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Owing to the physical limitations of measuring devices and the system under study, every
practical measurement will always have some errors. Several types of errors occur in a
measurement system. These include;
Static Errors:
They are caused by limitations of the measuring device or the physical laws governing its
behaviour.
Dynamic Errors:
They are caused by the instrument not responding fast enough to follow the changes in measured
variable. A practical example can be seen in a situation where the room thermometer does not
show the correct temperature until several minutes after the temperature has reached a steady
value.
Random Errors:
These may be due to causes which can not be readily established; could also be caused by random
variations in the system under study.
(a) To collect measured values (Output values) of standard values(Input values) provided by a
standard input reference.
(b) To complete verification/calibration tables for upscale and down scale values( 5 or 3 points)
(c) To calculate the error on the output signal and to compare the result with the expected
accuracy.
If ERROR is greater than the EXPECTED ACCURACY, we carry out necessary adjustments to
reduce this error within the expected accuracy (calibration process)
These basic steps above are illustrated in the flowchart for a five point calibration below:
You should familiarize yourself with other basic concepts of instrument calibration from Basic
Principles of Instrument Calibration