environment
Continue with rest of resume

47
The Cover Letter
When sending your resume to prospective employers, always include a
cover letter. The cover letter gives you the opportunity to personalize your
application.
The Basics Always address your cover letter to a particular person (the hiring manager
or your networking contact) and tailor it to a specific company and job.
This will personalize your letter and show you’ve done your research.
Contact the company for specific contact information.
When applying to jobs posted through the Co-op Department you are not
required to include a cover letter UNLESS the posting specifies that you
should (but it is a good idea!). If you are required or would like to include
a cover letter when applying for a co-op job you will find the contact
information on each job posting on PlacePro.
When applying to jobs on your own or as a graduate, you should always

send a cover letter, even if the posting only asks for a resume. It
shows your professionalism and increases your chances when applying to
advertised jobs.
Some Cover Letter Tips
· Your cover letter should be one page with three to four paragraphs
· Use the same paper as your resume
· Check print quality for bleed, jagged or crooked edges and overall
Star Move
readability
· Use a font size 10 or 12
· Do not use corrective liquid or make handwritten changes
· Use a high-quality printer
· Give it to three friends or family members to review and edit
· Format your letter as you would a formal business letter.
· Use a formal writing style - the employer is not a personal friend or
family member
· Be as concise as possible, without generalizing your skills (speak about
skills specific to the particular job)
Don’t send out the same generic cover letter to several companies.
Make the employer feel they are the only company you are applying
to by doing research and customizing every letter.
Remember

48
The Four Paragraphs
The cover letter should contain four paragraphs, each with its own
purpose. To remember the purpose of each paragraph think of the
following AIDA formula:
Action
A Attention: Tell why you are writing. Name the position for which
you are applying and how you heard about it (contact name/where
posted/when posted).
I Interest: Tell the employer how your skills match those needed for
the job. Use resume verbs (e.g. planned, organized, completed)
to describe your skills as they relate to the job. When answering an
advertisement, make sure to include all the requirements listed in
the ad. This makes it easy to match you to the job.
D Desire: You may want to add a paragraph outlining why you would
like to do this job or work for this specific company and how
they match your goals and interests. Mention something you have
learned about the company during your research. This is your
chance to show the employer your interest in the company and that
you have done your homework.
A Assertiveness: Ask for an interview. Use an appropriate closing to

pave the way for an interview by suggesting a meeting to further
discuss your qualifications and that you are awaiting an immediate
and favourable reply. Refer to your attached resume. If you take
responsibility for the next action (e.g. I will contact you by
________ to enquire about the status of my application.) you will
be more proactive and will avoid the frustration of waiting for a
reply. However, co-op students should not contact Centennial
College’s co-op employers directly.
A Few Interesting Links About Cover Letters...

www.cdm.uwaterloo.ca/step4_3.asp
resume.monster.ca/section1976.asp
www.rileyguide.com/cover.html
Cyber-Search

49
Sample Cover Letter
123 Any Street
Toronto, Ontario
M1K 5E9
September 24, 2008

Action
Ms. Tracy Dobbs
Manager, Human Resources
EMC Solutions, Inc.
123 Elm Avenue
Toronto, Ontario
M2N 3R8
Dear Ms. Dobbs:
I am writing in response to your advertisement for a Recruitment Assistant which was posted
by the Centennial College Co-op Department on September 23, 2008.
I am currently enrolled in the Human Resources Management (Co-op) program at

Centennial College and my education here has provided me with knowledge in recruitment
and selection procedures. My previous position in the Human Resources department of
the YWCA gave me experience and skills in electronically managing applicant databases,
checking references and utilizing Microsoft Word to prepare postings, offer letters and other
documents. I also assisted with placing employment ads on web sites and recruiting from
local educational institutions. Having had experience in an office setting, I am an organized
individual with the ability to handle multiple tasks. My communication and interpersonal
skills make me an excellent team player.
I understand that EMC Solutions is an equal opportunity employer with specialized

programs in recruiting people with disabilities and members of minority groups. With my
understanding of the laws and regulations governing hiring in Ontario, including the Ontario
Code of Human Rights, I will assist your company in meeting its recruitment goals.
I would appreciate the opportunity to further discuss my qualifications with you in person.
I can be reached via the Co-op Department at (416) 289-5209 to arrange an interview time.
Thank you for your consideration and I look forward to meeting with you.
Sincerely,
(signature)
Pat Smith
Enclosure
DO NOT copy this sample cover letter! Imagine how many other
students and graduates have this textbook - you would all end up with the
same letter! Your cover letter should be a unique letter that YOU write
Warning and as such, it should be different from other students’. It is ok to look
at samples to help you with writing style and format but you do not want
a prospective employer to be turned off by a letter that shows lack of
originality or initiative.
50
The Portfolio
A career portfolio is a useful tool both for job search as well as career man-
agement. As a showcase of your talents and potential, a portfolio is a col-
lection of documents and artifacts that demonstrate and substantiate your
skills, knowledge, experience, accomplishments and academic background.
The Basics A portfolio allows you to reflect upon your strengths and achievements,
enabling you to see the path your career is taking and helping you set
future goals. Reflecting on and analyzing your skills will make you better
prepared to discuss these with a potential employer. An employer will be
able to see tangible proof that you have the skills and knowledge that they
are looking for and can feel more confident in a hiring decision.
Common Portfolio Contents
· Statement of originality and confidentiality

· Table of contents
· Career goals and/or work philosophy
· Resume
· Work samples - school or work projects, reports, assignments, etc.
· Awards and accomplishments
· Letters of recommendation or reference, thank you letters, client or
employer evaluations
· Certificates, diplomas, transcripts - copies only
· Academic plan of study/model route/course lists
· Professional memberships
Putting Your Portfolio Together
· Collect as many documents and artifacts as possible

· Keeping in mind the job or career you are interested in, analyze your
collection and select those that demonstrate what you would like the
employer know about you (related knowledge, skills, experience, etc)
Action
· Put your documents and artifacts into clear page protectors and insert
them in a logical order into a professional looking portfolio case with a
three ring binder-like functionality
· Add a table of contents and section dividers
As you progress through college and while working, be sure to hold on to

documents and artifacts that demonstrate your skills and accomplishments.
These could be essential pieces in your portfolio later on. The process of
maintaining a portfolio is a rewarding one that will boost your confidence
Star Move and result in concrete proof of your potential.

Your job search
strategy:
Looking for work

Your Job Search Strategy:
Looking For Work
Where Are The Jobs?
Looking for a job is a job in and of itself. Therefore, it is important to
remain focused, organized and consider as many strategies as possible in
order to enhance your chances of success. So where are the jobs? The first
The Basics thing you should know is that there are two types of job markets available
to you: the advertised (visible) market and the non-advertised (hidden)
job market. It’s your job right now to come up with a job search strategy
to proactively access both of these markets and combine the techniques
that follow in this chapter in a way that brings you employment success.
The Advertised Job Market

The advertised job market is just that - jobs that are advertised in some
way. In this market jobs are posted in/on:
· Newspapers
· Online job posting sites
· Company Web sites
· Employment newsletters
· Industry specific and association magazines and publications
· Career centre job boards
· Employment agencies
· Help wanted signs/billboards
The good thing about advertised jobs is that you know there is a concrete
opening that you can apply to. However, do not rely on this alone!
Advertised positions represent a mere 20% of existing openings. And
remember these jobs are advertised. That means that there are many
Warning people applying for the same jobs, reducing your chances of getting
noticed in the crowd. And often, by the time the ad is published the
employer already has a good idea of who they are going to hire.
54
Enhancing Your Chances In The Advertised Job Market
To increase your chances of being noticed by an employer currently
soliciting applications:
· Carefully read the job advertisement

Star Move
· Research the company
· Include a cover letter even if not asked to
· Customize your resume and cover letter
· Address your letter to a specific person at the company
· Match your skills to those required for the specific job
· Include some information that shows you’ve done some research,
e.g. why are you interested in this specific company?
· If applying to human resources, further your efforts by also approaching
the manager or supervisor of the department for which you would work
· Follow up with a telephone call to confirm receipt of your resume,
express your interest in the job, ask questions and request an interview
Don’t Stop There! Beyond Job Postings

While looking at advertised job postings should never be disregarded,
a good job search strategy combines a number of different techniques
in combination. Since the advertised job market makes up 20% of the
available jobs, perhaps you should spend only 20% of your job search
Warning efforts in this area. The other 80% of jobs are part of the “hidden job
market” and it means being more proactive to get to these opportunities,
which most often means networking.
The Hidden Job Market

Why are 80% of employment opportunities part of the hidden job market?
There are several possible scenarios to explain why positions are not
advertised:
The Basics · The employer is informally looking for someone to avoid expenses and
time demands of receiving hundreds of resumes as the result of an ad.
· The employer has various projects to accomplish and has yet to make
arrangements for new staff
· The employer has to deal with an unexpected situation (need to replace
an employee who has recently quit, been promoted, left on medical or
maternity leave, etc.)
· The employer wants reliable referrals from trusted employees/co-workers
55
Job search techniques that help you access the hidden job market include
researching potential openings, organizing targeted mailings, considering
cold calling, conducting telephone campaigns and, most importantly,
networking.
Networking
Networking means meeting with and talking to people who can help you
in your search for work, be it by putting in a good word for you, providing
insider information about your industry, letting you in on upcoming
opportunities or helping to get in contact with the right person. Here’s
The Basics
how to do it:
1. Make New Contacts
There are many places to go to find new contacts. Try these:
· Your own extended family and friends

· Your friends’ parents and other family members
· Your professors, advisors, coaches, tutors, clergy
· Your former bosses and your friends’ and family members’ bosses
· Members of clubs, religious groups and other organizations to which
Research you belong
· All the organizations near your home or school
· People in occupations which require them to have a large client base (e.g.
hairdresser, insurance agent, real estate agent, etc.)
· Your college alumni association
What If I Don’t Know Anyone?
It’s not likely that most of your family and friends will be working in
your industry. But that doesn’t mean you don’t have a network. Your
networking contacts are not necessarily people you know. They are more
likely to be people who are referred to you either by friends and family
or by other subsequent contacts. So your friend may not work in your
industry but perhaps her neighbour does. Think of that neighbour as a
potential contact and try to set up an appointment.
Try attending conferences, trade shows, networking events and info

sessions where you can meet people in your industry. Becoming a student
or associate member of a professional organization will give you access
to information about these types of activities. Contact your Chamber
of Commerce for upcoming events. Look out for employer information
sessions organized by your college career centre. Get out there!
56
2. Set up Networking Appointments
It’s not always easy to get someone to agree to meet with you. The most
Action common excuses people may have for not seeing you are time constraints
and they don’t have any jobs to offer you. Here are some tips to circumvent
these objections:
· Always use the name of the contact who referred you. Knowing that you
have a mutual contact will put the person at ease and may persuade them
to agree to meet with you. They may think that if someone they know has
referred you then you must be okay. Also, most people would not want to
insult a colleague or friend by turning you away.
· Be sure not to pressure your contacts for a job - remember the purpose
Star Move is to get yourself known by them for future opportunities, not to get
a job on the spot.
· If the person tells you they have no job openings tell them you
understand that. Explain that you are not asking for a job - you just want
to meet for information purposes.
· If your contact tells you they are very busy stress that you only need 20
minutes of their time and that you will be prepared.
· Always suggest a date for the meeting and have alternative dates picked
out in case your contact is busy at that time.
3. Have Networking Meetings
The purpose of networking meetings is similar to that of informational

interviews - to gather first-hand information about the industry or
occupation. See the previous section on Informational Interviews in this
book (page 23). However, there is another very important reason for
Action conducting networking meetings - to lay the groundwork for accessing the
hidden job market. Here are some things you should remember to do:
· Be able to speak about your skills and career interests

· Show you are professional - have an agenda and questions prepared
· Ask impressive questions that show you are knowledgeable about your
industry/the company
· Never leave without asking for names of other people who would be able
to help you (this is how your network will continue to grow)
In general, you want to leave your contact with the impression that you are
keen, smart and would make a good employee. Therefore, you will come to
mind should any opportunities arise in the future.

57
4. Stay in Touch
The biggest mistake job seekers make when networking is to have

one meeting with someone, hand over their resume and then lose
contact. Networking means regular and consistent follow-up (without
being a nuisance). Always send a thank you letter after any networking
Warning activity. Ask your contact if they would mind if you checked in with them
from time to time. If your initial meeting went well, chances are your
contact will be interested in your progress. How will he or she be able to
inform you of any opportunities if they have forgotten about you, don’t
know how to reach you or don’t know if you are still interested in finding
a job?
Through the process of maintaining contact you will collect referrals and
expand your contact base while keeping an eye out for opportunities and
focussing on securing employment.
5. Using the Internet to Enhance Your Network
The Internet is a great way to enhance your networking strategy. You can
do this by participating in discussion groups, social networking sites and
blogs which allow you to exchange information with people from many
different areas, companies, cities, even countries. The boundaries of time
Cyber-Search and geography are eliminated so you can contact people from virtually
anywhere (from your local area to around the world) at any time. For more
information on online networking, see page 71.
Networking is the most successful way to find a job!

Remember
Researching Potential Openings

Once you have researched your industry or occupation (see Get Informed:
Research! Research! Research! page 21) you will have come up with a
listing of companies. Narrow that list down to a manageable number of
companies that you would really like to work for and seriously target them.
Research A list of 15-20 companies is a good start. Visit their Web site, read any
company literature you can find, read company profiles and meet with
individuals working for that company. Do not forget to ask individuals in
your current network if they know someone in that industry or if they have
a contact in the companies that you are targeting.
58
The objective of all this research is to find out:
· How your skills best suit the organization

· The structure of the organization and which department you would best
fit into
· Where hiring opportunities may exist in the organization
Research · Any trends or important changes within the company
· The person who is responsible for hiring within the department/area that
interests you, the proper spelling of their name and their title
· Specific job titles that exist within the company
Some Research Tips:
· When in doubt, aim high. Targeting a Director or Vice President of a

department will get you further than targeting a junior person who may
not have any decision-making authority.
· A good place to source names, titles, department or product categories
within your target companies is in the press. Newspaper articles found in
Star Move print or on the Internet, as well as “News” or “Press” sections of corporate
Web sites, often quote industry experts and company representatives.
· Review past and present job postings from your target companies, often
found in the “Careers” Section of their corporate web site. Research
these postings and job descriptions even if the job is too senior or is in
a city you don’t want to relocate to. The postings provide valuable
information on the company structure, technologies, processes used and
general corporate values. This information will help you to customize
your networking cover letter and resume.
You now have the information you need to proceed with your proactive
job search strategy.
Targeted Mailing Campaigns

Now that you have gathered valuable company information, including
key contacts, you can approach potential employers by mailing, faxing
or emailing your unsolicited resume and a networking cover letter to
the companies that interest you. Networking cover letters for mailing
Action
campaigns closely resemble a cover letter that you would include with an
application to an advertised position.

59
In order for this strategy to be successful, there are a few things to
remember:
· Always include a networking cover letter addressed to a particular

person, making sure the spelling of their name is correct and including
their job title (instead of “To whom it may concern”)
· Use a referral name in your opening sentence when possible. It can
Star Move
determine whether or not the person continues to read your letter
· Focus your networking cover letter on a specific job or area of work
(instead of “any position”)
· In your networking cover letter, mention something specific about the
company if you can, making your application more personal and
showing you are informed about the organization
· Follow-up with a phone call a week later, confirming they have received
your resume and requesting an interview
INTRODUCTION: Tell why you are writing. Name the job or area that
you are interested in. Include a reference to the person(s) you spoke to
about the organization and/or potential upcoming opportunities.
BODY: Based on your research, tell the employer how your skills match
those usually needed for the job in question. Use resume verbs (e.g.
planned, organized, completed) to describe your skills as they relate to the
job. This makes it easy to match you to the job.
CLOSING: Request a meeting. If you take responsibility for the next

action (e.g. I will contact you by ______ to discuss opportunities within
your department) you will be more proactive and will avoid the frustration
of waiting for a reply.
Targeted mailing campaigns differ greatly from mass mailings that use
a generic broadcast letter. Targeted mailing campaigns are very focused
and require thorough research and follow-up procedures. A well-organized
targeted mailing campaign focusing on 20 companies can take up to a
Warning week or two of your time.

60
Sample Networking Cover Letter
178 Crest Street
Scarborough, Ontario
M2J 3C5
Action February 10, 2008
Ms. Jane Johnson

Office Manager
ABC Wireless Inc.
192 Purple Avenue
Pickering, Ontario
L1K 2R9
Dear Ms. Johnson:
I am writing to you with strong interest in contributing to ABC Wireless Inc.

in the area of administrative support. Mr. Bob Barker, from your engineering
department, is a former neighbour of mine and he suggested I contact you.
I feel that I would be a valuable addition to your administrative team, as my

previous work experience has exposed me to all aspects of office administra-
tion including customer service, scheduling and compiling of reports and
correspondence. My exceptional skills in MS Word, PowerPoint and Excel,
together with a typing speed of 60 wpm allow me to effectively respond
to deadlines and deliver high-quality results. My academic credentials
support this experience as I have recently completed a Diploma in Office
Administration from Centennial College.
I understand that ABC Wireless Inc. is growing rapidly and needs a strong
administrative team to support that growth. I feel that I would make a great
contribution to your organization. I am an enthusiastic person who enjoys
working in a team environment.
I have submitted my resume for your perusal. I will call you the week
of February 18 to arrange a meeting. If you require any additional informa-
tion, please contact me at (416) 200-0500. Thank you in advance for your
consideration.
Sincerely,
(signature)
Chris Smith
Encl: Resume
DO NOT copy this sample networking cover letter! It should be a

unique letter that YOU write and should be different from other job
seekers’ letters. It is ok to look at samples to help you with writing style
and format but you do not want a prospective employer to be turned off
Warning by a letter that shows lack of originality and initiative.

61
Cold Calling - Yes, In Person!
Sometimes a direct approach is more successful. When faced with hun-
dreds of resumes from equally qualified applicants, an employer may be
more likely to contact someone he or she has personally met and liked
Action rather than plow through mountains of resumes. Try visiting a company
in person, requesting to meet with the hiring manager. Stress that you do
not want too much of their time; you just want to introduce yourself and
leave a copy of your resume. This technique demonstrates initiative and
confidence.
However, if you decide to take this route, always be prepared to be

interviewed on the spot. Have a 30 second verbal resume rehearsed (“I
am looking for a position in...I have skills in...”). See the “Tell Me About
Warning Yourself” section on page 80 for advice on what to say.
This technique may work better in certain fields or for certain positions.
For example, dropping into a retail store to meet with the Manager may be
a lot easier than trying to meet the Technical Project Manager of a large
high tech firm. Do not be discouraged if you are refused the opportunity
to meet with the hiring manager. Consider instead a telephone follow up
to your company visit.
Remember:
· Always have a copy of your resume with you
Star Move · Consider creating and using a “calling card” or business card
· Dress appropriately
· Ask for a specific person (the person responsible for hiring) - do your
research and know in advance who to ask for
· Give a brief overview of your background, related skills , interests etc.
· Be enthusiastic, self-confident, polite and friendly
· Ask to arrange for an interview
Why a Calling Card?

A calling card is another great tool that you can use to quickly market
your skills and qualifications. It is a brief description of your key skills
and experience formatted on a small business card. This tool can easily
The Basics
be distributed to individuals in addition to or in lieu of your resume. You
may not always be able to give someone your resume but you can always
provide him or her with your calling card.

62
When should you use a calling card?
· Cold calling visits
· Meetings with friends, previous colleagues or supervisors, teachers,
family, etc.
· Career or job fairs
· Interviews
· Attach to cover letter, thank you letter or networking letter
Sample Calling Cards
Telephone Campaigns
Telephoning prospective employers is similar to cold calling only you are
not visiting the company in person. As with cold calling, ask for a specific
person and have an introduction prepared, outlining your experience and
skills. The purpose of your call is to arrange a networking meeting. If
Action
you are a co-op student, you may wish to inquire about any work term
opportunities and request an interview.
A few tips:
· Research the company you wish to contact
· Obtain the name, title and telephone number of the person responsible
for hiring in the department in question
· Always be polite and courteous to receptionists
· Be creative without being dishonest (“I have some correspondence to
forward to the Marketing Manager. Can I please have his/her name, title
and exact mailing address?”)
· Prepare your telephone script (see sample telephone scripts below). You
never know when you may be speaking to a manager or supervisor.
· Show enthusiasm
· Be ready for the unexpected
· Avoid distractions (television, stereo, answering call waiting, etc.)
· Have your resume in front of you for reference
· Have a pen and paper ready to take notes
· Practise! Practise! Practise!
63
Telephone Script for Making a Cold Call
“Hello (name of person you are calling), my name is (your name). I’m call-
ing to follow-up on the letter and resume that I sent to you last week. I am a
Human Resources Management graduate with my HRPAO designation and
I am now pursuing a position as an Employee Training Coordinator.
Action
“I am aware that your company has recently expanded its training pro-
grams and opened an Employee Training Centre, and I would like to gain
your perspective on the steps that went into this expansion and hopefully
ask you some questions about training as a career.
“My education has given me in-depth knowledge of the principles of

training and development including needs assessment, administration and
evaluation practices. I have had the opportunity to successfully develop
and deliver a training curriculum to a staff of 12 employees. Your feedback
on this experience would be really helpful.
“I realize you have a tight schedule, but perhaps we could spend 20

minutes for a meeting next week?”
Telephone Script for Someone to Whom You Have Been Referred
“Good morning (name of person you are calling). My name is (your name).
(Referral name) recommended that I give you a call.
“I am an experienced client support representative and I have recently

Action
graduated from a Network Professional program. (Referral name) sug-
gested that you would have some good perspective on the challenges and
opportunities of working in a Network Operating Centre.
“I understand that you do not have an open position in your team at this
time, but (referral name) felt that you would be a good person for me to
make contact with.
“I’d like to set up an appointment for about 20 minutes to ask you some
questions and gain your perspective. I can also share a brief overview of
my skills and hopefully get your input on what I’m thinking of doing in the
future. Would it be possible for us to meet?”

64
A Few Interesting Links About Job Search Strategies...
jobstar.org/hidden/index.cfm
www.workopoliscampus.com/ (click on Resource Centre)
content.monstertrak.monster.ca/guide/
www.careerperfect.com/content/job-search-tips/
Cyber-Search www.quintcareers.com/networking.html
www.jobsetc.gc.ca/categories.jsp?crumb=1&category_
id=34&lang=ewww.rileyguide.com/execute.html
www.career.und.edu/jobsearch/networking.html
jobsearch.about.com/od/findajob/Job_Search_Advice.htm
Note: Many of the job posting and resume database sites listed in pages
69-70 have resources, links and articles on job search strategies.
Although all of the techniques in this chapter are valid ways

of looking for a job you cannot rely only on one or the other.
Develop a strategy that is a combination of all techniques.
Remember As many jobs are not advertised, you should be spending

most of your time on proactive job search strategies and
NETWORKING.

Online job
search:
Using the Internet

Online Job Search:
Using The Internet
The Online Job Search
Everybody’s online these days and employers are no exception. More and
more employers are turning to the Internet for recruiting purposes.
As a job seeker you need to keep up with new methods of looking for
employment even if you are not a computer science grad. Apart from
Cyber-Search
just enabling you to find job postings and send resumes electronically, the
Internet is a great resource to enhance all other aspects of the job search.
Researching Online
This is where the Internet really shines. With the Internet you can acquire
an infinite amount of information almost immediately and with ease. Use
Cyber-Search the Internet to do the following kinds of research:
· Find industry information

· Visit the Web site of your industry or professional association
· Go to the Web sites of companies you are interested in
· Read company profiles
· Find articles about companies and industries
Research
· Read press releases on specific companies
· Download annual reports of companies you’ve targeted
See the chapter Research, Research, Research! for some useful links.
Web sites are only as good as the people who maintain them.
Sometimes the information you find may not be up-to-date.
You can always call the company to verify information like
Remember
names, addresses and phone numbers.

68
Finding Jobs Online
In addition to looking for printed job ads in newspapers, open positions
can also be found online:
Cyber-Search 1. Company Web sites

2. Association Web sites
3. Job posting and resume database Web sites
4. Online classifieds
Company Web Sites

Many companies have an online application process. This means that they
have a page on their Web site where you apply for a job instead of sending
your resume. You will be asked to enter your personal contact information
Cyber-Search and there may be questions you are required to answer by typing in a space
provided, by checking boxes or choosing from drop down menus.
You may be given the opportunity to paste your resume in a text box.
Remember that in cases like this you should use your “text only” resume
which you have formatted for scanning and electronic mail purposes. See
the Electronic and Scannable Resumes section on page 42.
Sometimes you will be provided with a text box in which to write any
comments you may have. Seize this opportunity to personalize your online
application by briefly telling the employer about your skills as they relate
Star Move to the job and what you can do for them. Think of this section as a type of
cover letter. See the section on Cover Letters on page 47 for guidance.
To locate a company’s Web site, you can conduct a search using

www.google.ca, www.yahoo.ca, www.sympatico.ca, etc. You can also
attempt to quickly locate the Web site by entering the company name
followed by .com or .ca in the URL space of your browser.
Research
www.companyname.com or www.companyname.ca
Web addresses change frequently. Use a search engine to find

a site that’s moved. If you can’t find a particular page on a
Remember
Web site try entering the home page address and start there.

69
Job Posting And Resume Database Web Sites
Another method to quickly locate employment opportunities available in
your field is to use job posting and resume database Web sites. These sites
will enable you to access advertised positions for various companies. Some
sites may be industry-specific (www.medhunters.com) while others will
cater to all types of backgrounds (www.workopolis.com, www.jobbank.
Cyber-Search
gc.ca). You can also access sites that will cater to particular groups or types
of employment such as: www.workopoliscampus.com for students and
graduates, www.charityvillage.com for positions in the non-profit area,
www.careeredge.ca for internship opportunities or www.summerjobs.
com for summer positions.
Some sites may enable you to post your resume in a database searchable
by employers seeking candidates. This type of service provides you with
24-hour exposure to a large number of employers at a local, national or
even international level. When posting your resume on a public access
database, remember to:
· Read the instructions carefully

· Follow all the guidelines mentioned on the Web site. Web forms vary
from one job and resume database to the other
· Keep in mind the potential drawbacks to your privacy and confidentiality
· Only post your resume on established Web sites
· Read their employer screening policies
Star Move · Consider omitting personal information (name, address, phone
number) and including only an email address created specifically
for job search purposes
A Few Interesting Links About Job Posting And Resume

Databases…
www.workopoliscampus.com/centennial
www.workopolis.com
Cyber-Search www.monster.ca
www.working.com
www.charityvillage.com
www.jobshark.com
www.jobbank.gc.ca
www.gojobs.gov.on.ca
www.jobs.gc.ca
www.jobpostings.ca
70
www.canadajobs.com
www.careerexchange.com
www.employmentnews.com
www.allstarjobs.ca
www.jobbus.com
www.careeredge.ca
www.careerowl.com
Cyber-Search www.canjobs.com
www.jobboom.com
Don’t just send your e-resume into oblivion. Follow up your

online application with a phone call as you would with a
traditional resume.
Remember
Online Classifieds, Newsgroups, Mailing Lists And Web

Forums
Employment and want ads found in local newspapers can sometimes be
accessed through the Internet. Visit these www.newspapers24.com/or
www.onestep.on.ca/findajob/ultimate.html for a list of newspapers and
classified sections available on the World Wide Web.
Cyber-Search
Newsgroups are another useful tool to find out about opportunities in
particular fields and/or locations. Also known as discussion groups, Usenet
or Forums, newsgroups are a collection of places to post messages about
particular topics, including employment opportunities.
www.cyberfiber.com/ is an example of usenet and newsgroup directory.
You can also try www.careerkey.com/newsgroups.htm. Some discussions
may take place in real time (a discussion takes place at a specific time - also
known as “chats”) whereas others are simply message boards that people
reply to at their convenience. Either way, you can actively participate or
simply choose to observe and acquire new information.
Finally, mailing lists or listservs can also be a great job search tool. You
simply subscribe to a particular listserv using your email address and
messages and information are sent to you directly. Some sites act as
listserv directories such as www.lsoft.com/lists/listref.html or www.
ccohs.ca/resources/listserv.html where you can find listservs on different
topics. Or to find a specific listserv, simply do a search on your favourite
Internet search engine.

71
Online Networking
Surfing the various job posting services does not amount to a complete job
search campaign. To be a successful job seeker, you must also consider
proactive job search techniques such as networking. You can enhance
your traditional networking strategy by expanding the process online.
Star Move You can do this by actively participating in discussion groups, forums,
social networks and blogs that allow you to exchange information with
people from many different areas, companies, cities, even countries. The
boundaries of time and geography are eliminated so you can contact
people from virtually anywhere (from your local area to around the world)
at any time.
Using Discussion Groups
As previously mentioned, discussion groups and listservs can be an

excellent source of advertised positions. However, they are also a great
vehicle to help you meet new individuals with whom you can exchange
ideas and information. Joining a discussion group may help you find a
Cybersearch person who knows about job opportunities or who can refer you to people
who are currently seeking applicants. At the very least they will help you
in your research of the industry, as you will hear from people working
in your field.
Here are a few more places that you can find discussion groups:
Internet Providers
www.google.ca (click on more and select Groups)
Research http://groups.live.com

Search Engines
www.careerkey.com/newsgroups.htm (mentioned previously)
www.searchengineshowdown.com/lists
Topic Specific Discussion Sites

www.canadianbusiness.com (Business)
www.ccohs.ca/hscanada/hscanada.html (Health and Safety)
www.cwhn.ca/cdn_women/index.en.html (Women’s Issues)
www.socialpolicy.ca/listserv.htm (Social Studies)
www.journalismnet.com/lists/canada.htm (Journalism)
www.accountantsworld.com/newforums (Accounting)

72
Follow these basic steps to make your participation in discussion groups
successful.
Action · Find discussion groups using the sites mentioned above.

· If you are new to discussion groups, review their netiquette, FAQs and
general guidelines.
· Be a “lurker” for a little while. Monitor discussions to figure out what
the group is all about and who its members are.
· Check the archives of previous discussions to find out if your questions
have already been answered.
· Post your first message. You may want to start with just one member
who seems approachable rather than to the entire group.
· Respond quickly and thank your contacts for any information and help.
Using Blogs
Blogs are a great vehicle for expressing opinions and ideas. Many profes-
sionals and industry experts use blogs to interact and share information.
A blog is a Web log, an online journal that the author uses to periodically
post a commentary on a topic or a description of events. Blogs also
The Basics
encourage online discussions as people can post comments on the blogs
they read. Blogs can assist you in your job search as well as being enjoy-
able to read or even write as a matter of interest. Read blogs to discover
information that can lead you to potential job leads or information that
can help you access the hidden job market. Post comments on a blog to
connect to the author or others who have also commented on the blog.
Cybersearch You could find yourself exchanging comments and ideas with people
working in companies and industries of interest to you and learning more
about how to find a job in your field.
You could also consider writing your own blog. If done well, a blog could
make you stand out in the eyes of employers by showcasing your skills,
knowledge, experience, professional attitude and your ability to write.
Using Social Networks
Social networks are online sites that allow you to stay connected to other
people and make new connections. You can complete an online profile
and invite other people, commonly referred to as “friends” or “contacts”,
to join your network. Once someone joins your network you can easily
The Basics
see what they are up to, view their recent activities, learn about their

73
interests, post a message or email them. You can view your friends’
contacts and potentially connect to them as well. Specific groups also
exist on social networking sites that revolve around common interests,
work, locations or schools among others. Basically, the opportunity to
connect with others, meet new people and maintain these connections is
limitless.
If you are part of the Web 2.0 generation it is highly likely that
you already participate in an online social network such as Facebook
(www.facebook.com) or MySpace (www.myspace.com). The concept of
Cybersearch using social networks as a fun way of sharing information with your
friends and family is probably not new. But have you thought about how
these sites could help your job search? Apart from the fun and social
aspect of these sites, they can serve as excellent sources for employment
networking and accessing the hidden job market.
Consider how easy it is to make new friends on a site such as Facebook.

It can be just as easy to make networking contacts with respect to your
job search. In fact it is more than likely that someone in your current list
Action
of friends has some relevant information or has a contact themselves that
could help you in your job search. Make sure your friends and contacts
know you are looking for a job and invite them to share any information
with you that might be helpful. Keep abreast of your friends’ activities and
watch out for anything that could lead to hidden job market information
- job leads, company or contact information, insight into industries and
careers, advice on job search strategies, etc. Monitor your friends’ lists of
contacts and the communication they make with your friends - is there
someone who works at a company or industry that you are interested
Star Move in or knows somebody who does? Invite that person to be part of your
contact list or ask your friend to facilitate a connection between the two
of you. Seek out and join the specific groups that exist within these social
networking sites to connect you with people who share common interests,
work and career goals to expand your network of contacts. In the same
way that you can find out what the hottest club is or find a new friend who
shares your love of reading, so too can you discover job leads or make
contact with someone in your industry.
And don’t forget that there are other social networks besides Facebook.
LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com) and ysn.com are social networking sites
that are focused on business and work connections and allow you to build
a professional identity that can show potential employers and business
contacts your skills and knowledge.

74
Think Before you Post: Don’t Jeopardize Your Job Search

The downside to using social networks and blogs is that the lines between
personal and professional lives are blurring. Employers are using these
Warning sites to access personal information about potential employees in order
to assist them in making hiring decisions. Many employers are checking
Facebook profiles of job applicants and have even rescinded job offers
due to information they have found online about the candidate. So when
you are about to post that hilarious picture of you and your friends getting
carried away at last night’s party, think twice. Should an employer come
across any behaviour or expressed opinions that are offensive or unethical,
even if it is not work related, it can seriously jeopardize your job search
and career success. Cases have even been reported of employees losing
their jobs due to information they have posted online. Remember, what
you deem as innocent fun or personal expression can be perceived by an
employer as unprofessional.
Make use of the privacy settings available to you on social networking

sites to restrict access to your profile, and to your list of contacts if your
Star Move friends are posting embarrassing or revealing details about you. The best
advice is to try to maintain a professional image at all times and consider
the consequences should an employer read your online profile, comments
or blogs. Think before your post.
Don’t Get Caught in CyberSpace!

You may be thinking of the Internet as the answer to all your job search
dilemmas. Don’t get trapped by cyberspace myths! Although the Internet
is a great job search resource you cannot rely on it alone. Finding a
Warning job is not as easy as clicking a mouse. Even with all the job posting Web
sites out there, the hidden job market still represents 80% of employment
opportunities. So don’t give up networking and your traditional job search
techniques in favour of an online search. You should take a combined
approach to your job search, incorporating the techniques described in this
this book.
Remember that you are dealing with people, not just computers, and you
will not likely receive a job offer without first meeting or speaking with
an employer. In the end it will be your ability to interact with people,
be it in interviews, or while networking, that will make your job search
successful.
Get the job:
The interview
Get The Job:
The Interview
Great News...You Have An Interview!
You receive the telephone call you have been anticipating - you are being
asked to go in for an interview. While you will obviously be excited
and just happy about the opportunity, there are a few things you should
remember to ask about to ensure that you are well prepared:
· Know the time and date of the interview

· Know the exact location and ask for directions if necessary
· Find out the name(s) and title(s) of your interviewer(s)
· Ask for a telephone number in case of emergency
Star Move · Find out if there is anything in particular you need to take with you
· Ask if there will be any special testing
· Ask for any advice on how to prepare
Make note of any information you are given and repeat the details to
the caller for verification if necessary. Enthusiastically state that you are
looking forward to the interview and thank them for their time.
Be Prepared
All of us, whether it is our first or tenth interview, are a little nervous.
Here are a few points that may help to make your interview less stressful
and more successful.
1. Get plenty of sleep the night before so you will be mentally fresh.
Star Move 2. Time how long it will take you to get to the interview if necessary so
you will be on time.
3. Learn as much as you can about the company and the job.
Knowing something about each will help you answer and ask relevant
questions. Conduct some research.
4. Examine the job description and identify the skills required for the job
and how they match the skills you have to offer.
78
5. Prepare answers to the most common questions, including examples
demonstrating that you have the skills required for the job.
6. Practise your responses out loud to a friend or yourself. You’ll be
surprised at how difficult it can be to verbalize clearly what you are
thinking in your head.
7. Prepare a list of questions you want to ask the interviewer.
8. Prepare your wardrobe in advance. The morning of the interview is not
the time to discover that you have a stain on your only tie or you forgot
to have your suit dry cleaned.
Your Interview Kit...What To Take With You

Take the following items with you to the interview. You will look
professional and the employer will be impressed to see you came prepared.
· Additional copies of your resume - the interviewer may have forgotten to

Action bring your resume to the meeting room, Human Resources may not have
provided them with a copy or there may be more than one person involved
in the interview.
· Copies of your references - they may ask for this or you may offer to
provide them with a copy.
· Notebook and pen - you may need to make note of something.
· Letters of recommendation - you may want to leave these with them.
· Copies of transcripts, diplomas, certificates - you may be required to
provide these to the interviewer.
· Portfolio/work samples if applicable - you make be asked to show
samples of your work. If not you could offer to show them at an
appropriate time during the interview.
· Questions for the employer - write down your questions in case you can’t
remember them all.
· A completed employment application form - if you are asked to complete
an application form you can use this as a master copy to make sure you
have all the details about your employment history and are able to fully
complete the form. CACEE has produced a generic application
form which you can access at www.cacee.com/form.html.
· Briefcase or professional looking folder - to carry the above items. Forgo
your favourite knapsack for this occasion.
First Impressions Count
Preparation is the secret to interview success!

Remember
79
Here are some tips for making a professional first impression:
· Be on time. It’s a good idea to arrive 10 minutes early.

· Dress should be appropriate to the company’s image and the job. For
Star Move women, a suit is best but a skirt and blouse are also appropriate. Avoid
excessive make-up or jewelry. For men, again, a suit is best but trousers
and jacket are also acceptable with a shirt and tie. For both men and
women, if you mix your clothes, be sure they match. Clothing should be
clean and pressed, shoes polished, nails clean and hair neat.
· Enter confidently and with a smile. Shake hands firmly when the
interviewer offers to do so. Do not sit until you are asked to.
· Body language speaks loudly. Keep hands relaxed. Avoid excessive hand
motions and don’t let fidgeting betray nervousness.
· Maintain eye contact and lean slightly forward toward the interviewer.
· Smile, be warm and personable.
· Try not to repeatedly say “um,” “uh,” or “like.”
· Listen attentively and speak clearly.
· Don’t use one word answers, use examples to back up your statements
(see “The Behavioural Based Interview” on page 81 to learn how to
formulate effective examples).
· Be positive - avoid negative examples and words like hate, dislike, etc.
· Do not chew gum, eat or drink, even when waiting to be called.
Most interviewers make their mind up about a candidate

within the first 5 minutes of the interview. This decision is
mostly based on non-verbal cues. Body language, appearance
Remember and attitude go a long way!
Telephone Interviews
Telephone interviews are becoming a common first step for many compa-
nies. They are often used as a screening interview to test communication
skills. They are also sometimes used when a company is in another city
and they do not want to invest in travel costs until they have determined
The Basics that the candidate has the basic skills they are seeking. Treat a telephone
interview with the same importance as an in-person interview.
Tips for Effective Phone Interviews

80
· Schedule a time for the call to avoid an impromptu phone interview
· Confirm who will be calling and the length of the interview
· Ensure you are in a quiet place for the call, as distractions and noise
will detract from the quality of the phone conversation
Star Move · Try to avoid using your cell phone for the interview; quality of reception
can be unpredictable with some cell phones
· Keep a note pad and copy of your resume in front of you during the call
· Disregard call waiting on your phone
· Use an enthusiastic tone of voice; you are unable to make a visual first
impression so your voice inflection, tone and clarity are very important
· Think about your answers before responding, but let the interviewer know
why there is dead air: “Let me just think about that for a moment.”
Preparation Tip: If you are wondering how you sound on the phone, call
your own number and leave a long voice message. Play it back and critique
the tone and inflection of your voice.
“Tell Me About Yourself”

You know it’s coming - the dreaded “So, tell me about yourself” question.
So be prepared to answer it. Prepare a job search statement, or verbal
resume, about yourself. You want to tell the employer who you are in a
way that will make sense to them - in other words why they should hire
Action you. Include the skills you possess which are needed for the job and
sell your strong points. The points in your job search statement will be the
basis for the answers to all your interview questions.
You may want to include any of the following:

· Your diploma or other training and relevant courses
· Specific skills applicable to the job
· Work experience and accomplishments
· Extracurricular activities, especially those relevant to the job or skills
· Goals (short term and achievable)
Do not pass up this chance to sell yourself! Remember, when you tell the
employer about yourself it’s like answering the question “Why should I
hire you?” Your job search statement also works for similar questions:
What can you contribute to this job?
What are your strengths?
What qualities should I know about you?

81
Virtually every question in an interview is essentially asking

the same thing - why should they hire you? Make sure you
Remember
know the answer!
The Behavioural Based Interview

A recent trend employers are using for hiring is the behavioural interview.
This type of interviewing is based on the belief that the best way to predict
how a candidate will perform in the future is by knowing how he or
she has performed in the past. Therefore questions run along the lines of
“What did you do…?” rather than “What would you do..?” This requires
The Basics
you to answer these types of questions with stories, citing specific situa-
tions and examples from the past, what you did and what the outcomes
were.
Examples of behavioural questions might be:

· Tell me about a time when you showed
- initiative
- leadership
- adaptability
- teamwork
· Tell me about a project you’ve had to complete on your own.
· Tell me about a time when you had to analyze information and make a
recommendation.
· Describe a time when you’ve had to deal with
- a difficult customer
- a difficult co-worker
When answering behavioural questions remember to follow these

STAR steps:
S - Explain the Situation
T - Outline the Task that needed to be done
A - Describe the Action, what you did (focus here on the skills you used)
R - Say what the Results were - make sure they’re positive
Star Move
If you follow the STAR steps when answering interview questions, even
if you are not asked to give an example, you will be demonstrating your
skills, how you have used them and therefore how you will use them in
your new job!
Preparation Tip: Analyze the job description and identify the key skill
82
areas the position requires. If you don’t have a description, find one for
a similar position by searching job posting sites. See page 69 for a list of
these sites. Rank the skill areas in order of importance. Anticipate what the
Star Move employer may ask, based on the skill areas you have identified, and pre-
pare concise answers that include examples using the STAR methodology.
Use examples from work experience, volunteer work, education, sports
and extra curricular activities.
Note which qualifications you have and how you can prove
them! Think of specific stories and examples from your
background which demonstrate these skills.
Remember
“What Are Your Weaknesses?”

When answering this question, choose something that wouldn’t affect your
ability to do the job. Then quickly move on to explain how you are
improving in that area and remain positive about the progress.
For example: “As you may have noticed, English is my second language.
Star Move
Although I am confident in my language skills, I do need to make addi-
tional efforts to ensure that my English writing abilities are above standard.
Therefore, when drafting correspondence, I may refer to a dictionary or
thesaurus, use standard templates or request a colleague’s proofreading
skills. I realize that English writing skills are very important, so I try to
focus more attention in this area to continuously improve myself.”
Other Questions You May Be Asked

What is your most memorable accomplishment?
Why did your choose this company?
Where do you see yourself in 5 years?
How has your education prepared you for this job?
Why did you leave your last job?
Have you ever had to deal with multiple tasks and deadlines?
Tell me about a challenge you have faced.
Tell me about a time you have worked as part of a team.
Tell me about a mistake you have made.
Why did you choose your school and program of study?
Describe a situation in which you had to lead a group.

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While it is important to practise, it is impossible to predict
every question you will be asked. Instead of just memorizing
stock answers make sure you have a good understanding of
Remember your skills and how they match the requirements for the job.
They Can’t Ask That, Can They?

An employer may want to know as much about you as possible but
there are some things that they do not need to know and which may in
fact be illegal for them to ask whether in person, on the phone or on
an application form. In Ontario, inappropriate questions include those
asking about your:
Warning
· Heritage - nationality, ethnic origin, birthplace, proof of citizenship
· Race or colour - including eyes, skin, hair, etc.
· Religion or creed
· Age - including birth certificates, baptismal records etc.
· Sex - male or female, including pregnancy, childbirth
· Marital or family status - children, married, divorced, single, etc.
· Handicap or disability
· Language - mother tongue, language training (unless it is a requirement
of the job)
· Pardoned convictions - criminal record, arrests
· Sexual orientation
· Affiliations - clubs or organizations (unless related to the nature of the
position)
If you are asked any of these questions the best thing to do is to avoid
answering the question directly. Try not to get defensive which would
only make the situation worse. Simply state in a professional manner that
the details they have asked for would in no way affect your ability to
do the job and restate your relevant skills. For example, if asked if you
are going to have children you could say, “I plan to pursue a career and
commit to my job whether or not I have a family.”
Please note that some specific exceptions do apply. To learn more about
Employment and Human Rights go to this site:
www.ohrc.on.ca/en/resources/Guides/hiring/view
Accommodation
Cyber-Search
84
If you have a disability that requires accommodation during the interview
process, you may want to disclose your disability to the employer. This is
to ensure that you are able to not only attend the interview but also be able
to answer questions or perform tests in a fair and equitable manner. It is
the employer’s legal responsibility to accommodate your disability both
during the interview and on the job should you be hired.
Be sure to find out if there are any special tests that you will have to
perform at the interview. If you have any accommodation requirements
you need let your interviewer know. Explain that with your usual
accommodations your ability to do the job will be unaffected.
To get tips on whether to disclose a disability go to the Workink site at
www.workink.com/ and look for Articles For Work Seekers With A
Disability.
Cyber-Search Testing
Many organizations and employers are turning to pre-employment tests as
a way of determining which candidates are best suited for the job. They use
these tests to measure a number of traits and qualities. The most common
types of tests are:
1. Personality tests - measure you personality traits

The Basics 2. Integrity tests - also a type of personality test that rates your honesty
and reliability
3. Skills tests - job specific tests that assess your ability to perform a
relevant task (e.g. typing test)
4. Aptitude tests - measure your general intellectual ability and often
include comprehension, logic and math items
5. Work samples and simulations - an enactment of what you would do in
the job
6. Work styles or traits tests - involves asking questions that get at how
you like to work
7. Specific knowledge tests - helps to find out how much you know about
your subject area
You may believe tests cannot be truly measure your skills or whether you
are a good fit for the job. You may be right. However, keep in mind that if
you do not take a test you are basically turning down the job.
Try not to think of the test as a trap or a way to detect your shortcomings.
Warning
With an increased focus on Human Rights and equality, employers are
85
more often using tests to ensure fair and equitable hiring practices. Think
of the test as something that gives you as fair a chance of getting the job
as the next person.
Tips For Taking Tests
We all hate tests and an interview is stressful enough without one. But
here are a few tips to help you get through it with success.
· Make sure you have made arrangements for any accommodations you
require (see page 84).
· Listen to and read ALL instructions carefully before starting.
· Know what the rules of the testing platform are. Will you be penalized
for wrong answers more than if you left the question unanswered? Are
Star Move you allowed to go back to a previous question and change your answer or
do you have just one shot at it (for computerized tests)?
· Do the easy questions first - when you have a time limit it’s best to get
easy questions out of the way and then come back to the harder ones.
· Try to choose answers that show you have positive attributes and avoid
those that may make you seem like a negative person.
· Don’t appear inflexible - watch out for words like “always” and “never”.
· Answer as the ideal candidate would - based on your research of the
company and the job, how would the person they want for the job
answer?
· Watch for repeated questions - some tests will ask the same question or
a variation of it several times. If you answer differently each time you
will look inconsistent.
Some Sample Test Questions
To help you know what you might face, here are some sample test
questions and in brackets what trait they are testing.
· When purchasing something the cashier accidentally charges you less

than the actual cost of the item. Do you tell him/her? (honesty)
· Do you always believe that family is more important than work?
(commitment to the job)
· A healthy co-worker calls in sick to make up for unpaid overtime. Do
you consider this person honest? (honesty, integrity)
· What would be the next 3 numbers in this sequence - 1,3,5,7,9,11?
(logic)
“Do You Have Any Questions For Us?”
86
Close to the end of the interview you will be asked if you have any
questions for your interviewers. Your answer should always be yes! Never
go into an interview without questions - you will appear uninterested in the
position and company. But make sure your questions are informed ones -
they should not be ones that could have easily been answered with a little
Star Move
research. Nothing turns an employer off more than a question like “What
does the company do?” Your questions should fill in the gaps that are left
after you have done your research into the company and the job.
Some Sample Questions To Ask The Employer
· What are some of the immediate challenges of this position (and

department)?
· I understand you have just closed a deal with Johnson Co. Would this be
one of the projects I will be working on?
· What qualities do successful employees possess at this company?
· How does the company feel about professional development?
· How will my performance be evaluated?
· If I meet or exceed your expectations, would there be an opportunity to
return for a second work term?
· Have you ever hired a former co-op student as a regular employee?
Questions NOT To Ask
Probably the first question that comes to your mind is “How much money
will I get paid?” You should, however, avoid asking questions about salary,
benefits and vacation entitlement. Asking these questions may make you
appear more interested in money and time off than the job itself. Save
these questions until after you have been given the job offer. Once the
Warning employer has decided that you are the person for the job you are in a
much better position to negotiate these things and decide if they meet your
requirements.
Closing The Deal

As the interview comes to a close you may be tempted to run for the
door. Don’t! Close the interview as if you were closing a sale. Take the
opportunity to wrap it up with a final recap of the job’s description and
requirements and how your skills match them directly. Establish what the
next step is in the decision making process and when you can expect to
Star Move hear from them. Thank them for their time and make a confident exit.
A Word About References
87
Always ask the person you would like to use as a reference for permission
to do so, and discuss what that individual will say about you if contacted
by a prospective employer. Do they see your strengths and weaknesses
as you see them? Choose someone who has witnessed your work, your
skills and your knowledge for the job for which you are applying. Once
The Basics you have selected and informed your references prepare a Reference List
(separate from your resume) with the name, title, business address and
telephone number of two or three of them. You can provide this list to
employers when requested.
It’s a good idea to give your references a copy of your resume and make
sure they are aware of the position you are looking for and which of your
skills the job requires. This way they will be prepared for most questions
and will know what they should be selling about you.
Star Move
Although it is common to do so you do not necessarily need to use your
immediate supervisor. In fact this may be a bad idea should you and your
boss not see eye to eye. Select someone who you KNOW is going to
speak favourably of you. Even one negative comment can cost you the
job. Consider another person in the company who you performed duties
for or helped with a project, college instructors, clients, co-workers etc.
Warning Avoid using family members as references.
Always get permission from your references before providing their

names and contact information to an employer.
Remember
A Few Interesting Links About Interviews...
www.job-interview.net
www.quintcareers.com/intvres.html
www.collegegrad.com/intv
www.cdm.uwaterloo.ca/step4_4.asp
www.workopoliscampus.com
Cyber-Search www.campusaccess.com/campus_web/career/c3job_inter.htm
interview.monster.ca/
www.interviewcoach.com
www.northeastern.edu/lifescicoop/students/documents/interviews.pdf

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Interview Follow-Up: The Thank You Letter
Always follow-up within 24 hours of the interview (employment or
informational) with a thank you letter. The thank you letter is another
marketing piece you can use to sell your skills. It shows the employer you
Star Move are courteous, organized and serious about obtaining a job with them.
Sample Thank You Letter
Address
City, Province
Postal Code
Date
Action Ms. Joanne Smith

Title
Company Name
Address
City, Province
Postal Code
Dear Ms. Smith:
Paragraph 1. Thank the individual for the interview. State the date of your meeting and the
position (if it was a job interview). Mention one or two things that the interviewer and you
discussed during the interview.
It was a pleasure to meet with you on Tuesday to discuss the Customer Service Representative position.
I enjoyed learning more about ABC Company’s mission, products and services and clientele. I was
particularly interested in your training philosophy for new hires.
Paragraph 2. Briefly state something about your unique qualifications that will provide a good
match and benefit the company. You may also provide any relevant information, which was not
mentioned in the interview.
My prior sales and customer service experience along with my leadership and organization skills will
enable me to be a successful manager at ABC Company. I am also a resourceful problem solver and
would enjoy the many challenges that the position offers.
Paragraph 3. Reaffirm your interest in the position and the company and restate your appreciation
for the interview.
Thank you again for taking the time to talk to me. I look forward to hearing from you with respect to an
employment offer. I can be reached at (416) 555-5555 or by email at ________.
Or if it is a co-op job - I can be reached via the Centennial College Co-op Department at (416)
289-5209.
Sincerely,
(remember to sign your letter)

Your first and last name

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The Job Offer
Graduates
Congratulations! All your hard work has paid off - you’ve received a job
offer! It’s time to consider a few things. Is this job going to help you
achieve your career and personal goals? Does it meet your basic financial
requirements?
As a recent grad you may be tempted to take any job you are offered.
But even though you are anxious to start earning a living you should not
blindly accept a job without having all the information you need in
Warning order to make a sound decision. Some important things to consider are:
· Start date
· Job title and responsibilities
· Work hours and days/overtime
· Opportunities for promotion
· Salary, compensation, bonus structure and earning potential
Research · Benefits package (life, medical and dental insurance coverage)
· Training/professional development
· Vacation/sick days
· Location/travel required
· Working conditions and culture of the company
Don’t just assume that these areas will be to your satisfaction. Confirm all
of this information with the employer and negotiate if necessary.
Co-op Students
Offers of employment for the work term will generally be made through
the Co-op office (for jobs advertised here).
If you are offered a position, you have 48 hours to accept or decline the
Action offer. However, students may only decline one position per semester. If a
student declines more than one offer, he/she will no longer be able to use
the services of the Co-op Department.
When you have accepted an offer of employment, the Co-op Department

will prepare a letter of acceptance for you to sign. We will forward this
to the company.
You should contact your co-op employer to confirm your start date and
ask any other questions you may have about employment conditions.
90
Making Rejection A Positive Experience
Rejection happens to everybody. The trick is to not get discouraged but
try to turn rejection into a positive experience. Thank the employer for
considering you and ask for feedback so you can improve your resume
or interview performance. Ask for any suggestions he or she has and the
Star Move names of people or organizations who might require your skills.
Realize that you have gained valuable practice in selling your skills to
potential employers. You are one step closer to polishing your interview
technique!
Think of every interview as a learning experience. Stay

positive, motivated and enthusiastic. Success is right around
Remember the corner!

On-the-job
success
On-the-Job Success
Tips For Success
Your co-op and career success depends on your ability to manage the
changes required to work productively and in harmony with employers
and co-workers. There’s no question that a positive attitude and good
Star Move work habits will play a significant role.
With any new job, you’ll be considered the “new kid on the block”! To fit
in quickly and easily, recognize the importance of:
· Dressing to suit your work environment

· Arriving at and leaving work at the appropriate time each day
· Showing your enthusiasm for the job
· Using time productively
· Getting along with others within the organization
· Understanding the difference between college and the workplace
Keep these simple strategies in mind:
Get to know your colleagues - their names, what their responsibilities are
and how your job relates to them. Concentrate on doing your job well and
learning as much as you can, as quickly as possible. You may not receive
Star Move an extended training period and employers may expect you to learn on
the fly. If doing the job right means putting in extra hours, consider it
a good investment - promotions take time and effort and recognition of
skills requires results.
Pay close attention to the details of your job as well as the procedures
within the organization. When confronted with problems, be prepared to
offer suggestions for solutions. Working with people to solve problems
is a wonderful opportunity to learn. Try to be resourceful - use the
information you have available to you and try to think through a problem
without running for help as soon as you come across a challenge.
94
Be honest. It’s okay to admit you don’t know the answer to something or
that you have made a mistake. You will earn the respect of your colleagues
for your honesty and willingness to learn. Just be sure to think things
through and try all the angles before giving up and attempt to think of a
solution to rectify any error you have made.
Be open minded. Never assume that others are operating according to

your standards, your goals or your rules. Remember that people have
diverse backgrounds, experiences, values and beliefs that motivate thier
actions. Look at these differences as an opportunity to learn. Listen to and
consider your co-workers’ points of view before making decisions. Having
said this, you should not follow anyone blindly - get all the facts you need
in order to make an informed decision.
Keep up-to-date and informed about new developments, new technology

and changes in your field as they relate to your job. Your solid knowledge
base will be reflected in sound decisions and a job well done.
You Need An Attitude Adjustment!

Work is going to be considerably different from what you are used to at
college. It is necessary to recognize the areas that require an adjustment in
attitude in order to succeed. Some adjustments might include:
Warning
Regular, fixed hours - You may be used to a varied class schedule at
college but most jobs have regular hours (i.e. 9-5, Monday to Friday). You
may not be able to sleep in on Friday mornings anymore!
Attendance - You will be expected to show up at work every day unless

you have a valid reason. You will not be able to take days off without
having to answer to someone or without affecting the team.
Working with others - This is one area where your college education will
assist you at work. Your many group assignments will help you be a team
player on the job. But, you may not be able to choose your teammates as
you often are able to do in class. You need to be extra tactful when dealing
with co-workers who may affect your future career success.
Strict deadlines - It is true that you always have due dates for your
assignments at school. But how many of you have not, now and again,
handed an assignment in late or asked for an extension? After all, it’s up
to you if you can handle losing a few marks, right? At work, however, you
will not have this luxury. Your inability to meet deadlines will affect not
only yourself, but your co-workers, department and organization.
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Email Etiquette
Effective communication is the key to success in both finding and
maintaining a job. Successful people can communicate effectively both
when speaking and in written form. You should present emailed
information in a professional manner, just as you would in person and
when using other forms of business communication.
It is important to distinguish how you communicate via email in

professional settings with employers or coworkers and how you do so
with friends and family. For example, text messaging abbreviations such
as “U”= you, “R”= are, etc. are not accepted as business communication.
Star Move The use of correct spelling and proper grammar, including punctuation
and capitals is imperative to effective communication in a work setting.
Keep the recipient in mind when composing an email. Use the same words
and tone you would when speaking directly with the person (e.g. your
friend vs. your boss). Your professionalism and potential will be seriously
questioned if you are perceived as someone who is unable to write well or
who does not know how to communicate on an appropriate level.
When stating actions that you would like the recipient to take, try to make
requests rather than orders. Be as polite in email communications as you
would be in person. Too often people allow themselves to forget manners
and use sarcasm, rudeness and express explicit anger when emailing.
Warning When dealing with conflict or complex situations, an email may not be
appropriate; consider a face-to-face discussion where misinterpretations
are less likely to occur. If you are angry about an issue, wait a while
until you cool down before sending an email - you will likely avoid
compromising your work relationships and reputation. Like any other form
of correspondence, emails can leave a lasting impression in the workplace.
It can get difficult to stay abreast of replying to all the emails that you
receive within the same day but try to get back to people promptly. Usually,
it would be polite to respond as quickly as you would to a phone message.
If you are going to be away, set up an automatic reply notifying senders
of your absence, when you will be back and perhaps an alternate person
they can contact.
Read your emails carefully and when responding, address the issues raised
by your recipient concisely. It is annoying to get a reply that does not
answer the question that was asked. To avoid confusion, be clear about the
actions you want the recipient to take. Keep emails as brief as possible
- nobody likes a long email. It may be appropriate to include extensive
Action details on a subject in an attached document.
96
Although it may be tempting, refrain from using company resources for
personal matters. Have your friends email your personal account and wait
until you leave work to check your personal messages. Leave the jokes,
Warning photos and chain mail for home. Your work email account and computer are
property of the company and your employer has the right to read your email
and track keystrokes to detect personal use of resources. If your job requires
communicating with people outside of the company, be sure that you are not
disclosing confidential company information.
Once you click send, you can not retrieve an email. Unlike conversations
that come to an end and only exist in memory unless recorded, an email
can last forever. Be certain that you have addressed your message to the
correct recipient and that you are comfortable with the fact that what
Warning you have written can become a permanent “paper trail” leading back to
you. Remember that emails can also be easily forwarded to people other
than those who you intended them to be for - be careful when sending
confidential information and think again before including unprofessional
comments. Disciplinary action or even termination can occur as a result
of improper email use. Inappropriate use of company resources, disrespect
or mistreatment of co-workers or clients, inappropriate language or subject
matter, and views that are contrary to the philosophy/policies of the
company, are just some examples of email related issues that can jeopardize
your career.
Email is a prolific tool and when used wisely and properly can portray
you as a professional person and excellent communicator. Remember,
communicating effectively is an important step to career success!
Staying Connected - Social Networking

Your ability to network and stay connected to people will play a large part
in your career success. Having a broad network of contacts means you will
be more likely to hear about potential jobs, opportunities for promotion
Star Move and growth areas in the company/industry. Although not the only way to
network, social networking sites such as Facebook, Hi5 or MySpace can
be very useful in this respect. Be sure to read the section on using social
networks in the Online Job Search chapter. Apply the same strategies for
online networking to your career management and you may discover many
opportunities and contacts that can lead to career success.
As helpful as cyber networking can be in career management and

networking, there are a few cautions one should heed when using social
networking Web sites for personal and social purposes. Keep in mind the old

97
saying of refraining from mixing business with pleasure. Because these
sites are primarily thought of as venues for sharing personal information,
it is easy for your judgment to be blurred when it comes to what type
of information is appropriate to share. For example, if you work for
Warning Coke and a Pepsi employee visits your office, you would not share
company secrets with them. However, it is easily forgotten when using
social networking sites that others can view the information you put out
there. Employees have received formal warnings, and may have even been
terminated, for discussing company information with colleagues, friends
and relatives on public networking sites.
Other things to avoid include venting about work issues, ridiculing or

disrespecting colleagues, clients and competitors, and complaining about
your boss and policies and practices at your workplace. It has been argued
that these topics are part of common, harmless, water-cooler chit-chat and
that everyone is entitled to their own opinion in a country like Canada,
where freedom of speech is a valued right. Freedom of speech may well
Warning
be your right, but for the majority of employees who sign an employment
contract, there is usually a clause that states they agree to withhold any
comments or actions that may be perceived as negative or harmful to the
company’s reputation and success. Employees usually forget this fine print
and become engaged in what is commonly known as misconduct and can
be terminated or disciplined because they took water-cooler chit-chat to
a social networking site.
Employers can discover employees engaging in misconduct on social

networking sites by creating their own profiles and either becoming
contacts of their employees or by joining the same discussion groups
and forums as their employees. Even a fellow colleague may discover
misconduct and report it to management. It could also be possible for
clients and competitors to sue companies due to remarks that were made
by an employee on a social networking site.
Most structured social networking Web sites offer privacy settings to

users. These settings can be adjusted to allow or disallow other members
of the Web site to view a user’s personal information, messages to other
members, group memberships and other information. It is a good idea to
adjust your privacy settings on these sites, just in case!
Action Keeping in touch with present or former colleagues, friends and relatives
via social networking Web sites is a good thing, as long as conversations
stay away from confidential business related topics.

98
Diversity And Global Citizenship At Work
Ready to change the world? At Centennial, you are exposed to an inclusive
learning environment that is designed to enable you with the knowledge,
skills and attitudes to value diversity, promote social justice and become
socially responsible in both local and global communities. Now is the time
to start thinking about how you can take this Signature Learning Experience
to the workplace.
As a co-op student you will understandably be primarily focused on learning

and doing a good job. After all, the point of your work term is to get
related work experience and make a good impression on your boss and co-
workers in hopes of opening up options for future job prospects. You may
Action be afraid as a new employee to do anything that will rock the boat or draw
negative attention to yourself. However, nobody is suggesting that you hold
a protest at work, seek out ways to defame your employer or take other
drastic gestures of social justice. As a global citizen, you can approach your
work term with an open mind to the current issues that affect our globe,
look for ways you can get involved, and consider how you can influence and
impart change. Are there any related committees you could volunteer to sit
on? Are there any company events that you could participate in, such as a
local clean-up project or even a fundraising event for countries in conflict?
These are just some of the ways you can be involved without risk to your
job or reputation. Do you have your own suggestion for ways the company
could be more involved? Let your employer know. Just be sure to strike a
balance between these efforts and fulfilling your job responsibilities.
Put to good use your experience interacting with people from diverse
backgrounds. Companies are looking for employees who can assist them in
a global marketplace where business is moving into international markets
and the workplace is becoming multicultural and diverse. Companies need
Star Move to remain competitive and to do so means being culturally competent -
that is, understanding how our beliefs and culture influence our actions and
decisions. Being adaptable, knowledgeable about cultural dimensions and
valuing diversity will allow you to effectively work within cross-cultural
situations with a high level of respect for others.
Utilize your critical thinking skills to work with others in today’s multicul-
tural and multinational business environment. This is expertise that employ-
ers both large and small are looking for. The next generation of workers
has to be prepared to work anywhere and with anyone to get the task at
hand accomplished. Global citizenship is not a catch phrase; it is a business
imperative.
99
Learning Objectives
Every co-op student hopes that the co-op work term will provide a good
learning experience. But what will you learn? What will you achieve
which will enhance your career opportunities? How can you be sure you
will develop technical and business skills? Will you be more marketable
The Basics
as a result of the work term experience? Will you be able to communicate
better with professional staff? The answer, in part, depends on how
effectively you set, and follow-up on, personal learning objectives.
Learning objectives can relate to business, technical or personal skills

which you wish to develop during the work term. Your learning objectives
should reflect areas where you wish to improve personally. They must,
also, reflect the reality of the workplace, your job duties and assignments,
departmental and company goals, etc.
What exactly is a learning objective? It is a specific, measurable

statement of what you would like to learn, accomplish or improve on
during your work term.
How To Set Objectives

Here are some guidelines for developing effective learning objectives:
1. Set only a few, important objectives. Trying to accomplish too much

Action by setting a long list of objectives may frustrate you and result in
failure to meet your objectives.
2. Make each objective specific, measurable and achievable. Write it
down so you can review it regularly.
3. Establish a specific time frame for activities of each objective.
4. Review the duties described in the job description and the information
you gathered in the interview to relate your initial objectives to the
nature of the job. Then, at the start of the work term, you will be
prepared to discuss your initial objectives with your supervisor. Your
objectives can then be refined with the help of your supervisor, who
should approve them.
5. Review your objectives regularly and assure you are meeting your
timelines and expectations.
6. Be prepared to alter an objective if changing job duties or assignments
make it difficult to accomplish your original objective.
7. At the end of your work term reflect on the objectives you have met or
exceeded. Be sure your resume reflects your accomplishments.

100
Here are a few examples:
“I will save money for my next school term.” - a poorly stated objective
because it is not specific or measurable. Restate as follows: “I will save
$200 each week during the work term resulting in an overall savings of
$3200 at the end of my 16 week work term”.
“I will learn to use Microsoft Access.” - a poorly stated objective because

activities are not specified and there are no measures stated. Restate as
follows: “I will complete a CBT course in MS Access and learn to design a
table, develop queries and create forms, reports and charts.”
“I will practise making group presentations.” - a poorly stated objective

because there are no activities and timelines to measure. Restate as
follows: “I will present a summary of my activity and progress each Friday
at the department status meeting. At the end of the work term I will
make a 15 minute PowerPoint presentation of my work term project at the
Managers’ meeting.”
Objectives Are SMART

To remember how to set good objectives think of the SMART formula:
S - Specific
Star Move M - Measurable
A - Attainable
R - Realistic
T - Timebound
Make Learning Objectives Work On The Job

One of the key activities at the start of your work term will be to establish
targets or objectives that you will be responsible for accomplishing in
your job. Your supervisor will expect you to work with him/her to define
what must be done, how performance will be measured, what standard of
Star Move
performance is expected, what deadlines will exist for activities and the
relative importance of the goals for your job. This is an appropriate time
to discuss incorporating your learning objectives into goal setting for the
work term. Such mutual goal setting is common in many companies and is
part of a process called Management by Objectives.

101
Employer Expectations
Your employer will not expect you to be an expert in your field but they
will be looking for certain elements in your performance:
· Be keen, eager to learn and enthusiastic about the job

The Basics · Be able to learn quickly and use available resources
· Be a team player/willing to help
· Be a good communicator
· Be friendly and enthusiastic
· Have good attendance and punctuality
· Follow instructions/listen effectively/ask intelligent questions
· Be accurate and able to meet deadlines
· Have respect for others and treat people equitably
Meeting Expectations
There are certain things you can do that will help you meet your
employer’s expectations. Here are some tips:
· Take an appointment book/planner and notebook with you. Recording

Star Move important dates will help you meet deadlines and making note of your
tasks will save you from asking your employer to repeat instructions.
· Ask only intelligent questions - those that are clearly stated and show
you have tried to resolve a problem but now need specific help
· Listen and learn from your co-workers.
· Reach out to others and make friends.
· Read handbooks and other information carefully.
· Do the right thing - act with honesty, integrity, fairness and respect.
· Don’t be a clock watcher! You will not look enthusiastic about the job if
you bolt for the door right at the end of the day and not a minute later.
· Take initiative to ask for more responsibilities.
· Limit personal calls and turn your cellular phone off when at work.
· Use email and Internet access for business purposes only.
Performance Evaluations
As with any job, your performance will be evaluated in order to measure
how well you are meeting expectations and objectives. For your co-op
work term, your employer will complete an evaluation form which will
count towards 60% of your work term grade. The other 40% of your mark
The Basics
comes from your Work Term Report (see page 107).

102
Sample Performance Evaluation Form

103

104
To make sure you receive a good mark on your performance evaluation,
clarify your employer’s expectations. What one employer considers a B
performance may only be a C to another employer. It’s a good idea to tie
Star Move your learning objectives (page 99) in with the areas you’ll be rated on in
the performance evaluation. You should also arrange a meeting half-way
through your work term at which time you can review the evaluation form
and your performance to date with your employer. This way you will know
where you stand long before you receive your final mark and will have the
chance to improve on areas of weakness.
You Have Expectations Too!

With hard work and dedication comes some wonderful benefits. You, too,
will have your expectations met if you approach the job with the right
attitude and professionalism. Some of these expectations may be:
Action
· To gain experience related to your major
· To learn new skills
· To make money
· To develop future opportunities for your next work term or as a graduate
· To have fun and make friends
· To build a network of contacts to aid you in your future job search
· To be challenged and contribute by doing meaningful work
· To work in an inclusive, equitable environment free of discrimination
Your work term is a learning experience and the amount that

you learn depends on how much effort you put into it. Do
not overlook this great opportunity to gather knowledge and
Remember skills that will help guide your future career.
A Few Interesting Links About On-The-Job Success...

www.cafce.ca/pages/cooptips.php
content.monster.ca/section2323.asp
Cyber-Search

The work
term report
The Work Term Report
The Purpose Of The Work Term Report
The work term report gives students an opportunity to demonstrate
their writing skills to their work term employer. You should seize this
opportunity to make a favourable impression on the employer.
The Basics A good work term report demonstrates planning, organization and
presentation skills as well as written clarity, analytical criticism and
professionalism. Satisfactory evaluations are required for each work term
report and a work report must be submitted at the end of every work
term.
Selecting The Topic

Probably the most difficult task in writing a work report is deciding on
the topic. Start searching early in your term for a suitable topic and gather
information and background material. Often your supervisor or manager
Research will suggest a topic that the company would like investigated.
Your report must NOT merely be a “user guide”, a technical description

or an informational report. It must contain your own ideas and be a
critical analysis of your topic. An ideal topic would allow you to identify
problems, provide analysis of those problems, offer alternative solutions
to each problem, analyze each solution and summarize the solution that
you are recommending.
Confidential Reports
You should try to find a topic that will allow your report to be submitted
to the College for evaluation. In some circumstances, however, your
employer will find that your report is CONFIDENTIAL and cannot leave
Warning company premises. In these cases you should notify your Co-op Adminis-
trator who will contact your employer and arrange to evaluate your report
at the company.
108
Components Of The Work Term Report
Your report will contain these sections (see an explanation of each below):
1. Front Cover
The Basics 2. Title Page
3. Letter of Submittal
4. Table of Contents
5. List of Tables and Figures
6. Summary
7. Conclusion
8. Recommendations
9. Introduction
10. Main Body
11. References
12. Glossary
13. Appendices
1. Front Cover
Your report must be bound within firm (plastic is acceptable) covers and
be held together at the spine. Paper clips, staples, individual rings or spring
clips are not acceptable.
2. Title Page
The title page will expand on the information on the front cover. Center
the information on the title page similar to the Sample Title Page found
on page 112.
3. Letter of Submittal
The letter of submittal is a formal business letter informing the evaluator

about your company, your supervisor/manager, your work responsibilities
and your work report. See the Sample Letter of Submittal on page 113.
4. Table of Contents
The Table of Contents lists all the major sections and subsections of your
report. Use the same numbering system in the Table of Contents and the
Main Body of your report. See the Sample Table of Contents on page 114.

109
5. List of Tables and Figures
These two lists on separate pages follow the same format as the Table
of Contents and list all the tables and figures found in the Main Body of
your report.
6. Summary
The Summary (see page 115) should be written after you have completed
the rest of your report. It summarizes what is found in your entire report
and includes:
· the purpose of your report
· the major points found in the main body of your report
· highlights of the conclusions
· highlights of the recommendations
7. Conclusions
The conclusions state the results of your investigation or analysis. They

should be reported as a sequence of one or two sentence paragraphs. See
the Sample Conclusions on page 116.
8. Recommendations
Recommendations indicate what actions should be taken as a result of your

conclusions and analysis. While recommendations may be speculative,
they should logically follow from the analysis contained in the Main Body
of your report. See the Sample Recommendations on page 117.
9. Introduction
The introduction sets the stage for what is to follow in the Main Body of
your report. It should supply the background required for your analysis,
define the topic, explain why the analysis is important and state the
objectives of your report. The introduction should encourage the reader to
continue. See the Sample Introduction on page 118.
10. Main Body

The analytical component should explain the current situation and discuss
advantages/disadvantages, strengths/weaknesses or comparisons/contrasts.
Next it should develop alternate solutions and an analysis of the
recommendation.

110
When citing literature, you must acknowledge this help in the Reference
section of your report. The main body of your report should not exceed
3,000 words and in most cases should be 10-15 double spaced typed pages.
11. References
This section may also be called the “Bibliography” and lists all the
publications referred to in the Main Body. Use the standard format for
Bibliographies found in the textbooks. You are encouraged to acquire and
refer to the “Centennial College Style Sheet: A Guide to Format and
Documentation” published by the English Department and available in
the Bookstore. This publication will be very helpful in formatting and
documenting your work report.
12. Glossary
Use a glossary of terms only if you have used a lot of specialized or

industry related terms that your intended audience will not understand.
13. Appendices
Appendices should contain supporting information to the points made in

the Main Body of the report. This information could include long tables,
computer output, special reports, maps, etc. If including more than one
appendix, label each appendix consecutively using letters or numbers, for
example: “Appendix A”, “Appendix B”, or “Appendix 1”, “Appendix 2”,
etc. Not all work reports require appendices.
Your work term report is not a description of what your

duties on the job were. It is a report in which you find
a solution to a problem, and make recommendations while
Remember using your analytical skills.
Evaluation And Grading

You will find a sample work report evaluation form on page 119.
Each component of the report represents a percentage of the evaluation.
Graphics and structure of the report are marked on a 3-point scale. Two
The Basics marks are awarded for report items completed as required, one mark for
including the item but with errors or omissions and no marks if the item
is missing.
111
The overall appearance of the report, writing style and contents of the
report involve subjective judgement and subsequent grading on the part
of the evaluator. Students should ensure that they understand what is
expected in each of these areas.
A large component (40%) of the work report grade comes from correct
grammar, spelling and writing style. To ensure a good grade in these
areas, students should get co-workers, supervisors and other friends with
Star Move excellent English skills to proofread their report.
One mark from a maximum of ten is subtracted for each grammatical

error. Two marks from a maximum of twenty are subtracted for each
spelling mistake. If the same word is spelled wrong throughout the entire
report, only two marks will be subtracted.
It is expected that the quality of work term reports will greatly increase on
each subsequent work term, therefore the marks received for the subjec-
tive components of the report will become more difficult to achieve on
the second and third reports. A slightly revised evaluation form is used for
second and third work reports providing more emphasis on report content
and somewhat less on graphics and structure (see page 120).
If you treat the writing of work term reports as an

opportunity to practise and improve your business writing
skills, you will enjoy the rewards throughout your business
Remember career.

112
Sample Work Term Report
CENTENNIAL COLLEGE
CO-OPERATIVE EDUCATION
TAPE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

AND
LIBRARY ROOM LAYOUT
American Express Canada Limited

Markham, Ontario
Prepared by:
Joe Student
3rd Semester
Computer Systems & Networks Technology
September 8, 2008
816-183-024

113
1212-1841 Victoria Park Avenue

M1T 1S9
September 8, 2008
Ms. Kathleen Winningham

Manager, Co-op Education and Employment Resources
Centennial College
P.O. Box 631, Station A
M1K 5E9
Dear Ms. Winningham:
This report entitled “Tape Management Systems and Library Room Layout”, was
prepared as my 3rd semester work report for the IT Department of American
Express. This is my first work term report.
One of the responsibilities of the IT Department is backing up systems to off-load

substantial amounts of temporary data.
The IT Department is headed by Mr. Bob Waterman and is primarily involved

in the maintenance and upgrading of all the information technology used at
American Express. This report is an analysis of the backup system as well as the
layout of the room that stores the backup systems.
This report has been prepared and written by me and has not received any
previous academic credit at this or any other institution. I would like to thank
Mr. Bob Waterman, Mr. Ron Smith and Ms. Anne Black for their assistance in
preparing this document.
Sincerely,
Joe Student
Joe Student
ID 816-183-024

114
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
SUMMARY (i)
CONCLUSIONS (ii)
RECOMMENDATIONS (iii)

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Purpose of Report 2
2.0 CURRENT OPERATING PROCEDURES 3

2.1 Room Layout 3
2.2 Operating Systems 3
2.3 User Interfacing 4
3.0 ANALYSIS OF CURRENT PROBLEMS 5

3.1 Room Layout Problems 5
3.2 Operating System Inefficiencies 7
3.3 User Interfacing Survey 9
4.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS 10

4.1 Alternative Room Layouts 10
4.2 Operating System Enhancements 12
4.3 User Survey Results 13
5.0 ANALYSIS OF RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS 14
6.0 REFERENCES 16
7.0 GLOSSARY OF TERMS 17
APPENDIX 1
New Floor Layout 18
APPENDIX 2
User Survey Questionnaire 19

115
SUMMARY
This report analyzes the current methods of tape storage used in large computer
centres where more than 20,000 tapes may be housed.
Data storage and handling requirements have more than doubled in the past six
years. The library area is now cramped with a higher volume of extra tapes and
users increasingly can not find needed tapes quickly. Incorrect tape mounts have
increased in number. Some labelling errors have been noted.
It was concluded that the current tape management system is not adequate for
tape libraries containing more than 20,000 volumes, for libraries with high
frequency tape movement or for off-site movement of large numbers of tapes.
It is recommended that a cost benefit analysis of the new PTMS system is
undertaken. The brief analysis performed in this report suggests its superiority
to the current system.
(i)

116
CONCLUSIONS
User problems, wrong tape mounts and physical tape errors have increased in
the past six months.
Analysis shows that the current tape management system is inadequate for the
large volume of tape movement and for the large number of tapes held in the
library.
Tape usage has outgrown the current tape management system.
(ii)

117
RECOMMENDATIONS
More physical space is required for the tape library to house the increased number
of tapes and a new storage layout is required.
An in depth cost benefit analysis of the new PTMS system should be undertaken.
(iii)

118
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
In recent years, computer usage in the business world has increased dramatically.
Inventory control, manufacturing, accounting, financial, banking, sales and
marketing applications have been loaded onto computer systems. For each of
these systems there is a need to store data. One storage medium is magnetic
tape.
Magnetic tape allows computer users to off-load amounts of temporary data from
online storage devices such as disks. System and disk backups are also stored on
tape using tape cycling methods.
1.2 Purpose of Report
In this report the current tape management system used on the L/VM1 system
will be analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of the system will be
identified and an upgraded tape management system will be introduced.
Additionally the tape library room layout will be critically analyzed.
<Main body continues on from this point>
-1-

119
Work Report Evaluation Forms

120

Summary:
Things to remember
Summary:
Things to Remember
1. Know yourself! You are selling a product - you and your skills.
Make sure you know the product well.
Remember 2. Know your industry and job! Research! The more you know
the better prepared you will be for all aspects of the job search,
especially where the opportunities are and how you can position your
strengths.
Research 3. Know how your skills match those required for the job!
4. Be your own publicist! Remember, you are marketing yourself.
5. Be proactive! Do not rely only on the advertised job market.
Warning 6. Network! Networking is your way into the hidden job market which
represents 80% of job opportunities.
7. Personalize your job search! Do in-depth research on

companies, allowing you to target a specific company, departments or
The Basics hiring manager and tailor your job search to meet their needs.
8. Follow-up! Maintain consistent contact with the people in your

network. Place a phone call confirming receipt of your resume and
requesting a meeting when applying for a job. Always follow-up offers
of assistance and interviews with a thank you letter.
Action
9. Have a good attitude! Remain positive, show interest, enthusiasm
and initiative.
10. Always be prepared! Preparation gives you the confidence you

Star Move need to succeed.

124
Notes
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Co-op at

Your guide to co-op

Cooperative Education and Employment Resources

Produced by the Co-operative Education and Employment Resources Department of Centennial

Good luck and we look forward to an enjoyable three years.

How This Book Is Organized

This book is the required text for COOP221 - Employment Preplacement,

Centennial College, Cooperative Education and Employment Resources

Your First Step: Who Am I ? ......................................................................... 13

Get Informed: Research! Research! Research! ............................................ 19

Market Yourself: The Tools You Need .......................................................... 27

Online Job Search: Using The Internet ......................................................... 65

On-The-Job Success ..................................................................................... 91

The Work Term Report ............................................................................... 105

Summary: ThingsTo Remember ................................................................ 121

Your guide to co-op

Successful completion of a Co-op Education program enables you to be

Who Will Find Me A Job?

In addition to applying to the jobs posted by the Co-op Department, you

Centennial College, Cooperative Education and Employment Resources

· Constant two-way communication

Responsibilities of Co-op Administrators

Co-op is a team effort - make sure you hold up your end

After Your Work Term

Co-op is learning by doing

Co-op at Centennial: Your Guide to Co-op Eduation and Future Employment

To increase your chances of getting a placement you should

Policies - The Rules Of The Game

Normally the Co-op department will not advertise unpaid (volunteer)

Placement Assistance Conditions

· Students miss an interview without adequate reason

Co-op at Centennial: Your Guide to Co-op Eduation and Future Employment

· When a student has accepted a position with an employer it is the

As a co-op student you have already completed the requirements to enter

Your co-op job works in conjunction with your education,

Does a co-op job have to be full-time?

Can I find my own job?

Why do I have to pay a co-op fee?

If I am offered a job, do I have to accept it?

If I don’t like my co-op job what should I do?

Why are many jobs far away?

Can I put off my work terms until the end of my program?

If my employer wants me to stay on for a double work term can I?

Is it likely that I will be invited back for my next work term by my

Co-op at Centennial: Your Guide to Co-op Eduation and Future Employment

Some Questions To Consider:

What is important to me?

What are my personality strengths?

What kind of work environment do I want?

What type of work do I want?

A guide to building a Skills Inventory:

Think about Outcomes:

A more exhaustive list of transferable skills is available on page 32.

Think about Self-Management Skills (rooted in attitude and behaviour)

Co-op at Centennial: Your Guide to Co-op Eduation and Future Employment

What Are Employers Looking For?

Research Initiative/self-directed and motivated

Centennial College, Cooperative Education and Employment Resources

Cultural competence is commonly defined as a set of congruent behaviours,

Be sure to value and promote any international experience and education

Co-op at Centennial: Your Guide to Co-op Eduation and Future Employment

Research! Research! Research!

Some Things You Need To Know