Deposits in the south of PERU

MINERAL FIELD

Index

1.Introduction .................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

2. Reservoir classification ............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.1. by Origin: .........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2. By its form: ......................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3. For its environment of training ..................................................................................... 4
3. Types of deposits.....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.1 Deposit I OCG

3.2 Deposit PORFIRITICOS

3.3 Deposit SKARN

3.4 Deposit Epithermal

3.5 CARLIN Oilfield

3.6 KUROKO VMS Deposit

4. Conclusions ........................................................................................................................... 8
5. Bibliography .......................................................................................................................... 8

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 MINERAL FIELD

I.-Introduction:

A definition widely used in capitalist economies for about a century is the next "ore is a metallic
mineral an aggregate of metallic minerals, more or less mixed with Ganga, which from the point
of view of the miner can provide economic benefits Or from the point of view of a metallurgical
can be treated giving even greater benefits. "

The Mineral deposits They are forms that show great variations in their shape, size, mineral
content, economic value and origin. Therefore, it is difficult to fit all these factors into own
lockers and, depending on the prevailing factor, will be the type of classification used. In the
systematization of the deposits, they have dominated the classifications By Form and
substanceThe Genetic and lately those of Types of deposits.

Economically exploitable mineral aggregates are called mineralized bodies, ore deposits or ore
reserves.

The words MENA and mineralized body have had different transitions in their meanings, which
are not yet complete, and the newbies should read the context carefully to decipher the
meaning in which a writer is using his words. For example, in Craig (1989), "ore ores" are defined
as those from which metals are extracted, for example, Chalcopyrite and Galena, of which
copper (Cu) and lead (PB) are extracted respectively. Many authors use this term as a synonym
for opaque minerals, which is now a better description for them, as they include pyrite and
Pyrrhotite, minerals that are discarded in the processing of most ores. Craig in his definition no
This Alone, since most economic geologists that have to do with the extractive industries, they
divide the materials that they exploit in "ore ores" and "industrial minerals".

A definition on which there is no discussion is of the "bargain". This is simply unwanted material,
minerals or rocks, in which ore ores are usually among grown. The mines generally have mineral
processing plants in which, the crude ore is ground before the separation of ore ores from the
ore of Ganga by various processes, which provide concentrates of ore and tails coming out of
the bargain.

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 MINERAL FIELD

Ii.-Reservoir classification

2.1.-by Origin:

 Exogenous processes: That is, all those that take place above the Earth's surface, as a
result of the interaction between the rocks and the atmosphere and the hydrosphere.
For example, the oxidation of metals, such as iron, sudden changes in temperature,
dissolution of components.
 Endogenous processes: They are all those that take place below the terrestrial surface,
as a consequence of the processes of release of the internal heat of the planet,
materialized in the tectonics of plates and associated processes, such as the magmatism
and the metamorphism. Examples are the convection of hot air produced from the
radiators in the rooms, and the movement that occurs from the water when heated in
a container.

2.2.-By its form:

 Vein or Reef: Tubular structure other than the rock in which it is embedded and which
is filled with ore, when the fissures have been opened by intrusion of large blocks of
igneous rock are presented in capable stratified very together is called Reef. Example:
C.I. A minera CASAPALCA (LIMA), Compañia Minera CHASPAYA (MOQUEGUA).

 Mantle: Body or structure similar to the rock in which it is located and which has been
filled with ores. Example: SAN VICENTE Mining Unit (JUNIN), COLQUIJIRCA (CERRO DE
PASCO).

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 MINERAL FIELD

 Disseminated or Porphyry: When the MENA is distributed throughout the mass of

encased rock, they are usually low-grade, but high-volume deposits. Examples: Southern
Peru Copper Corporation (Cuajone, Toquepala), Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A. to
Cerro Verde (Arequipa), Minera Yanacocha (Cajamarca).

 Bolsonadas: It presents a mineral of economic value that is concentrated in irregular

bodies.

2.3.-For its environment of training

According to the geological environment in which a site was formed, four different groups or
environments are defined: sedimentary, magmatic, hydrothermal and metamorphic. Within
these groups are added the Subface, as are the Intramagmático, solid sulphides and others.

This classification presents as limiting the fact that many mineral deposits were formed in
different stages and under the influence of different factors, which tends to gather within the
same group phases of different enrichment.

In turn, mineralization takes place by effect of a set of factors, which do not necessarily depend
on the environment, but are related, for example, with the nature of the box rock.
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 MINERAL FIELD

Three large groups of mineral deposits can be distinguished:

 Magmatic
 Sedimentary
 Metamorphic

In the mineral fields we distinguish a number of areas, as well as shallower to deeper:

 Weathering or mounting zone: minerals are exposed to deep transformations caused by

external agents.
 Leached Zone: area where the minerals are washed, by the action of the meteoric
waters.
 Oxidation zone: It produces the phenomena of oxidation, Hidroxidación and
carbonation.
 Reduction Zone: The water-washed soluble compounds are concentrated here.

Iii.-Types of deposits:
3.1.-YACIMIENTO IOCG:

(Fe-Cu-Au oxides deposits) Characterized basically by its magnetite and hematite content
(Especularita). It contains a wide variety of environments TectonoMagmatic. The youngest girdle
of these deposits in the Cordillera de la coast of Chile and S of Peru. Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous,
include gaps, veins, spreads and massive lenses include gaps, veins, spreads and massive lenses.

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3.2.-PORFIRITICOS Deposits:

They are deposits formed by circulation of hydrothermal fluids linked to the last stage of
intrusion of stocks Subvolcanic of composition Tonalítica, Granodiorítica, Monzogranítica Or
Andesitica of Calcic-alkaline nature.

3.3.-SKARN Deposit:

Formed by reaction between intrusive félsicos and carbonated rocks. Main ores of ore:
chalcopyrite, Bornite, Galena, Sphalerite. Accompanied by pyrite, hematite, magnetite,
Ganga Minerals: garnets, pyroxenes, examples: Tintaya, copper, Antamina.

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3.4.-Epithermal site:

Epithermal deposits are those in which the mineralization occurred within 1 to 2 Km of

depth from the Earth's surface and was deposited from hot hydrothermal fluids.

Epithermal mineralization of precious metals can be formed from two types of

chemically distinct fluids.
a. Low SULFURACION: They are reduced and have a near-neutral PH (the measure
of hydrogen ions concentration).
b. High SULFURACION: Which are more oxidized and acidic.

3.5.-CARLIN Deposit:

"The Carlin gold deposits are epithermal deposits with fine particle size, in which gold is not
visible Macroscopically, being detectable with chemical analyses. The fine gold
mineralization is used in limestone in disseminated form, but controlled by the fracturing
and failure that served as a conduit to epithermal mineral flow, which is disseminated in the
limestone. It contains fine gold grains, minerals such as Sulfoarseniuros and others. To
produce the precipitation of gold by reduction of the mineral flow, the presence of a
limestone with impurities of coal (limestone carbonacea) is required.

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3.6.-KUROKO Deposit Vms:

The deposition of marine sediments and volcanic rocks where We generated this type of
deposits we have in The We generated this type of deposits we have in the

FLanco West of the batholith of the coast, from south to north one has the, from south to
North one has the following occurrences:

In Ica:

a. The ICa
b. Rio Seco

In Lima:

a. Raul--Constable, Cantera
b. Aurora Augusta
c. Maria Teresa

In Piura:

a. Tambo Large

IV.-Conclusions:

V.-Bibliography

 Http://www.eduni.uni.edu.pe/1er_concurso_3_compendio_de_geologia_general.pdf

 Http://www.proexplo.com.pe/2013/programa/cursos_cortos/Yacimientos%20y%20M
etalogenia/YACIMIENTOS.pdf

 Https://es.scribd.com/doc/272220845/Los-Depositos-de-Oro-Tipo-Carlin-Son-
Yacimientos-Epitermales-Con-Granulometria-Fina

 Http://www.cec.uchile.cl/~vmaksaev/Dep%F3sitos%20Epitermales.pdf