Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Introduction
Introduction
In the manual design of reinforced concrete structures, column loads are usually assessed by
considering the support reactions from beams they are supporting, or by the tributary area method. The
later is more popular due to its simplicity and speed, but usually fails to capture all loads that are
imposed directly on the columns, while the former is more complex and time consuming, but very
representative of all the possible loads that are imposed on the column.
Where;
q = Load transferred from slab to the beam
n = load at ultimate limit state
1.4gk + 1.6qk (BS 8110)
1.35gk + 1.5qk (Eurocode 2)
Ly = Length of long span of slab
Lx = Length of short span of the slab
k = Ly/Lx
(3) Analyse the floor beams completely using any suitable method of your choice, while also considering
any additional load that may be on the beam such as wall load and finishes.
(4) Obtain the support reactions of the beam, which represents the load that is transferred from the
floor to the column.
Design Example
In this post, the floor plan shown below is for a shopping complex, and it desired to obtain the
column axial loads at ultimate limit state.
Design Data
Size of all columns = 230 x 230mm
Size of all beams = 450 x 230mm
Thickness of slab = 200mm
Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m3
Unit weight of sandcrete block = 3.47 kN/m2
fck = 25 N/mm2
fyk = 500 N/mm2
Load Analysis
Roof beam
Permanent load on roof beams gk = 6 kN/m
Variable load on roof beam qk = 1.5 kN/m
(These values are assumed)
At ultimate limit state, n = 1.35(6) + 1.5(1.5) = 10.35 kN/m
Load on Beams
External Longitudinal beams (Axis 1:A-D and Axis 3:A-D)
Self weight of beam (factored) = 1.35 × 0.23m × 0.25m × 25 = 1.94 kN/m
Load from slab = nlx/2(1 - 1/3k2) = [(16.6 × 5)/2] × (1 - 1/(3 ×1.22)) = 31.893 kN/m
Load from block work = 12.145 kN/m
Total load = 45.978 KN/m
Ground Floor
Load from above = 50.945 KN
Load from longitudinal floor beam (1:A-D) = 0.4 × 45.978 kN/m × 6m = 110.347 kN
Load from transverse floor beam (A:1-3) = 0.375 × 41.752 kN/m × 5m = 78.285 kN
Self weight of column = 6.695 kN
Total = 246.272 kN
Ground Floor
Load from above = 96.222 KN
Load from longitudinal floor beam (2:A-D) = 0.4 × 65.726 kN/m × 6m = 157.742 kN
Load from transverse floor beam (A:1-3) = 2(0.375 × 41.752 kN/m × 5m) = 156.57 kN
Self weight of column = 6.695 kN
Total = 417.229 kN
Ground Floor
Load from above = 94.415 KN
Load from longitudinal floor beam (1:A-D) = (0.5 × 45.978 kN/m × 6m) + (0.6 × 45.978 kN/m ×
6m) = 303.455 kN
Load from transverse floor beam (B:1-3) = 0.375 × 57.274 kN/m × 5m = 107.388 kN
Self weight of column = 6.695 kN
Total = 511.953 kN
Ground Floor
Load from above = 139.692 KN
Load from longitudinal floor beam (2:A-D) = (0.5 × 65.726 kN/m × 6m) + (0.6 × 65.726 kN/m ×
6m) = 433.7916 kN
Load from transverse floor beam (A:1-3) = 2(0.625 × 57.274 kN/m × 5m) = 357.9625 kN
Self weight of column = 6.695 kN
Total = 938.141 kN
As you can see, that was very straightforward with the use of shear force coefficients, given the
fact that the beams were of equal span. When the beams are not equal, you have to carry out the
analysis, and transfer the shear forces accurately. Now, let us compare load analysis of column
B2, by the tributary area method.