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Section 2 - Detailed Circuit
Design
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Section 3 - Simulation Results
and Waveform Analysis
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Section 4 - Full Circuit
Implementation and Test Results
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Section 5 - Bill of Materials
Table of Figure:
Figure 1: Power Circuit (Rectifier Circuit)
The complete circuit design is simulated and is shown in the figure below,
Working:
Power circuit (Rectifier circuit)
The rectifier circuit consists of a step down transformer that will basically step down the input AC
voltages and will then be rectified using a rectifier bridge whose output DC is filtered from ripples using
a Capacitor at its output. The DC supply thus generated is used to provide biasing to the ICs used in the
project.
Design Calculations:
The circuit used for triangular signal is shown below with the design calculations,
Assumption:
𝑅6 = 26 𝑘𝛺 & 𝑅7 = 30 𝑘𝛺
𝑓𝑇 = 1𝑘𝐻𝑧
𝑉𝑇𝑅𝐼 ≤ 𝑉𝑅𝐸𝐹 (4.5𝑉)
So,
𝑉𝑇𝑅𝐼 = 4.3𝑉
Calculations:
𝑅5
𝑉𝑇𝑅𝐼 = ∗ 𝑉𝑅𝐸𝐹 ,
𝑅6
𝑅6
𝑓𝑇 =
4 ∗ 𝑅7 𝑅5 𝑐1
𝑅6 22 ∗ 103
𝑐1 = = ≈ 10𝑛 𝐹
4 ∗ 𝑅7 𝑅5 𝑓𝑇 4 ∗ (30 ∗ 103 ) ∗ (21 ∗ 103 ) ∗ (1 ∗ 103 )
𝑅
𝑉𝑇𝑅𝐼 = 𝑅5 ∗ 𝑉𝑅𝐸𝐹 ,
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In this equation, VREF is the comparator output voltage above or below the reference voltage.
An electrical isolation between an input source and an output load is provided using only light by
using a very common electronic component called an Optocoupler. The basic design of an
optocoupler, also known as an Opto-isolator, consists of an LED that produces infra-red light and
a semiconductor photo-sensitive device that is used to detect the emitted infra-red beam. Both the
LED and photo-sensitive device are enclosed in a light-tight body or package with metal legs for
the electrical connections. The gate driver circuit is used for driving the gate of the main switching
transistor utilizing the gate drive output of the PWM controller.
Discussion of Results:
The output of DC rectifier circuit is same as that of hardware results because a filtering capacitor
at the output removes the ripples and smooths the output. The PWM of simulation results is
different as that of hardware results because of non-linearities of OP-AMP and ripples present in
capacitor output. The problem can be solved by using some filter circuit.
The full implemented circuit along with the hardware results are shown below,
Final Implemented Circuit
References
www.circuitlab.com
www.ti.com
Appendix