Explain the accessibility, retain ability, mobility and service integrity KPIs in LTE.

How do you improve

them

2. What is the reason for Radio link failure

HW issue,Coverage Drops ,PCI collision

3. How can you improve ANR?

We need to contain Overshooting, assign CIO to over shooters and forbid illogical nbrs.

4. Explain the process of CSFB. How can you improve CSFB success rate

You are fall back on 3G umts carrier by doing blind handover on defined 3G carier freq. and main
signalling msg is RRC release msg . CSFB Successrate can be improve by Flash CSFB feature, RIM(RAN
info Mangment) is creating a link between RNC and MME.in such case RIM continuesly provide SIB
and cell info of 3G cells.

5. Explain the contents of SIB 4,5,6.

Sib 4 include additional nbr information,SIB 5 include Inter frequency NBRs information,SIB6 include
UTRA freq information IRAT.

6. Which parameter tells you that LTE coverage is becoming poor?

A2 event,RSRP

7. What is career aggregation?

3 types of CA,intra band carrier aggregation contigious, Non Contigious and INTER bandCarier
aggregation,

There is Primary and secondary cell,we can merge up to 4 compnenet carrier aggregation for upto
1000PRB. To maximize the throughput.

8. Some VoLTE question that I don’t remember

9. Explain the attach procedure in LTE.

First UE Send an RRC connection setup request msg to ENode B then Enod b sends a RRC connection
setup response and then UE send RRC connection setup complete msg .with this msg the attach
request is a Piigy back to the RRC setup complete msg from UE to EnodB along with PDN
connectivity.this trigger the NAS signalling and the information is sent to the MME ,MME undergoes
with identification and aunthication procedures of the user,Location information will be sent to HSS
and defaut Bearer setup request is sent to PDN gateway from SGW and then the PDN gateway setup
a bearer and IP is assign to the it .

10. Explain collision based and collision free attach procedures.

In contention based, the UE select random Preamble for PRACH out of 64 it may
select the same. The network would go through additional process to resolve these
contention and in one of the process the UE will retry after timer expiry

In collision free,pre define set of Preambles are assigned for random asceess so no question of
clollison,and this is for the time critical events like HO.

Typical 'Contention Free' RACH Procedure is as follows :

i) UE <--NW : RACH Preamble (PRACH) Assignment

ii) UE --> NW : RACH Preamble (RA-RNTI, indication for L2/L3 message size)
iii) UE <--NW : Random Access Response (Timing Advance, C-RNTI, UL grant for L2/L3
message)

11. How to find about congestion

Check PRB utilization and RRC users soft licence

12. You have mentioned about BLER and RB Strategy trial in your resume. Please explain them.

IBler

DlVarIBLERtargetSwitch: Indicates whether to enable the downlink target

initial block error rate (IBLER) adaption. If this switch is turned on, the
downlink target IBLER is adjusted based on the size of transport blocks (TBs)
to improve the spectrum efficiency. If this switch is turned off, the downlink
target IBLER is a fixed value.

• A high higher MCS with higher IBLER would gain better efficiency than
the case that lower MCS with IBLER converged to 10% for far users or
middle small packer users.

RB strategy:

For downlink resource allocation, if the RBs needed by a user is not equal to the
integral multiple of RBG, two strategies can be used:

› ROUNDDOWN If the data is more than 1RBG, spit the data into two
parts(scheduling twice), the first part is an integral multiple of RBG, the
second part is less than 1RBG.

› ROUNDUP Add padding to the data to constitute an integral multiple of

RBG(scheduling once).

13. What are your LTE job responsibilities?

1. What is MIMO(Difference b/w CL & OL MIMO)

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is developed to provide doubled and more spectral

efficiency. MIMO uses multiple

antennas at the transmitter and/or receiver in combination with several signal processing
techniques.

Open-loop MIMO
p PMI report is not required from UE, saving feedback overhead
p Not optimized for UE-specific channel condition
p Robust to channel variation (e.g. high speed)
• Closed-loop MIMO
p PMI report is required from receiver, increasing feedback overhead
p Optimized for user-specific channel condition
p Vulnerable for channel variation, and mainly applicable to low mobility
p Dependent on UE implementation, requiring that the reported PMIs are reliable and
timel

2. How A3 Event work in LTE?

Neighbour cell becomes some offset better than the primary cell
RSRPsource + eventa3offset +hysteresis <= RSRPtarget + hysteresis

3. What is the main purpose of A1 & A2 Event? What are its thresholds?

4. Scheduling schemes in LTE?

- Round-Robin.
No quality indication is taken into consideration. The resources are mainly shared in an
equal manner.
- Max C/I.
The UE with the best channel conditions gets the highest priority. The cell throughput is
maximized. Starvation of UEs with channels of low quality may be a disadvantage. C i=
Qi (1).
- Proportional Fair.
This algorithm defines priorities based on the quality and the averaged scheduled rate.
I.e.:
Ci = R(Q)i/{Ri} (2).
- QoS
Different strategies exist to get QoS related information integrated.
E.g. Depending on the priority of the service and/or the UE, RT/NRT service type. a
scheduling weight can be introduced.
-EPF
he channel quality, scheduling fairness, and QoS can be ensured for UEs

5. EPF?
The channel quality, scheduling fairness, and QoS can be ensured for UEs
6. Interface b/w SGW and PGW?
S5
7. Interface b/w SGW and MME?
S11
8. Interface b/w SGW and Enodb?
S1U

7. Nominal PUSCH and PUCCH Power?

The value of P0_NOMINAL is the only one available
parameter most Telecom vendors offer to operators in order to change or
configure uplink power control parameters in Uplink for PUSCH.
Increasing the value of P0_NOMINAL avoid interference. It improves uplink
throughput and accessibility but will result in increase of inter cell
interference. Therefore, care should be taken while keeping an eye on
network performance when changing this value.

P0pucch is the target PSDRX for PUCCH, corresponding to Po for PUSCH. It is set according to the
parameter pZeroNominalPucch ( EUtranCellFDD.pZeroNominalPucch or
EUtranCellTDD.pZeroNominalPucch ) and signaled separately on BCCH System Information Blocks
(SIBs).

9. Thresholds of PUCCH and PUSCH Power

pZeroNominalPucch -116
pZeroNominalPusch -103

9. RRC Failure reasons and troubleshoot.

Soft licence,PUCCH user sr/cqi,coverage/quality,PCI collisison,

10. CDR Drop reason and troubleshoot

Radio,TXN,Configuration Issue,Ho failure ,other reasons

Radiodata radio barers,UL sync failure/coverage ,others.

Coverage can tune A3 thresholds.

11. CSFB Mechanism, what is the main signaling message when call release from 4G/3G or 2G.

RRC connection release

12. PDCCH BLER

Norally we see shared channel BLER ,PDCCH BLER should be less then 1% as critical dedicated
signalling is taking place on that

13. How to optimize Uplink? Best technique to optimize uplink to improve cell edge throughput.

Power ControlPNominal PUSCH and Pnominal PUCCH

Automated mobility optimization(ericcson)

MCPC(mobility control on poor coverage)-best possible candidate selection quickly and ensure
coverage at its best.

14. Interface b/w MSC & MME

SGSN connect MME to UTRAN and 2G

15. Difference between contention based and non contention based access procedure in LTE
select the same. The network would go through additional process to resolve these
contention and in one of the process the UE will retry after timer expiry

In collision free,pre define set of Preambles are assigned for random asceess so no question of
clollison,and this is for the time critical events like HO.

Typical 'Contention Free' RACH Procedure is as follows :

i) UE <--NW : RACH Preamble (PRACH) Assignment

ii) UE --> NW : RACH Preamble (RA-RNTI, indication for L2/L3 message size)
iii) UE <--NW : Random Access Response (Timing Advance, C-RNTI, UL grant for L2/L3
message)

16. What is PCI collision

Two ENod B whose PCI mod3 or mod 6 results are same

17. What is 2T2R

2x2Mimo, where we have 2transmiters and 2 reciveres

18. Which MIMO is working on your network

4x2 mimo is working

19. What design considerations to be kept in mind when deploying LTE

20. User is in good RF environment but is not receiving good throughput. Reason?

IUB, high PRB utilization, check scheduling, check MIMO tm3/4,CQi reporting interval not aligned.so
not scheduling timely

21. You don’t have access to DT how will you find out user behavior in the network?

22. How to improve DL cell edge throughput

Radio,then Bandwith,CA,MIMO.

23. Which LTE trails have you conducted?

24. Benefits of MRO?

Pingpong senarios avoid , throughput increases,

25. Why there is no soft handover in LTE?

Coz High data rate,in UMTS the data rate is 384kbs so it can connected to multiple nodb but in LTE
high Data rate so it can cause our backbone chowking.

26. How to improve LTE H/O success rate?

Overshooting initial tuning,PCI confusion and clashes retuning, A3 ofset retuning,CIO incase of AMO
is not there.

By applying CIO to the poor candidates.MRO,ANR

27. Disadvantage of ANR?

It may add the overshooting nbrs,need to clean it ,forbid

28. What are the key DT KPIs and their thresholds

RSRP,SINR, DL throughput,UL throughput

29. What is the acceptable RSRP, RSRQ and SINR values in your network

30. What is carrier aggregation

3 types of CA,intra band carrier aggregation contigious, Non Contigious and INTER bandCarier
aggregation,

There is Primary and secondary cell,we can merge up to 4 compnenet carrier aggregation for upto
1000PRB. To maximize the throughput.

31. Have you performed LTE refarming

32. What are your LTE job responsibilities

33. What is the IRAT threshold in your network

B2 threshold -119 for geran,-114 for utran

34. For an 1800 band, what will be the difference b/w 2G and LTE coverage? If all variable factors
are kept constant?

35. How to calculate LTE throughput if you know the number of resource blocks and spectrum
details.

36. Explain TAC and TAL

Tal is the combination of TAC ,and Max upto 16 TAC

-PCI planning

-PRS and SRS in PCI planning

-Difference between Mod3 and Mod6

Mod6 n mod 9 is used for 6 sector sites PCI planning

-Impact of Mod3 collision

SINR,ERAB DCR,HSR,

Flash CSFB, how it works

Use RIM(RAN information management)

Which message is released at CSFB

RRC Connection release

Why blind CSFB and not handover based CSFB or measurement based CSFB?

Timer for RRC setup

VoLTE

Reasons for CDR

Counter for CDR

Difference between 2T2R and 2x2 MIMO

RIM features in flash CSFB

It create a link from RNC to MME and provide SIB and carrier information to MME

The process of implementing ANR

Effect of Pa Pb values

RACH planning

PCI planning and MOD3

HO in LTE

TAC planning

tac baundry and lac baundry is same?