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493,623
pertension, diabetes, hyperhomocysteinemia, and infection (e.g.,
500 Males Chlamydia pneumoniae, herpes) causing a local inflammatory re-
433,825
sponse3,4 (Fig. 34-2, A).
400 Females
C-reactive protein (CRP), a nonspecific marker of inflamma-
Deaths in thousands
GENDER DIFFERENCES
Coronary Artery Disease
Men Women
• Men tend to manifest CAD 10-15 years • CAD causes more deaths in women than in men.
earlier than women. • Initial cardiac event for women is more often angina than MI.
• Initial cardiac event for men is more often • Women with the long Q-T syndrome have an increased incidence of sudden cardiac death
MI than angina. compared to men with the same disorder.
• Men have a higher incidence of left ven- • Before menopause, women have higher HDL cholesterol levels and lower LDL cholesterol
tricular hypertrophy than women. levels than men.
• After menopause, LDL levels increase.
• Women complain of palpitations more frequently than men.
CAD, Coronary artery disease; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MI, myocardial infarction.