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In vitro study
In Vivo study
Azoxymethane (AOM), 10 % (v/v) neutral buffered formalin, TRI Reagent®, and specific
primers were bought from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). DAH BELI
Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), RPMI-1640 medium, Mycoplex™ fetal
bovine serum (FBS), penicillin and streptomycin (100×), and trypsin EDTA (1×) were
obtained from PAA Laboratories GmBH (Pasching, Austria).
Colorimetric assay kit for caspase-3 and caspase-8 was bought from Genscript Corporation
Inc (Piscataway, NJ, USA).
Western blotting reagents were purchased from Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA, USA).
Primary antibodies included:
o β-catenin (E-5) mouse monoclonal antibody (1:50 dilution, catalogue number sc-7963;
Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.),
o COX-2 (N-20) antibody (1:50 dilution, catalogue number sc-1746; Santa Cruz
Biotechnology, Inc.), and
o rabbit polyclonal to Ki-67 (1:200 dilution, catalogue number AB 66155, Abcam).
a rabbit polyclonal antibody against GST-α and µ (Santa Cruz Biotech, Santa Cruz, CA)
Primary antibodies against Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA)
primary antibodies against cyclin D1 (diluted 1:100) and c-myc (diluted 1:50) (Abcam, UK)
Proteome Profiler Human Apoptosis Array Kit (ARY009) (R&D Systems)
Apoptosis using TUNEL assay - The DeadEnd™ Fluorometric TUNEL System (Promega (Madison,
WI, USA))
Apoptosis
o Acridine orange (AO) and ethidium bromide (EB) double staining assay
Analysis of cell morphology
o Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double staining assay
Detection of early and late apoptotic cell death
o Western blot analysis
Expression of cell cycle controlling proteins/cell signalling pathways
– P21, p27, p53, CDK2, SDK4, cyclin D1, Rb, pRb, caspase-7, PARP and E2F1
– Bax, Bcl-2, procaspase-9, procaspase-3, PARP, NAG-1, and -actin
o DNA fragmentation assay
o Effect on mitochondrial membrane potential and nuclear morphology