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Solution 1.2
Determine the current flowing through an element if the charge flow is given by
(a) q(t ) = (3) mC
(b) q(t ) = (4t 2 + 20t - 4) C
( )
(c) q(t ) = 15e -3t − 2e −18t nC
(d) q(t) = 5t2(3t3+ 4) pC
(e) q(t) = 2e-3tsin(20πt) µC
(a) i = dq/dt = 0 mA
(b) i = dq/dt = (8t + 20) A
(c) i = dq/dt = (–45e-3t + 36e-18t) nA
(d) i=dq/dt = (75t4 + 40t) pA
(e) i =dq/dt = {-6e-3tsin(20πt) + 40πe-3tcos(20πt)} µA
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Solution 1.3
10e -30t
q(t) = ∫ 10e sin 40t + q(0) =
-30t
( −30 sin 40t - 40 cos t)
(d) 900 + 1600
= − e- 30t (0.16cos40 t + 0.12 sin 40t) C
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Solution 1.4
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Solution 1.5
10
1 t 2 10
=q ∫=
idt ∫ = tdt = 25 C
0
2 4 0
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Solution 1.6
dq 30
(a) At t = 1ms, i = = = 15 A
dt 2
dq
(b) At t = 6ms, i = = 0A
dt
dq − 30
(c) At t = 10ms, i = = = –7.5 A
dt 4
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Solution 1.7
i(A)
10
0 1 2 3 4 t(s)
–20
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Solution 1.8
10 × 1
q = ∫ idt = + 10 × 1 = 15 μC
2
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Solution 1.9
1
(a) q = ∫ idt = ∫ 10 dt = 10 C
0
3 5 ×1
q = ∫ idt = 10 × 1 + 10 − + 5 ×1
(b) 0 2
= 15 + 7.5 + 5 = 22.5C
5
(c) q = ∫ idt = 10 + 10 + 10 = 30 C
0
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Solution 1.10
q = it = 10x103x15x10-6 = 150 mC
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Solution 1.11
q= it = 90 x10-3 x 12 x 60 x 60 = 3.888 kC
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Solution 1.12
t t
∫ ∫
q (t ) = idt + q (0 ) = 3tdt + 0 = 1.5t 2
0 0
At t=6, q(6) = 1.5(6)2 = 54
For 6 < t < 10s,
t t
∫ ∫
q (t ) = idt + q (6 ) = 18 dt + 54 = 18 t − 54
6 6
At t=10, q(10) = 180 – 54 = 126
For 10<t<15s,
t t
∫ ∫
q (t ) = idt + q (10 ) = ( −12)dt + 126 = −12t + 246
10 10
∫
q (t ) = 0 dt + q (15) =66
15
Thus,
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140
120
100
80
q(t)
60
40
20
0
0 5 10 15 20
t
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Solution 1.13
p = vi = 60πcos2(4πt) mW
At t=0.3s,
p = vi = 60πcos2(4π0.3) mW = 123.37 mW
(b) W =
W = 30π[0.6+(1/(8π))[sin(8π0.6)–sin(0)]] = 58.76 mJ
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Solution 1.14
Calculate:
(a) the total charge in the device at t = 1 s, assume q(0) = 0.
(b) the power consumed by the device at t = 1 s.
0 0
= 0.01(1 – 0.135335 + 0.5) = 13.647 mC.
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Solution 1.15
− 0.006 2t
2
2
q = ∫ idt = ∫ 0.006e dt = e- 2t
(a) 0 2 0
(
= −0.003 e − 1 = -4
)
2.945 mC
10di
(b) v= = −0.012e -2t (10) = −0.12e -2t V this leads to p(t) = v(t)i(t) =
dt
(-0.12e-2t)(0.006e-2t) = –720e–4t µW
− 720 -4t −6
3
3
(c) w = ∫ pdt = -0.72∫ e - 4t
dt = e 10 = –180 µJ
0 −4 0
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Solution 1.16
(a)
30t mA, 0 < t <2
i (t ) =
120-30t mA, 2 < t<4
5 V, 0 < t <2
v(t ) =
-5 V, 2 < t<4
p(mW)
300
1 2 4 t (s)
-300
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Solution 1.17
Figure 1.28 shows a circuit with four elements, p 1 = 60 watts absorbed, p 3 = –145 watts
absorbed, and p 4 = 75 watts absorbed. How many watts does element 2 absorb?
1 2 4
Figure 1.28
For Prob. 1.17.
Σ p = 0 = 60 + p 2 – 145 + 75 = 0 or p 2 = –60 + 145 – 75 = 10 watts absorbed.
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Solution 1.18
p 1 = 30(-10) = -300 W
p 2 = 10(10) = 100 W
p 3 = 20(14) = 280 W
p 4 = 8(-4) = -32 W
p 5 = 12(-4) = -48 W
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Solution 1.19
Find I and the power absorbed by each element in the network of Fig. 1.30.
I
4A
– –
–
9V
10 A 15V 15V
+
–
+ + + 6V
Figure 1.30
For Prob. 1.19.
I = –10 + 4 = –6 amps
Calculating the power absorbed by each element means we need to find vi (being careful
to use the passive sign convention) for each element.
One check we can use is that the sum of the power absorbed must equal zero which is
what it does.
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Solution 1.20
Since the total power absorbed by all the elements in the circuit must equal zero,
or 0 = –180+72+56+28–30+p into the element with Vo or
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Solution 1.21
p 60
=
p vi → = i = = 0.5 A
v 120
q = it = 0.5x24x60x60 = 43.2 kC
=N e qx= 6.24 x1018 2.696 x1023 electrons
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Solution 1.22
q = it = 40x103x1.7x10–3 = 68 C
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Solution 1.23
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Solution 1.24
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Solution 1.25
A 1.2–kW toaster takes roughly 4 minutes to heat four slices of bread. Find the cost of
operating the toaster twice per day for 2 weeks (14 days). Assume energy costs 9
cents/kWh.
4
Cost = 1.2 kW × hr × 14 × 9 cents/kWh = 10.08 cents
60
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Solution 1.26
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Solution 1.27
T T 0.5t
( b) W = ∫ pdt = ∫ vidt = ∫ ( 3) 10 + dt
0 0
3600
4×3600
0.25t 2
= 310t + = 3[40 × 3600 + 0.25 × 16 × 3600]
3600 0
= 475.2 kJ
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Solution 1.28
A 150-W incandescent outdoor lamp is connected to a 120-V source and is left burning
continuously for an average of 12 hours per day. Determine:
P 150
(a) i = =
V 120
= 1.25 A
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Solution 1.29
(20 + 40 + 15 + 45) 30
w = pt = 1.2kW hr + 1.8 kW hr
60 60
= 2.4 + 0.9 = 3.3 kWh
Cost = 12 cents × 3.3 = 39.6 cents
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Solution 1.30
Monthly charge = $6
Total = $164.02
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Solution 1.31
In a household, a business is run for an average of 6 hours per day. The total power
consumed by the computer and its printer is 230 watts. In addition, a 75-W light runs
during the same 6 hours. If their utility charges 11.75 cents per kWhr, how much do the
owners pay every 30 days?
Total energy consumed over every 30 day period = 30[(230+75)6] = 54.9 kWhr
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Solution 1.32
i = 20 µA
q = 15 C
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Solution 1.33
dq
i= → q = ∫ idt = 2000 × 3 × 10 − 3 = 6 C
dt
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Solution 1.34
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Solution 1.35
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Solution 1.36
A battery can be rated in ampere-hours or watt hours. The ampere hours can be obtained
from the watt hours by dividing watt hours be a nominal voltage of 12 volts. If an
automobile battery is rated at 20 ampere-hours,
(a) what is the maximum current that can be supplied for 15 minutes?
(b) how many days will it last if it is discharged at a rate of 2 mA?
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Solution 1.37
Solution
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Solution 1.38
P = 10 hp = 7460 W
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Solution 1.39
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