JSS MAHAVIDYAPEETHA

J.S.S. ACADEMY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

C-20/1, sector-62, NOIDA-201301 (U.P.)

Project Report on
Industrial Training done at
National Thermal Power Corporation,NTPC, New Delhi
(24.06.2008 TO 25.07.2008)

Completed By

Ashish Singh
BTech., VII semester
Electrical Engineering
 CONTENTS

1. Certificate

2. Acknowledgement

3. Preface

4. NTPC

5. Gas Plant

6. Open Cycle Combined Cycle

7. Transformers

8. Transformer Tests

9. Protection Relays

10. DG Set

11.Circuit Breakers

12.SwitchYard

13.Operation and maintenance

14.Control and Instrumentation

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With profound respect and gratitude, I take the opportunity to convey my thanks to
the management of NTPC, DADRI for giving me an opportunity to complete my
training here.
I am extremely grateful to all the technical staff of NTPC, DADRI for their co-
operation and guidance. I have learned a lot working with them. I will always be
indebted to them for this valuable addition in me.

Last but not the least I would like to thank the Placement and Training Department of
JSS Academy Of Technical Education, Noida, U.P. and all the faculty members of
the Electrical Department. Their efforts and constant co-operation have been a
significant factor in the accomplishment of my industrial training.

21.09.2010 ASHISH SINGH

 PREFACE

This report is an account of the vocational training, which I undertook at NTPC for
six weeks. It also contains an account of various departments I visited during my
course of training there. The training which I did at NTPC was a great learning
experience and it helped me to understand my subject better.

21.09.2010 ASHISH SINGH

 TRAINING REPORT

ON
GAS POWER STATION

OF

NATIONAL THERMAL POWER

STATION, DADRI

National Thermal Power Corporation Limited

National Capital Power Station – Dadri

P.O. Vidyut Nagar, District Gautam Budh Nagar - 201

008 (UP)

COMPLETED BY :
ASHISH SINGH
4th YEAR B. TECH (ELECTRICAL ENGG.)
JSSATE NOIDA.
About NTPC, Dadri
NTPC Dadri has a total installed capacity of
1669.78 Mega Watts. The coal plant has 4
units which were commissioned one by one
from 1991 to 1994 .Each unit has a
generation capacity of 210 MW. The coal
for the plant is sourced from the Piparwar
mines of Jharkhand while the Upper Ganga
canal acts as the water source.
The Gas plant has 6 units which have a
combined capacity of 829.78 MW. It has 4
gas turbine units which were
commissioned in 1992 while the 2 steam
turbine units were commissioned in 1994.
The gas turbine units have a capacity of
130.19 MW each while the steam turbines
have a capacity of 154.51 MW each

About the Gas plant

The plant receives gas through the HBJ
pipeline , with the gas originating at
Hazira. The plant works on the combined
cycle which has a very high efficiency of
48.33 percent as opposed to the 32
percent offered by the open cycle.
The main fuel is natural gas and the
alternate being HSD. The Upper Ganga
canal headwork provides a source of
cooling water, during the closure of the
canal a network of tube wells serves this
purpose. The consumption of gas amounts
to 4, 0 MCMD.

Other features:-
• Startup power: Black Start DG set
2.6 MVA capacity
 • Heart rate-open cycle: 2692 Kw /
Kwh
combined cycle: 1748 kw /
Kwh
• Consumption-open cycle: 0.3167
m3/Kwh
-combined cycle: 0.205
m3/Kwh
• HP/LP bypass capacity (for steam
turbine): 1000% MCR
• Time required from barring speed to
synchronization: 4 minutes
• Time required from Synchronization to
base load
At normal gradient: 16
minutes
At Fast gradient : 9 minutes

OPEN CYCLE AND COMBINED CYCLE

In the open cycle the natural gas is
compressed ignited and used to drive Gas
Turbines which in turn run a generator and
produce electricity. The left over gas which
is at very high temperatures is exhausted.
This cycle has a meager efficiency of 32%.
In the combined cycle the gas left after
ignition is further is driven into a boiler and
used to heat water to steam .This steam is
in turn used to run steam turbines. Such
system is used in the Dadri power station.
The efficiency of the combined cycle
comes out to be a very much improved
48%.

TRANSFORMER
From the stage of generation to the stage
of transmission (400kv lines) a series of
transformers
are involved.

INTER CONNECTING TRANFORMERS

(ICT)

These are for uplifting the voltage from

220KV to the 400KV for transmission
purposes. There are 2 ICTs in the GP
switchyard. (s.no 3 & 4). They differ from
other transformers in a way as they have a
different unit for each phase. Manufactured
at BHEL, Bhopal they are rated 167MVA
(each phase) and fitted with an on load tap
changer having 17 steps. The connection is
Star/Auto/Delta. The type of cooling system
is OFAF. There are a total of 7 transformers
(3 for each bay and 1 extra). There are 5
ICTs in all (including for thermal
plant).ICT#5 acts as a common for both
the plants and can be used by any of the
plants.

UNIT TRANSFORMERS (GT #1, 2, 3 &

4)
The unit transformers for the gas turbines
are in 4 in number(one for each
generator).They are responsible for uplift
from 10.5KV that is produced by the
generator to 220KV that enters the
switchyard. These are 166MVA
transformers manufactured by BHEL,
Bhopal. The type of tap changer it acquired
is offload owing to the large amount of
current that flows in the LV side. The
windings are 3 phase Star/Delta connected.
Type of cooling is OFAF.
UNIT TRANSFORMERS (ST #1&2)
Connected to the steam turbines they are
2 in number and similar to their
counterpart in many aspects lest the fact
that they are not preceded by a Unit
Auxiliary Transformer. They are 193MVA
rated. The auxiliary power for the STs is
provided by the GT UATs.

UNIT AUXILLARY TRANSFORMERS

They precede the GT s and used for
10.5KV/6.6KV step down of voltage. They
are relatively small transformers rated only
16MVA. The use of this transformer is to
supply the necessary power to the plant so
no external power is needed to run the
plant. Only present in the GTs .They have
an on load tap changer and are Delta/Star
connected. The type of cooling is ONAN.
The 2 UATs of the respective GTs provide
power for the auxiliary equipment of both
the GTs as well as the corresponding ST. In
case of failure/trip of one of the GT, the
other UAT of GT provides the necessary
power to run all the auxiliary equipment of
the ST. Same is the case for the tripping of
the other pair of GTs.

COOLING SYSTEM IN TRANSFORMERS

The windings and core are immersed in oil
which acts as a coolant and also an
insulator. The main oil storage is done in
the conservator. The oil circulates within
the transformer and goes through thin flat
tubes having large surface area exposed to
air.

OIL TEMPERATURE INDICATOR (OTI)

Fitted inside the main tank they depict the
temperature of the oil. If the temperature
of the oil rises to 85 degrees the fan banks
operate to enhance further cooling. Further
on if the temperature reaches 95 degrees
pump is operated to enhance the
circulation of oil, also an alarm is sounded.
Finally if there is further rise in the
temperature the OTI tips at 100 degrees
Celsius operating the fire fighting system.

WINDING TEMPERATURE INDICATOR

(WTI)
Since Transformer winding temperature
measurement cannot be made direct
methods due to insulation problems. The
setup consists of (a) current transformer
(b) Winding temperature indicator or a RTD
sensor (c) shunt resistance box (d) remote
winding temperature indicator and (e) a
power supply unit.
The RTD sensor is placed in the an oil filled
packet on the transformer on the tank
cover. Inside is placed a heating resistance
which is fed current proportional to that of
the loaded winding of the transformer
through a current transformer. Thus the
temperature increase of the heating
resistance is proportional to that of the
winding. The winding temperature
indicator is located in the zone of the
hottest oil in this way the transmitter
measures the hot spot temperature
OTHER TRANSFORMER
COMPONENTS

1. CONSERVATOR AND AIR CELL

The main storage of tank in an transformer
is called the conservator. It is fitted with a
magnetic oil gauge to depict the level of
oil. Also fitted are 3 air release plugs, a
pressure gauge, breather, Buchholz relay,
shut off valve and an air cell. In
conventional transformers, whenever the
oil level went down the air sucked through
the breather came in direct contact with
the oil in the conservator. This led to
degradation of the oil as it came in contact
with air. To avoid this conservators are now
fitted with an air cell. Air cell is a flexible oil
resistance nitrile rubber that floats on the
oil. The air sucked through the breather
comes into the air cell thus avoiding any
air contact with the oil. Thus the dielectric
and the insulation properties of the oil are
retained.

2. AIR BREATHER
A dehydrating breather is used to dry the
air that enters a transformer as the volume
if oil decreases because of the fall in
temperature. Air entering the breather is
first drawn through an oil seal and passes
upwards through the silica gel crystals to
the connecting pipes at the top. During this
upward passing of air any moisture present
is absorbed by the silica gel. The oil seal
ensures that the gel absorbs moisture only
when the transformer is breathing.

3. BUCHHOLZ RELAY AND GAS

COLLECTING DEVICE

The operation of the Buchholz relay is

based upon the fact that every kind of fault
in an oil filled transformer causes
decomposition of the insulating material
either liquid or solid, due to over heating in
the fault zone or due to the action of an
intense electric field which in turn result in
a more or less violent generation of gases.
These reach the relay through the pipe
connecting the transformer to the
conservator. When a slight fault occurs in
the transformer, the small bubble of gas.
The circuit is designed as such that it
results in the going of an alarm and the
gas is collected. When a serious fault
occurs the gas generation is violent. This
oil surge will result in the trip connection of
the circuit breaker and the transformer is
disconnected. Also if there is a loss of oil
same effect takes place and the CB trips.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE GASES
COLLECTED

1. Rate of collection of gas: helps in

judging the severity of the fault. Greater
the rate the more severe the fault.
2. Colour of the gas: This helps in finding
out the affected material.
3. Combustibility of the gas: This helps
in distinguishing the gases generated by
the disintegration of insulation from air.

4. PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE

The PRV has got a port sealed by a
stainless steel diaphragm. Whenever the
pressure in the tank rises due to any
reason, the same pressure acts on the
diaphragm from inside. When pressure
rises above the predetermined safe limit,
the diaphragm gets lifted from the seat.
This lifting is instantaneous and allows
vapours, gases or liquids to come out of
tank depending upon the position of valve
on the tank. The diaphragm restores its
position as soon as the pressure in the tank
drops below set limit.
5. BUSHINGS
The types of bushings in the transformer
are HV, LV, IV and neutral type. The
general construction consists of an Oil
Impregnated Paper (O.I.P) condenser core
manufactured from Kraft paper wound in a
brass tube. Thus the electrical stresses are
controlled throughout the thickness and
along the surface. The insulation is
measured by the tan delta test.

TRANSFORMER ELECTRICAL TESTS

The following transformer tests are

undertaken in a transformer before
implementing it.
1. WINDING RESISTANSE (BOTH HV
AND LV): This test is carried out to
measure the phase to phase winding
resistance (when the transformer is delta
connected), and phase to neutral when
the transformer is star connected.
2. INSULATION RESISTANCE TEST: This
measures the insulation between two
windings or between winding and the
earth. The device used to perform this
 test is called a MEGGER. It can be either
hand driven or motorized or electronic
Megger. A Megger is connected between
the two ends of the device or between
the one end and the ground which gives
the insulation of the device with respect
to the ground. The working principle is
simple. The device generates voltage and
measures the current thus giving us the
resistance or the insulation level of the
test points. It gives the result in Mega
ohms.
3. TAN DELTA BUSHING TEST: Tan Delta
test is used to measure the insulation of
the bushing of the transformer. It gives
the insulation level between the test
point and the HV terminal. The result is
represented in percent. The max limit of
the tan delta of the bushing is about 7%.
4. MAGNETIZING CURRENT TEST: This
measures the amount of magnetizing or
the no load current flowing in the
transformer.
5. WINDING RATIO TEST : This involves
the determination of the winding ratio of
 the primary and the secondary windings
of the transformer.
6. OTI AND WTI CALIBRATION: This
involves the calibrating of the oil and the
winding temperature indicators.
7. DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS: This test
gives the info about the fault occurring in
the transformer and the severity of the
fault.

TESTS CARRIED OUT ON

GENERATOR:

STATOR TESTS:
1) Polarization Index Test 2)
Winding Resistance 3) Tan delta 4)
ELCID 5) Wedge tightness

ROTOR TESTS:
1) Insulation Resistance 2) Winding
Resistance 3) Winding impedance
4) Pole balance test

ON A 220KV CIRCUIT BREAKER:

1) Closing and tripping timings 2)
Contact resistance 3) Insulation
resistance 4) Pole discrepancy time

ON A 220KV CT
1) Insulation resistance 2) Tan Delta
3) Ratio test 4)
Polarity test 5) Magnetization
characteristics

ON A 220KV CVT
1) Insulation resistance 2) Tan
Delta 3) Polarity test
4)Ratio test

GENERATOR TRANSFORMER
PROTECTION RELAYS
Here is a brief summary of the protective
relays that are implemented in the
protection of the generator transformer.
These relays are controlled from their
respective turbine control rooms.
1. PHASE INVERSE OVERCURRENT
PROTECTION: The single phase over
current time protection relay is used as a
short circuit protection for the detection
 earth faults in solidly and low ohmically
earthed networks.
2. SOLID STATE DIFFERENTIAL
PROTECTION: The generator differential
protection relay is a sensitive comparison
protection providing selective clearance
of short circuit within the protected zone
which is defined by 2 current transformer
sets. It detects all 1, 2 and 3 phase s.c.
faults and double earth faults.
3. SOLID STATE EARTH FAULT
PROTECTION: The stator earth fault
protection is used to detect earth faults
in the stator winding of the 3 phase
machines which are all connected via a
block transformer to the system.
4. ROTOR EARTH FAULT PROTECTION:
The rotor earth fault protection relay is
used to detect high and low ohmic earth
faults in the excitation circuits of
synchronous machines.
5. NEGATIVE PHASE SEQUENCE
PROTECTION: The negative phase
sequence protection is used to detect
asymmetrical loading in the 3 phase
machines. This type of disturbance
 occurs during 2 phase faults and in
solidly or low ohmic earth systems,
during single phase earth faults.
6. SOLID STATE TRANSFORMER
DIFFFERENTIAL PROTECTION: Same
as the case for the generator transformer
this provides protection for the 3 phase
transformer
7. STATIC PROTECTION FOR
MACHINES / RESTRICTED EARTH
FAULT PROTECTION: The restricted
earth fault protection is a selective for
transformers having directly earthed
neutrals or with earthing having artificial
star points.
8. UNDER EXCITATION PROTECTION :
The under excitation protection protects
the synchronous machines in the event of
faulty excitation from asynchronous
operation and from localized overheating
in the rotor . Further more it prevents
under excitation of large machines from
endangering the stability of the system.
9. SOLID STATE OVERVOLTAGE
PROTECTION: Over voltage protection
has the task of initiating a trip signal if
 the machine voltage exceeds the set
value. This protects the machine and the
galvanically connected electrical plant
from the effects of impermissible voltage
increase.
10. SOLID STATE 80% STATOR EARTH
PROTECTION: The stator earth fault
protection is designed to detect earth
faults in the stator winding or 3 phase
machines which are directly connected to
the unit transformer.
11. SOLID STATE DC VOLTAGE TIME
PROTECTION: This DC voltage
monitoring relay is designed for the
detection of, for example earth faults in
the DC circuit of the static converter sets,
especially those used for starting turbo
alternator units.
12. SOLID STATE OVEREXCITATION
PROTECTION: The over excitation
protection is used to measure the
quotient voltage/ frequency which is
proportional to the induction B ~ U/f .This
permits the detection of impermissible
over excitation conditions which can
partially endanger transformers.
13. REVERSE POWER PROTECTION: This is
used to protect the turbine generator
units on failure if energy to the prime
mover which causes the synchronous
generator to run as a motor and drive the
turbine whereby the driving power is
drawn
From the power system. The single
phase reverse protection senses the
reverse power and outputs a tripping
signal with a long time delay.
14. SOLID STATE FREQUENCY
PROTECTION: Frequency relays are
used for decoupling networks or for load
shedding if there is a threat that the
network might collapse due to an
impermissible drop in frequency.
15. SOLID STATE DEFINITE TIME
OVERCURRENT PROT: Definite time
over current protection is applied as a
short circuit protection in high voltage
systems with in feed at a single point. It
is also used as a back up for comparison
protection such as line, transformer,
generator and bus bar differential
protection.
16. IMPEDENCE PROTECTION FOR THE
MACHINES: Used as a selective time
graded protection to provide shortest
possible tripping rimes for short circuit in
the asynchronous machines on the
terminal leads as well as in the lower
voltage winding of the machine
transformer

DG SET
The use of a DG set is to providing startup
power during a power black out resulting in
the shutdown of the whole plant.
Black start Diesel Generator is capable of
supplying startup power for one Gas
Turbine. DG Set is always kept in pre-
lubricated condition. At any time through
pre Lubricated Pump on failure of supply
this Pump stops. DG start with air motor.
Prior to start of air motor air operated
Lubricating Oil Pump starts & ensure
proper lubrication to all bearings. DG Set
takes 15 seconds from initiations of start
signal. Gas Turbine takes 6 minutes for
synchronization from start command of
Gas Turbine.
ABOUT STATION TRANSFORMERS, UAT
AND GERNERATOR CB
The electrical system at the Dadri Gas
Power station has no provision for a station
transformer (to convert 220KV/6.6KV).
Instead the generator circuit breakers and
the unit auxiliary transformers take its job.
The UAT is with every GT and generator
circuit breaker for each of the STs.

UNIT AUXILLARY TRANSFORMER

Placed in parallel to each of the GTs, this
transformer does the lowering of the
voltage from the generated 10.5KV to
6.6KV that can be used for the operation of
the plant. This provision of a more bulky
and expensive station transformer with the
small sized 16 MVA auxiliary transformers.

GENERATOR CIRCUIT BREAKER

SF6 circuit breaker having rated capacity
of 10,000 A has been installed between
bus duct and generator transformer.
During start up the generator circuit
breaker remains open and aux. power is
supplied by back feeding from the
generator transformer. When generator is
synchronized and loaded part of its power
supplied to UAT and rest goes to grid. This
breaker has eliminated need of a separate
station transformer and additional benefit
achieved from increased flexibility and the
reduction of voltage and surge problem on
auxiliary drives of the gas turbine which
would have been subjected to frequent
change over of supply from station to unit
and unit to station supply for each start
and trips.

STATIC FREQUENCY CONVERTER (SFC)

A gas turbine generator is not self starting
machine i.e. It can not accelerate to rated
speed from standstill/from turning gear
speed; by its own energy (combustion and
force of hot gases). Separate power is
required for startup. For this a static
frequency converter is installed. Generator
is run as motor which accelerate. Coupled
gas turbine from turning speed. At 480
RPM ignition takes place and at 600 RPM
combustion in combustion chamber starts.
The whole mass accelerated upto 2100
RPM with SFC and turbine power. At this
speed SFC switched off. At this speed
turbine accelerate with its own power
achieved through flew gases and reaches
to rated speed of 3000 RPM. At 2900 RPM
excitation breaker switched on and
generation of power takes place after
getting synchronized to grid.

SFC MAIN COMPONENTS

1. Mains Converter.
2. Inductive coil for DC smoothening.
3. Motor Converter (Inverter)
4. Isolators
5. Control circuit and protection as
(LOGISTAT) is the control system in “PC”
(Programmable Control Techniques) used
for SFC & excitation system.

ADVANTAGES OF SFC GENERATORS

Gas turbines are designed for Black start
hence starting GT via SFC has a high
degree of availability. As in starting for
SFC power is increased from zero to
required value of 2840 KVA with practically
small rate of rise where as if it is started
from external electric motor it needs to
have starting power six times the rated
value which means we have to install DG
set of higher capacity. Where as starting
with SFC we need DG set of 2600 KVA with
overload capacity of 2840 KVA for few
minutes

THE SWITCHYARD
The switchyard consists of an arrangement
of circuit breakers, isolators, current
transformers, capacitive voltage
transformers, lightning arrestors, bus bar
arrangement and bay arrangements. The
220KV gas switchyard has the following
equipment:

1. Circuit breaker type SF6

10 nos
2. Isolator without earth switch staggered
type 1600A 5 nos
3. Isolator with two earth switch 1250 A
6 nos
4. Isolator with two earth switch 2500A
2 nos
5. Isolator without earth switch staggered
type 1250A 12 nos
6. Isolator with one earth switch 1600A
3 nos
7. Isolator with two earth switch 1600A
3 nos
8. Isolator with one earth switch 1250A
6 nos
9. Current transformer
27 nos
10. Capacitor voltage transformer
6 nos
11. Post insulators
74 nos
12. Current transformer with extended
current 150% 3 nos
13. Lighting Arrestors
18 nos

MINIMUM CLEARANCE FOR 245 KV

1. Phase to Phase 2700
2. Phase to Earth 2300
3. Ground clearance 5500
4. Section clearance 5000
5. To the nearest part not on earth
2500

245KV SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKER

The breakers in the 220KV switch yard are
245KV rated BHEL made breakers. The
rated short circuit current is 40KA for
duration of 3 seconds. The normal current
being 2000A. SF6 gas is very effective in
arc extinguishing as it is 5 times heavier
than air and has approximately twice the
dielectric strength. The circuit breaker is
completely sealed and operates as a
closed system thereby no flame is released
during operation and the noise level is
considerably reduced.

ISOLATORS
The isolators are used to remove the
excess voltage remaining on the bus and
bays after the operating of a circuit
breaker. The type is rotating centre post
type. The following interlocks are provided
with the isolator:
1. Isolator cannot operate unless the
breaker is open
2. Bus 1 and 2 cannot operate
simultaneously
3. This interlock can be bypassed in the
event of closing of bus coupler breaker.
4. No isolator can operate when the
corresponding earth switch is open.
5. Only one bay can be taken on the
bypass bus.
The isolators are 245KV rated with control
unit of 220V DC, The rated current is
1250A.

CURRENT TRANSFORMER
The current transformer is placed for
measuring current and for differential
protection of the transformers. They have
highest system temperature of 945 with
rated primary current of 1600A. The
extended thermal current ratings of the
CTs are 2400A, and insulation level of
460/1050.

CAPACITIVE VOLATAGE TRANSFORMER

These are used for the voltage and
capacitance measurement. They have
highest system voltage of245KV, and rated
insulation level of 245/460/1050 KV. The
HV capacitance (C1) is 4840 pf and sec cap
of 48400 pf. The rated voltage is 220/53KV
and total thermal burden of 1000VA.

LIGHTENING ARRESTORS
Lightening Arrestors are a protection
against surge and in case of lightening
strikes. They provide much needed
protection against surges to transformers
and other equipment. The type of LA is
ZnO type. It consists of 3 enclosures of
ZnO each capable of bearing a voltage of
73KV. In case of higher voltages in the
line, are allowed to pass through the LA
into the ground. LA consists of a strike
counter and an ammeter to measure
normal conditions.

INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY
It is a technique for producing an image of
invisible (to our eyes) infrared light emitted
by objects due to their thermal condition.
Thermography cameras can actually
measure the temperatures of an object
and produce images that make
interpretation of thermal patterns easier.

ELECTRONICS INVOLVED IN THE

CAMERA
The electronics contains circuit to process,
digitize and reformat the IR signal to color
or black and white images in the view
finder. A microprocessor performs internal
calibration as camera temperature
changes, as lenses are installed or control
settings are altered. The microprocessor
also accesses each picture element and
then calculates temperature, using tables
corresponding to the combination of
optical filters and lens in use.

METHOD OF MAINTENANCE
All the points which are generating hot
spots (ie high temperature) or dangerous
temperature zones are taken for
maintenance depending upon availability
of permit to work. If the point is in danger
zone immediately shutdown is taken for
repair. If the temperature of the equipment
are not too much then periodically check
the temperature of that particular point
and if it remains in safe region then this
point is attended in the next coming
shutdown, mean while the required
materials are arranged.

COOLING PROCESS (STIRLING CYCLE)

High performance detector systems such
as one here require cooling to cryogenic
temperatures for peak performance.
Typically these detectors are cooled to
liquid nitrogen temperatures (77K, -196 C).
The sterling cycle cooling engine is
fundamentally a compression- expansion
refrigerator with no valves, instead , it
incorporates a regenerator is a tube of
porous material that has low thermal
conductivity to maintain a temperature
gradient and high heat capacity to act as
an efficient heat exchanger. The process
involves:
STEP 1: ISOTHERMAL EXPANSION
STEP 2: CONSTANT VOLUME GAS
TRANSFER
STEP 3: ISOTHERMAL EXPANSION
STEP 4: CONSTANT VOLUME GAS
TRANSFER

HVDC TRANSMISSION
HVDC Transmission is a low loss mode of
transmission used to transmit power at
very high voltages of +/-500KV.A HVDC
line runs from Rihand to Dadri with
capacity of 1500MW. The transmission loss
is about 3% as compared to 8% in AC
transmission. Another advantage of HVDC
is that it can be used to transmit power
both ways. The conversion from DC/AC is
done by using 12 step Thyristors. The
power transfer can be changed by
changing the firing angle which is another
advantage of HVDC. An inverter is
stationed at Dadri which can be used as a
converter as well. The power after
conversion to AC is transmitted from the
combined switchyard which is the largest
in Asia having a capacity of 4500MW.
There are 4 HVDC lines in India; all are
maintained by the Power Grid Corporation
of India.

HVDC LINE DATA

1. Line length 815 kms
2. No. of towers 2142
3. Conductor per pole 4
4. Area 725mm2
5. Line to line clearance 12.75 m
6. Line to ground clearance 12.50
m TERMINAL DATA
1. Rating 2*750MW, +/-
500KV
2. Overload rating 1650MW (low
ambient or 2 hour o/l)
3. Short time overload 1000MW
per pole (5 sec)
4. Thyristor values 6.5KV, 1568A,
Water cooled
5. Converter transformer
1phase, 3 wdg, 305 MVA
6. AC filters 3*230MVAR
7. DC filters 2*(12th, HP24)