Engineering Circuit Analysis, Eighth Edition Practice Problem Solutions

8.1 G,263)

From Eqn. 3, we know we may write the current through the resistor as

-tu/ -ro0u/
i(t) = 10" /L = 6e '/so&ro-' .

Thus,i(0.52s) = 6e-'o%oo = 812.0 rnA

8.2 G,267)

For/<0, l0Vappearsacrossthe4Qresistor,soadccurrentofl0l4A:2.5Aflowsthrough
the inductor (which acts as a short circuit).

For / > 0, the battery is removed so we write the simple KVL equation:

104 + v = Q where u= S*. Thus, l}i, +5+ =0, which has the characteristic equation
dt dt
l0 + 5s = 0, with solution s: -2.

Thus, we can represent the circuit with the equation iLQ) = ir(0)e"' = 2.5e4' A.

Finally, u= S9 = 5Q.5)(-2)"-'' =
dt

8.3 @270)

i(t):foe-'t" and t(0):fo

(a) i(2r)
\-'l
i(r)
=4=
e-r

i(o-Sc)
ft)
\/ t(0)
-_ e-o, =

(c) t
\/ ,(0)
'\D' = s-t/t = 0.2, so - -(,n0.2 =
T

(d) if r(0) -i(t) - ,(0) (,n2

Then i(t) - i(0) - t(0) tn2- t(0) [t - [n2]= t(0) "-t/t
t
Thus, l- lnz - ,-t/t and so - -l,n(l - (,n2)
T

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 Engineering Circuit Analysis, Eighth Edition Practice Problem Solutions

8.4 G,275)

Before the switch is thrown, the 80 C) resistor is connected only by one of its terminals and
therefore may be ignored. (i 0) :
With no current flow permitted through the capacitor (it is assumed any transients have long
since died out), . We know v(0) : 50 V since the capacitor voltage cannot change in
zero time.

After the switch is thrown, the onlyremaining circuit is a simple source-free RC circuit.

With r = RC =160 ps,

v(t)=v(0)e-'/" so v(t)=50e-; :
8.5 @278)

For / < 0: tr(O-) = 0, lr(0-) =2x 0.4 A,

= ^=
2+8
andrr(0-) =2-0.4 =1.6 A

For / > 0,10006 of the 2-A source contributes to iz. The 8-O resistor is shorted out so

Thus, i2(t)=2-iLQ)

where
iLG)=ir(o*)e-,/" _0.4 =0.2,
and, r=L
ir(0.)=t(0-)=1.6A n 2

so i, (o.rs)=
'
r.or*o[:9Ll]=
L\0.2
)
and t, (0.15) =1.244 A

8.6 (p280)

For t < o, vr(o-) - I2o, - ]250 -

1250+250

v(0-)=lrro, l" 400

zoo0ttsoo
L 600+ 200011s001 400+100 =
At t:0*, the capacitor voltage cannot differ from its value at t:0-.

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 Engineering Circuit Analysis, Eighth Edition Practice Problem Solutions

Thus,

and with the source removed,

v(0*)=r"10.y"[--41!99--lr-^=000,^^
' 1850+2000//5001 100+400
= tr]

?= R* .c =ltzsott(850+2000//500)]x4xl0{
= 2.5 ms

v"(1.3 rns) = l}}e'r3t25 -

Replacing uc (0*) in Eq. [1] with vs (l.3ms) yields v(I.3 ms) =t?=1t t25.6=
100

8.7 G,282)

(a) We approach problem by nodal analysis, choosing the bottom node as our reference:

0 = 0.5vr +vr-vc or 3vr-2v" =Q tl]

and

-1.5v, =U++o.oozff pl

Simpliffing Eqn 2 and,noting that from Eqn 1 we know u, =1u", we can write a single

0.002+*(r*1)u"" = 0. This has the

differential equation that describes the circuit:
dt \. 3i
characteristic equation 0.002s 413:0, which has solution s: -2000/3.
+
Thus, we may write the capacitor voltage as v"(t) = vc(O)e" =lleaooo/3 Y .

(b) Since the voltage decays, rather than grows, with time,

8.8 (p286)

(a) 3 - 0 + 0.8:
(b) l4l (0) - 0
(c) 2 sin 0.8 rr-

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 Engineering Circuit Analysis, Eighth Edition Practice Problem Solutions

8.e (p28e)

(a) t = I-,so only 60 V is across the RL circuit. Thus

lvr(0-l =qana lirlO-;l =# =

(b) At t:0*, the source voltage changes to 60 - 40 = 20 V. The inductor current cannot
change, so = . The current through the resistor is 6 A, so the voltage dropped
lt(0.)l
across the inductor is 20 - l0 (6) : - 40V. Thus,
lvr(0.;l=

(c) At t: o, the source voltage is 20 V but all transients have died out. Thus,

l;r(*)l = # = and lvr(o)l = 0. rh. direction of ir has not changed.

(d) For I > 0, lir(r)l =l ;r1-;+[ir1o.y-;,1 qf"-"'l

where lirlt1l=2 s and r =LA= t#{ = 5 ms .

Thus, ir(3 ms) =2+(6-2)e-zrs - 95 A

We then find that lvr(3 ms)l =lzo-+.tss00) l=

8.10 @2e3)

(a) v"(0-) = 0 so ir(0-) =q

(b) L(0.) = jr(o-) so ir(o*) =Q

t: R./L :41200
= l/50 s
i1:201200: 0.1 A (treating inductor as a short circuit)

: i"(t) + y, where yis given above and

We expect a solution of the form i(t)
i,(t)= f"-1. Thus, i(t)= y"-sw +0.1. Since i(0):0, K: -0.1 A: -100 mA. Thus,
i(t)- 1oo(1 -e-sot ) -R.

(c) i1(8 ms) = (note time units are NOT seconds; convert first)

(d) i1(5 ms) =

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 Engineering Circuit Analysis, Eiehth Edition Practice Problem Solutions

8.1 I (p295)

(a) in (01= 0

(b) iz (0-) :0 so iz (0+) : g

Thus, all of the source current is shunted through the 60-Q resistor; hence,
jn (0):

(c) r"(-) = 19" --19- =

40+60

(6.; ,= L = o'l =lms

R"n 40+60

=;:;lJJ;:1,,
i^Q)
-r " ""
so ia (1.5 ms):

8.r2 (p2e8)

(a) At t: 0-, only the current source is on, so

vc(0-) - txl2s il(20+ 80)] -

(b) vr(0*) - y.(0-), so yc(0.)
-
(c) At t- @, both sources are on, so

v, (*) = t x lzs tt(20+ so)] + 10

q99)
" 125
-20+g-2gv
(d) vr(t) = vc(*) * [u. (0. ) -vrt*)] ,-ttt

where x: R.qC
R.q -- 25lll00 :20 kO, so r: 100 ms

Thus, vr(80 ms) - 28+120 -281e-80ttoo

:24.41 V

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 Engineering Circuit Analysis, Eighth Edition Practice Problem Solutions

8.13 (p300)
For /< 0, all voltages and currents atezero, so v(0*): v(0) = g.

For / > 0, we begin by pulling off the capacitor and performing a Th6venin transformation on
the remaining circuit, yielding a final circuit consisting of a voltage source 23.5cos3t V in series
with 14.7 C) in series with the 22 pF capacitor.

Writing a simple KVL equation, -23.5cos3t + l4.7ic r v:0 and noting that

i"" = C4 = 22xrct +, we can describe the voltage across the capacitor using
dt dt'
- 23.5cos3 t +(14.7)22x l0-5 !+u
dt
=O

or
L + 3092v = 72.67x l0-' cos 3t
dt

Anticipating that v(t): ufit) + v,(r) with v,(t) = y"-ttr = Keaoez and

f "to" Q2.67x l0-3 oo*tpt

v
/t) = " " xl0-3 co*tpt = e-to'o
"n' I "" 02.67
Performing the indicated integration, we find that u(t):23.5cos3t + 0.0228sin3/ V.
Thus, v(t):23.5cos3t + 0.0228sin3t + Ke-3oeo . Since v(0) : 0, K: -23.5 V and
uli:23.5cos3t + 0.0228sin3t -23.5e-30e' V.

8.14 (p305)
(a) The first term charges up the inductor, governed by the circuit time constant of UR 100 :
ms. Since the second term does not activate until r :2 s, a fulI 20 time constants later, the
voltage across the resistor reaches 3 V at around t:
0.5 s and stays there until 2 s. This
results in a current which increases to 3 A. At 2 s, the second term effectively turns off the
sourco, and the inductor begins to release its stored energy. It takes roughly 5 time constants
for all of the energy to be dissipated (througfu the resistor), but since the third term does not
activate until r = 3 s, the inductor current has plurty of time to reach zero. At t:
4 s, the
process repeats.

(b) The first two terms are identical to part (a), so we expect the inductor to charge up over
approximately 500 ms, then reach a"dc" current of 3 A until r = 2 s, when the source is
removed and the inductor begins to discharge. However, the source turns on again at t = 2.1
s, only one time constant after the discharge cycle begins, so the inductor cannot fully
discharge. The fourth term does not activate until20 time constants later, so that the
inductor can fully charge again. Thus, the inductor never fully discharges with this pulse
train.

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