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Philosophy of education can refer either to the application of philosophy to the problem of
education, examining definitions, goals and chains of meaning used in education by teachers,
administrators and policy makers. It can involve the examination of particular visions or
debates and assumptions about innovations and practices in teaching and learning by
on the values, beliefs and attitudes in relation to the process of growth of individuals and
society . Philosophy of education influences almost all the aspects of a country’s educational
system. Particularly, it influences the following aspects: Relationship between the state and
education, the aims of education, the curriculum, teaching methods, theory and practice of
discipline. In this assignment we are going to discuss how the fields of philosophy as;
Education system.
Pragmatism
It focuses on children's personal and social growth as the top priority. It starts from simple to
complex. Children start learning as soon as they engage in problem solving. From
pragmatism, people learned from other past experiences/knowledge. It’s a way of using
previous knowledge in a new situation Pragmatism does not accept any universal or eternal
consisting of activities and based on child’s experience. Pragmatism stresses problem solving
and project methods of teaching. . In the scheme of the pragmatists, there is no place for
punishment and discipline is learnt through moral training which is based child’s experience
Idealism
Any view that stress the central role of the ideal or the spiritual in the interpretation of
experience. It may hold that the world or reality exists essentially as spirit or consciousness,
that abstractions and laws are more fundamental in reality than sensory things, or, at least,
that whatever exists is known in dimensions that are chiefly mental through and as ideas.
(Shati, August 2016)Idealism impacts the educational aims for examples it will stress on
creating a spiritual environment in the school as that pupils develop spiritual values and attain
self-realization, i.e. a school has an aim of having a good cooperation amongst all parts of the
school. It also influences the curriculum of the Namibian education system as it emphasizes
teaching of higher values through ethics, religion, art and subjects of humanities (Dasgupta,
1969). For instance, the country have introduced a religious subject in the Schools curricular,
which aims to teach/ make learners have an understanding and have respect for themselves
and for people around them. Societies which tend towards idealism prefer to have a system of
education which prescribes rigid methods of teaching such as lecturing and prefer learning
through imitation, memorization and discussion. The teaching method are made in such a
way that it is learner-centred to ensure the development of mental capacity and critical
thinking independently. For example, the roles of the instructor should focus on student
learning and facilitate rather than didactic. The concept of discipline and its practice are also
values, moral and religious teachings and strict control over the child.
Naturalism
The philosophical believe that everything arises from natural properties and causes, and
supernatural or spiritual explanation is discounted. Naturalism would like to see that the child
is made to learn from nature in a natural way and realizes his potentialities. Naturalism
advocate views on curriculum, where it lays stress on subjects that help in self-expression and
self-preservation. For instance, life skills, where learners are taught; solving problem skill,
prevention of pandemics diseases, to be open seeks for advices, etc. It advocates teaching of
basic sciences, physical and health education. A system of education based on naturalism
stresses learning by doing, learning through experience and learning through observation.
This is where learners are allowed to do practical, usually in Agriculture, Physical science
and Biology. Through experience they learn what they already know, for instance in
agriculture they learn to sow while they already experience sowing at home. To naturalist’s
discipline is to be learnt by natural consequences. The child enjoys maximum freedom. Self-
discipline is preferred to external control. Learners do socialise with their peer, when they
experience for example a fight, they tend to learn to control their anger to prevent fight in
future.
Realism
Realism faces on truth and fact as they exist in the world. It bases on reality which depends
on our knowledge and not on ideas (Blackburn, 2005). In education, realism impacts on
learners beliefs especially in Religious and moral education. Learners have different beliefs
due to different religions, norms, values and taboos. Learners cannot discover or construct but
Rationalism
Learners learn things through sources and reasons. In education, rationalism normally
impacts on Mathematics whereby learners usually use deductive and inductive reasoning in
problem solving situations. Learners should be able to know their identities and also give
Dasgupta, S. (1969). Indian Idealism. Cambridge University Press , Newyork, NY, USA.