Student

Workbook
(Outcome 5)
Human Body Structure and
Function: The Digestive System
(H92C 35)

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Student Workbook (Outcome 5)
Tutorial Questions: The Digestive System

1. Name the four types of cells in a gastric gland.

2. Which cell type secretes HCl?

3. Why is an acidic pH vital in the stomach?

4. In some types of anaemia parietal cells are destroyed by the immune system,
what effect will this have on the uptake of vitamin B12?

5. Which cell type produces mucus in the stomach? and what is the purpose of the
mucus?
6. Which cell type produces pepsinogen in the stomach? and what happens to
pepsinogen once it mixes with the HCl?

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7. Which cell type produces gastrin in the stomach? State what type of molecule
gastrin is, and describe all its functions in the control of digestion.

8. There are 3 other hormones that help control digestion, and which are released
by cells lining the small intestine when chyme rich in fatty acids and amino acids
enter the small intestine from the stomach.
Identify each hormone from the description of its functions:
_____________________ stimulates digestive enzyme-rich secretions from the
pancreas, and inhibits gastric juice release and gastric motility. It also stimulates
the contraction of the gall bladder.
______________________ stimulates bicarbonate-rich secretions from the
pancreas to neutralise the chyme, and inhibits gastric juice release and gastric
motility.
______________________ helps with insulin release following a carbohydrate-
rich meal

9. Name the organ that makes bile salts and the organ that sores the bile salts.

10. Describe how bile makes the digestion of fat more efficient

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11. How do the villi of the small intestine mucosal layer help with nutrient absorption?

12. Name the structures inside the villi of the small intestine which transport products
of fat digestion.

13. What type of epithelial cells line the small intestine?

14. What specialisations do they have?

15. What is the purpose of segmentation?

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16. Which movement of the gut is unique to the large intestine?

17. Does any digestion take place in the large intestine?

18. How long is small intestine?

19. Name the 3 parts of the small intestine.

20. What is the hepatopanceatic ampulla?

21. Why is the liver so important in protein metabolism?

22. Gluconeogenesis also happens in the Liver. What is gluconeogenesis?

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23. Glycogenolysis also happens in the Liver. What is glycogenolysis?

24. What name is given to the opposite process to Q23. which occurs in liver cells?

25. Which blood vessel delivers the products of digestion to the liver from the
intestines for the above metabolism (changing forms) of carbohydrates and
proteins to occur?

26. Describe what triggers and what occurs during the Cephalic phase of digestion.

27. Is digestion stimulated by an increase in parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous

system impulses?

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28. Describe the enterogastric reflex.

29. What is the function of the enterogastric reflex?

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