The 2010 Pakistan floods began in July 2010 following heavy monsoon rains in the Khyber

Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh, Punjab and Balochistan regions of Pakistan. Present estimates indicate that over
two thousand people[2] have died and over a million homes have been destroyed since the flooding
began.[3] The United Nations estimates that more than 21 million[4] people are injured or homeless as a
result of the flooding, exceeding the combined total of individuals affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean
tsunami, the 2005 Kashmir earthquake and the 2010 Haiti earthquake.[5] At one point, approximately one-
fifth of Pakistan's total land area was underwater due to the flooding.[6][7][8]

UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has asked for an initial $460 million for emergency relief, noting that
the flood was the worst disaster he had ever seen. 50% of the relief funds requested has been received
as of 15 August 2010.[9] The U.N. is concerned that aid is not arriving fast enough, while the World Health
Organization reported that ten million people were forced to drink unsafe water.[10] The Pakistani
economy has been harmed by extensive damage to infrastructure and crops.[11] Structural damages are
estimated to exceed 4 billion USD, andwheat crop damages are estimated to be over 500 million USD.
[12]
Officials estimate the total economic impact to be as much as 43 billion USD.[13][14]

Flooding and impact

Monsoon rains were forecast to continue into early August and were described as the worst in this area in
the last 80 years.[23] The Pakistan Meteorological Department said that over 200 mm (7.88 inches) of rain
fell over a 24-hour period over a number of places of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab and more was
expected.[24]A record-breaking 274 mm (10.7 inches) rain fell in Peshawar during 24 hours,[25]previously
187 mm (7.36 inches) of rain was recorded in April 2009.[26] So far 500,000 or more people have been
displaced from their homes.[23] On 30 July,Manuel Bessler, head of the UN Office for the Coordination of
Humanitarian Affairs, stated that 36 districts were involved, and 950,000 people were affected,[27] although
within a day, reports increased that number to as high as a million,[28] and by mid-August to nearly 20
million affected.[29] The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provincial minister of information, Mian Iftikhar Hussain, said
"the infrastructure of this province was already destroyed by terrorism. Whatever was left was finished off
by these floods."[30] He also called the floods "the worst calamity in our history."[31] Four million Pakistanis
were left with food shortages.[32]

Officials have warned that the death toll could rise, as many towns and villages are not accessible, and
communications have been disrupted. In some areas, the water level was 5.5 m (18 ft) high and residents
were seen on roof-tops waiting for aid to arrive.[31] At least 1,588 people have been injured, 222,600
houses and 4,600 villages have been damaged or destroyed.[33] The Karakoram Highway, which connects
Pakistan with China, was closed after a bridge was destroyed.[34] The ongoing devastating floods in
Pakistan will have a severe impact on an already vulnerable population, says the International Committee
of the Red Cross (ICRC). In addition to all the other damages the floods have caused, floodwater have
destroyed much of the health care infrastructure in the worst-affected areas, leaving inhabitants especially
vulnerable to water-borne disease.[35] In Sindh, the Indus River burst its banks near Sukkur on 8 August,
submerging the village of Mor Khan Jatoi.[32] There is also an absence of law and order, mainly in
Sindh.Looters have been taking advantage of the floods by ransacking abandoned homes using boats.[36]

Potential long term effects

[edit]Food

Floods have submerged 17 million acres (69,000 km2) of Pakistan's most fertile crop land, have killed
200,000 herd of livestock and have washed away massive amounts of grain. A major concern is that
farmers will be unable to meet the fall deadline for planting new seeds in 2010, which implies a massive
loss of food production in 2011, and potential long term food shortages.[53] The agricultural damages are
more than 2.9 billion dollars, according to recent estimates, and include over 700,000 acres (2,800 km2)
of lost cotton crops, 200,000 acres (810 km2) of sugar cane and 200,000 acres (810 km2) of rice, in
addition to the loss of over 500,000 tonnes of stocked wheat, 300,000 acres (1,200 km2) of animal fodder
and the stored grain losses.[54][55]

Agricultural crops such as cotton, rice, and sugarcane and to some extent mangoes were badly affected
in Punjab, according to a Harvest Tradings-Pakistan spokesman. He called for the international
community to fully participate in the rehabilitation process, as well as for the revival of agricultural crops in
order to get better GDP growth in the future.

In affected Multan Division in South Punjab, some people were seen to be engaging in profit-taking in this
disaster, raising their prices up to Rs 130/kg. Some have called for Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited to write
off all agricultural loans in the affected areas in Punjab, Sindh andKhyber Pukhtunkhwa especially for
small farmers.[56]

[edit]Infrastructure

Floods have damaged an estimated 2,433 miles of highway and 3,508 miles (5,646 km) of railway. Cost
estimates for highway damages are approximately 158 million USD, and railway damages are 131 million
USD. Any unique or particularly large infrastructure damages will increase these estimates.[12] Public
building damages are estimated at 1 billion USD.[12]

[edit]Taliban insurgency

The flood will divert Pakistani military forces from fighting the Pakistani Taliban insurgents (TTP) in the
northwest because they will be needed to help in the relief effort.[57] It is feared that this will allow Taliban
fighters to regroup.[58] On the other hand, some are suggesting that by helping flood victims, the US has
an opportunity to improve its image.[59]
The Pakistani Taliban have also engaged in relief efforts and are making inroads where the government
is absent or seen as corrupt.[60] As the flood may have dislodged many property markers, it is feared that
governmental delay and corruption will give an advantage to the Taliban to settle these disputes swiftly.
[60]
A Taliban spokesperson asked the Pakistani government to reject Western help from "Christians and
Jews" and claimed that the Taliban could raise $20 million to replace that aid.[60][61]

According to a US official the TTP had issued a threat saying that it will launch attacks against foreigners
participating in flood relief operations.[62] In response, the United Nations said it was reviewing security
arrangements for its workers. The World Health Organization stated that work in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
province was already suffering because of the security concerns there.[63] However, an unverified Taliban
spokesperson based in Orakzai told The Express Tribune: “We have not issued any such threat; and we
don’t have any plans to attack relief workers."[64] Reportedly three American Christians were killed by the
Taliban on August 25 in the Swat Valley.[65]

[edit]Political effects

Floods have been theorized to have future political consequences mostly due to public perception of
governance inefficacies and it has been said that if the situation is not adequately addressed specially
with fight against terrorism going on in Pakistan, it might lead to future political unrest. These political
effects of the floods have been compared with that of 1970 Bhola cyclone.[66][67][68][69][70][71]

[edit]Economic effects

On 7 September 2010, the International Labour Organization reported that more than 5.3 million jobs
have been lost due to the floods, emphasizing that "productive and labor intensive job creation
programmes are urgently needed to lift millions of people out of poverty that has been aggravated by
flood damage".[72][73][74] The GDP growth rate of 4% prior to the floods may turn negative with the estimates
ranging from -2% to -5% of GDP. Though the GDP growth may improve in 2011 and beyond, it will be
several years before it can return to the 4% level of 2009. The loss of crops will hit the textile
manufacturing which is the largest export sector of Pakistan. Furthermore, the loss of over 10 million
heads of livestock's along with the loss of other crops will bring down the total agricultural production by
more than 15%. Toyotaand Unilever Pakistan have said that the floods may sap growth, necessitating
production cuts as people struggle to cope with the destruction. Parvez Ghias the chief executive of
Pakistan's largest motor automaker Toyota described the economy's state as "fragile". Nationwide car
sales are predicted to fall as much as 25%, forcing automakers to reduce production in October 2010
from the pre-flood level of 200 cars per day. The milk supplies have also fallen by 15%, which will cause
the retail price of milk to increase by Pk Rs 4 (5 US cents) per liter. Some investors have started to buy
the devalued stock in the hope that they will rise again