Name Chapter 1--Introduction to Psychology

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Question 1 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

Question The emphasis on understanding both the mind and behavior is what distinguishes psychology from the closely related field of
philosophy.
Answer True
False

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Question 2 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

Question Unlike counseling psychologists, both clinical psychologists and psychiatrists have medical degrees and are licensed to
prescribe medications when treating psychological disorders.
Answer True
False

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Question 3 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

Question Human factors psychologists are applied psychologists who play a key role in the design and engineering of new products.
Answer True
False

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Question 4 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

Question Nowadays, clinical psychologists in all states are able to prescribe medications to treat mental disorders.
Answer True
False

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Question 5 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

Question René Descartes rejected the separation of mind and body and assumed that the "mind" is simply brain activity.
Answer True
False

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Question 6 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

Question The philosophical position known as empiricism suggests that knowledge arises directly from experience.
Answer True
False

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Question 7 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

Question When Gestalt psychologists argued that humans are born with certain fixed ways of viewing the world, they took a nativist
position.
Answer True
False

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Question 8 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

Question By natural selection, Darwin meant that some individuals are better than others at overcoming obstacles and solving the
problems present in their environment.
Answer True
False

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Question 9 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

Question The first psychology laboratory was established in 1879 at the University of Leipzig by William James.
Answer True
False

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Question 10 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

Question Through the use of systematic introspection, Titchener's laboratory was one of the first to document that complex tastes could
be broken down into four elementary tastes.
Answer True
False

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Question 11 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

Question A functionalist would argue that to understand how memory works, you first need to know which memory processes are innate
and which are modified through experience.
Answer True

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 False

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Question 12 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

Question Functionalism considered the fundamental problem in psychology to be the understanding of the elemental components of the
human mind.
Answer True
False

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Question 13 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

Question The intellectual leader of the behaviorist movement was John B. Watson who was convinced that psychology should discard
all references to consciousness or mental events.
Answer True
False

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Question 14 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

Question One of Sigmund Freud's unique contributions to psychology was his emphasis on using systematic introspection to determine
the unconscious determinants of behavior.
Answer True
False

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Question 15 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

Question The humanistic movement rejected Freud's key ideas and focused instead on humans' capacity for self-awareness, choice,
and personal growth.
Answer True
False

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Question 16 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

Question The first woman to be elected president of the American Psychological Association was Margaret Floy Washburn.
Answer True
False

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Question 17 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

Question A shift away from behaviorism began with an influential movement that is sometimes called the cognitive revolution.
Answer True
False

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Question 18 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

Question Freud's approach to psychology is best described as belonging to the eclectic approach.
Answer True
False

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Question 19 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

Question The schools of psychology referred to as behaviorism were helped along by attacks on Darwin's theory of evolution.
Answer True
False

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Question 20 True/False 0 points Modify Remove

Question Psychological research has shown that cultural factors have an influence on basic mental processes such as memory,
perception, and reasoning.
Answer True
False

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Question 21 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question Psychologists use the term ____________________ to refer to the contents and processes of subjective experience, such as
sensations, thoughts, and emotions.
Answer mind
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Question 22 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question Psychologists use the term ____________________ to refer to actions, such as moving about, talking, and gesturing.
Answer behavior
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Question 23 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

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 Question In her job as a(n) ____________________, Jocelyn diagnoses and treats psychological problems.
Answer clinical psychologist
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Question 24 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question In his job as a(n) ____________________, he prescribes drugs to patients as part of a treatment program for their mental
disorders.
Answer psychiatrist
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Question 25 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question Together, clinical psychologists and ____________________ make up the majority of the profession of counseling
psychology.
Answer counseling psychologists
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Question 26 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question In her job as a(n) ____________________, Marilyn works with high school students to help them perform well academically
and socially.
Answer school psychologist
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Question 27 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question In her job as a(n) ____________________, Cynthia designs and engineers new products.
Answer human factors psychologist
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Question 28 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question John considers himself a(n) ____________________ because his work involves extending the principles of psychology to
practical, everyday problems in the real world.
Answer applied psychologist
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Question 29 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question In his job as a(n) ____________________, Mark conducts experiments in an attempt to discover the basic principles of
behavior and mind.
Answer research psychologist
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Question 30 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question In her job as a(n) ____________________, Jennifer seeks to understand how biological or genetic factors influence behavior.
Answer biopsychologist
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Question 31 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question In his job as a(n) ____________________, Nathaniel focuses on higher mental processes, such as memory, learning, and
reasoning.
Answer cognitive psychologist
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Question 32 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question In his job as a(n) ____________________, Jackson studies how behavior and mental processes change over the course of
the life span.
Answer developmental psychologist
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Question 33 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question In his job as a(n) ____________________, Carl investigates how people think about, influence, and relate to other people.
Answer social psychologist
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Question 34 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question Empiricism refers to the view that ____________________ arises directly from experience.
Answer knowledge
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Question 35 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question In the 17th century, the French Philosopher ____________________ argued that the mind and body are separate.
Answer Rene Descartes
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Question 36 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question In the 17th century, the French Philosopher René Descartes argued that the mind and ____________________ are separate.
Answer body
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Question 37 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

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 Question In the 17th century, the French Philosopher René Descartes believed that the ____________________ was the part of the
mind that controlled the actions of the mechanical body.
Answer pineal gland
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Question 38 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question Some kinds of knowledge and ideas are ____________________, which means that they are in place at the time the child is
born.
Answer innate
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Question 39 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question The view of ____________________ presumes that certain kinds of knowledge and ideas are innate.
Answer nativism
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Question 40 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question According to the movement called ____________________, humans are born with a certain fixed way of visually perceiving
the world.
Answer gestalt psychology
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Question 41 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question According to ____________________, some individuals are better than others at overcoming obstacles and solving the
problems present in their environment.
Answer Darwin
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Question 42 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question Darwin emphasized the role of ____________________, which is the process by which some individuals and their traits
endure in an environment when others do not.
Answer natural selection
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Question 43 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question In 1879, ____________________ established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig Germany.
Answer Wilhelm Wundt
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Question 44 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question The school of psychology referred to as ____________________ studied immediate conscious experience, focusing
specifically on the elementary parts of the mind, such as sensations and feelings.
Answer structuralism
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Question 45 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question Advocates of structuralism studied ____________________ and ____________________, which were thought to be the
elementary parts of the mind.
Answer sensations, feelings
feelings, sensations
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Question 46 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question The school of psychology referred to as ____________________ aimed to understand how consciousness worked.
Answer functionalism
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Question 47 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question The psychologist ____________________ is well known for his description of consciousness as a flowing and ever-changing
stream.
Answer William James
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Question 48 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question The school of psychology referred to as ____________________ focuses exclusively on observable behavior.
Answer behaviorism
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Question 49 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question The psychologist ____________________ is known for calling his new approach to psychology behaviorism.
Answer John Watson
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Question 50 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question B.F. Skinner became influential by advocating the ____________________ approach to psychology.
Answer behaviorist
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Question 51 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question Psychoanalysis, which was developed by ____________________, presumed that the mind and its contents must be
analyzed extensively before effective treatments can begin.
Answer Freud
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Question 52 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question Freud developed the system of therapy referred to as ____________________, which presumed that the mind and its
contents must be analyzed extensively before effective treatments can begin.
Answer psychoanalysis
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Question 53 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question Human nature was viewed by ____________________ as the product of unconscious urges related to sex and aggression.
Answer Freud
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Question 54 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question The 20th-century movement in psychology called ____________________ is associated with Carl Rogers and Abraham
Maslow.
Answer humanistic psychology
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Question 55 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question The psychologists ____________________ and Abraham Maslow are associated with the movement in psychology called
humanistic psychology.
Answer Carl Rogers
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Question 56 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question In the 21st century, most psychologists adopt a(n) ____________________ approach to psychology, in that they refuse to
accept just one school of thought.
Answer eclectic
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Question 57 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question In the history of psychology, the ____________________ began as behaviorism was losing popularity.
Answer cognitive revolution
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Question 58 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question In the history of psychology, the cognitive revolution began as ____________________ was losing popularity.
Answer behaviorism
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Question 59 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question Behaviorism was helped along by persistent attacks on the theory of ____________________, which focused on contributions
of inherited traits.
Answer Darwin
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Question 60 Fill in the Blank 0 points Modify Remove

Question Psychologists use the term ____________________ to refer to the shared values, customs, and beliefs of a group or
community.
Answer culture
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Question 61 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

Question Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior. Describe what is meant by the terms mind and behavior.
Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 62 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

Question Describe how the jobs of a clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist are similar and how are they are different?
Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 63 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

Question Describe how the jobs of a clinical psychologist and a counseling psychologist are similar and how are they are different?
Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 64 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

Question Describe how the jobs of an industrial/organizational psychologist and a human factors psychologist are similar and how are
they different?
Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 65 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

Question Describe how the jobs of a research psychologist and an applied psychologist differ.
Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 66 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

Question Briefly describe the results obtained by Anthony Antonio and his colleagues (Antonio et al., 2004) as outlined in Chapter One's
Practical Solutions feature. Using the results from that study, provide several suggestions for ways in which colleges and universities
might promote complex thinking among their undergraduate students.
Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 67 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

Question Contrast Descartes' solution to the mind-body problem with the approach taken by most modern psychologists.
Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 68 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

Question Discuss the philosophical differences between the nativist and the empiricist view of how knowledge is obtained.
Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 69 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

Question What were the views of those in the Gestalt psychology movement?
Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 70 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

Question In your own words, explain Darwin's view of natural selection.

Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 71 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

Question Define natural selection and explain how it relates to the debate about the origins of knowledge and behavior.
Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 72 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

Question Compare and contrast the structuralist and the functionalist approaches to the study of behavior and mental processes.
Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 73 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

Question Discuss the new focus that Watson brought to the study of psychology and how his approach changed methods of
psychological research.
Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 74 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

Question Discuss the main differences between Freud's psychoanalytic view and the humanistic view to understanding human behavior
and motivation.
Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 75 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

Question Identify at least two key women who were early pioneers in the field of psychology and discuss their contributions.
Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 76 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

Question Describe what it means for a psychologist to adopt an eclectic approach.

Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 77 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

Question When did the cognitive revolution occur and what type of change occurred in psychology at that time.
Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 78 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

Question Describe the biological approach's contribution to modern psychology.

Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 79 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

Question Trace recent developments in evolutionary psychology and discuss how concepts from evolutionary theory are having an

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 impact on modern psychology.
Answer Answer not provided.
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Question 80 Essay 0 points Modify Remove

Question In your own words, explain what is meant by the term culture.
Answer Answer not provided.
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