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Demi
Anatomy
and
Physiology
of
the
Oral
Cavity
|
Otolaryngology
• Pulp
–
contains
blood
vessels
and
nerves;
nourishes
the
o Divided
into
anterior
2/3
and
posterior
1/3
by
the
dentin
palatoglossal
arch,
the
V-‐shaped
sulcus
terminalis
and
o Contains
connective
tissues,
nerve
fibers,
and
blood
circumvallate
papillae
(lying
anterior
to
the
sulcus).
vessels
o Composed
of
various
muscular
system
o Connected
to
the
alveolus
via
the
root
canal
o Occupies
much
of
the
oral
cavity
• Root
–
anchor
of
the
tooth
that
extends
into
the
jawbone
o Continuous
anteriorly
and
laterally
with
the
floor
of
the
• Neck
-‐
area
between
the
crown
and
root;
protrudes
from
mouth
socketsin
the
alveolar
processes
of
the
maxilla
and
o Apex
mandible
o Body
• Crown
–
projects
freely
into
the
oral
cavity
§ Separated
from
the
base
by
the
terminal
sulcus
o Externally
covered
by
enamel
o Base/Root
• Blood
supply:
o Extrinsic
Muscles
o Inferior
alveolar
artery
§ Changes
position
of
the
tongue
o Anterior
Alveolar
artery
§ Styloglossus
–
elevates
&
retracts
the
tongue
o Posterior
superior
alveolar
artery
§ Hyoglossus
–
depresses
the
tongue
• Innervation:
§ Genioglossus
–
protrude
the
tongue,
depress
center
o Upper
teeth:
branches
of
the
maxillary
nerve
§ Palatoglossus
–
elevates
back
of
the
tongue
o Lower
teeth:
branches
of
the
mandibular
nerve
o Intrinsic
Muscle
6. Oral
Cavity
§ Change
the
shape
of
the
tongue
• Palate
§ Longitudinal
–
from
hyoid
bone
to
tip;
moves
the
tip
o Hard
Palate
§ Transversus
-‐
go
across
the
tongue;
narrows
and
§ Formed
by:
lengthens
the
tongue
• Anterior:
palatine
processes
of
the
maxilla
§ Verticalis
-‐
go
up
and
down
the
tongue;
flattens
and
depresses
the
tongue
• Posterior:
horizontal
plates
of
the
palatine
bones
o Mucosa
–
(+)
papillae
that
project
from
the
surface
à
• Incisive
bone
(book)
roughness
• Incisive
foramen
or
foramina
of
Stenson
–
o 4
Types
of
Papillae:
nasopalatine
nerve
&
descending
palatine
artery
§ Filiform
–
thread-‐like;
no
taste
buds
o Gums
of
the
incisors
and
canine
palatal
side
§ Fungiform
-‐
mushroom
§ Innervation
and
Blood
supply:
§ Vallate
• Greater
palatine
foramen
–
greater
palatine
artery,
§ Foliate
vein,
and
nerve
o Taste
buds
–
specific
taste
perception
• Lesser
palatine
foramen
–
lesser
palatine
artery,
§ Most
numerous
in
the
vallate
and
foliate
papillae
vein,
and
nerve
§ 30-‐80
elongated
cells
that
extend
superficially
to
the
o Soft
Palate
gustatory
pore
§ Seals
the
oral
cavity
posteriorly
through
the
uvula
o Lingual
tonsil
–
lymphoepithelial
tissue
(Waldeyer’s
(pendulant
process)
ring)
§ Muscles
of
the
soft
palate:
o Blood
supply:
lingual
and
sublingual
arteries
(from
the
• Tensor
veli
palatini
external
carotid
artery)
• Levator
veli
palatini
–
elevates
the
soft
palate
during
§ Lingual
Artery:
swallowing
to
keep
food
form
entering
the
nose
• Medial
to
the
hyoglossus
muscle
• Palatoglossus
–
runs
from
the
anterior
faucial
pillar
• Dorsal
lingual
artery
–
base
of
the
tongue
• Palatopharyngeus
muscle
of
the
posterior
faucial
• Deep
lingual
artery
–
body
of
the
tongue
pillar
o Drainage:
facial
vein
to
the
internal
jugular
vein
§ Palatal
mucosa
o Lymphatic
drainage:
• (+)
salivary
glands
§ Ipsilateral
and
contralateral
submandibular
and
§ Innervation:
CN
IX
and
X
submental
lymph
nodes
o Blood
Supply:
ascending
palatine
branch
of
the
facial
§ Tip
–
submental
glands
bilaterally
artery
§ Dorsum
–
submandibular
gland
and
jugulodigastric
LN
• Tongue
o Innervation:
CN
V,
VII,
IX,
and
XII
o Derived
from
1st
–
4th
branchial
arches
§ Most
motor
innervation:
CN
XII
o The
anterior
2/3
(body
or
oral
part)
is
derived
from
the
§ Terminal
sulcus:
lingual
nerve
(from
the
3rd
division
of
ectodermal
stomodeum
the
CN
V)
o The
posterior
1/3
(pharyngeal
part
or
root)
is
derived
§ Tongue
base
region:
Glossopharyngeal
and
superior
from
the
endodermal
foregut
laryngeal
nerves
o Foramen
caecum
–
point
of
origin
of
the
thyroid
gland
§ Taste
buds
–
chorda
tympani
(from
CN
VII)
§ Anterior
2/3
–
CN
IX
Demi
Anatomy
and
Physiology
of
the
Oral
Cavity
|
Otolaryngology
• Alveolar
Ridge
o Vestibular
mucosa
from
the
inner
lining
of
the
lip
becomes
tightly
bound
to
the
alveolar
bone
at
the
muco-‐
gingival
junction
o Vestibular
sulcus
o Innervation:
§ Upper
alveolar
ridge
–
V2
§ Molars
–
posterior
superior
alveolar
nerve
from
the
pterygopalatine
fossa
§ Bicuspids
–
middle
superior
alveolar
nerve
from
the
infraorbital
nerve
§ Incisors
and
canines
–
anterior
superior
alveolar
nerve
from
the
infraorbital
nerve
§ Lower
alveolar
ridge
–inferior
alveolar
nerve
(V3)
all
mandibular
teeth
§ Gums
of
the
molars
and
bicuspids
–
buccal
nerve
§ Gums
of
the
incisors
and
canine
• Lingual
side
–
lingual
nerve
• Labial
side
–
mental
nerve
• Oral
Floor
o Lingual
frenulum
o Submandibular
gland
duct
o Sublingual
papilla
o Innervation
–
lingual
nerve
o Mylohyoid
muscle
–
muscular
foundation
of
the
oral
floor
PHYSIOLOGY
1. Importance
for
Food
Intake
• Lips
–
gateway
to
the
digestive
tract
o Seals
the
oral
cavity
during
swallowing
and
chewing
to
prevent
food
spillage
(main
function
of
the
orbicularis
oculi)
o Impaired
muscle
function
à
deficiency
in
lip
closure
à
eating
difficulties
and
drooling
• Tongue
–
multifunction
organ
with
both
motor
and
sensory
properties
Demi