Patna - Wikipedia PDF

3/4/2017 Patna Wikipedia
Coordinates: 25.6°N 85.1°E
Patna
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Patna i /ˈpætnә, ˈpʌt/,[6] is the capital and largest city of
the state of Bihar in India. Patna is the secondlargest city in Patna पटना ‫ﭘﮣﻨﺎ‬
eastern India after Kolkata. It had an estimated population of Metropolis
1.68 million in 2011, making it the 19th largest city in India.
With over 2 million people, its urban agglomeration is the
18th largest in India. Patna also serves as the seat of Patna
High Court.
One of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the
world.[7] Patna was founded in 490 BCE by the king of
Magadha. Ancient Patna, known as Pataliputra, was the
capital of the Magadha Empire under the Haryanka, Nanda,
Mauryan, Shunga, Gupta and Pala empires. Pataliputra was a
seat of learning and fine arts. Patliputra was home to many
astrologists and scholars including Aryabhata, Panini,
Vātsyāyana, Chanakya and Kālidāsa.[8][9] Its population
during the Maurya period (around 300 BCE) was about
400,000.[10] Patna served as the seat of power, political and
cultural centre of Indian subcontinent during the Maurya and
Gupta empires. With the fall of Gupta Empire, Patna lost its
glory. It was revived again in the 17th century by the British
as a centre of international trade. Following the partition of
Bengal presidency in 1912, Patna became the capital of
Bihar and Orissa province.[11] Anticlockwise from top: SouthWest Gandhi Maidan
Marg, Stupa of Buddha Smriti Park, Skyline near
The modern city of Patna is situated on the southern bank of Biscomaun Bhawan, Patna Museum, Statue of
river Ganges.[12] The city also straddles the rivers Sone, Mahatma Gandhi in Gandhi Maidan, Mithapur
Gandak and Punpun. The city is approximately 35 kilometres Flyover and river Ganges
(22 mi) in length and 16 to 18 kilometres (9.9 to 11.2 mi)
wide. In June 2009, the World Bank ranked Patna second in
India (after Delhi) for ease of starting a business.[13] As of
2015, Patna's per capita gross domestic product is ₹1,06,000
($1581).[14] Using figures for assumed average annual
Patna पटना ‫ﭘﮣﻨﺎ‬
growth, Patna is the 21st fastest growing city in the world
and 5th fastest growing city in India according to a study by
the City Mayors' Foundation. Patna registered an average
annual growth of 3.72% during 2006–2010.[15] Patna also
has lowest slum population of any city in India.[16][17]
The Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain pilgrimage centres of
Vaishali, Rajgir, Nalanda, Bodh Gaya, and Pawapuri are
nearby and Patna City is also a sacred city for Sikhs as the
tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, was born here.[18] Show map of India
Show map of Bihar
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patna 1/27
Contents Location of Patna in Bihar
Coordinates: 25.6°N 85.1°E
1 Etymology Country India
2 History State Bihar
2.1 Ancient Era Region Magadha
2.2 Mauryan empire Division Patna
2.3 Gupta and Mughal empires District Patna
2.4 British empire Ward 72 wards
2.5 Indian independence movement Founded by Ajatsatru
2.6 Post Independence
3 Geography Government
3.1 Topography • Type Mayor–Council
3.2 Climate • Body Patna Municipal Corporation
3.3 Air pollution • Mayor Afzal Imam
4 Economy • Municipal Abhishek Singh
5 Demographics commissioner
6 Government and public services
Area(2001) [A 1]
6.1 Civic administration
6.2 Patna master plan • Urban 135.79 km2 (52.43 sq mi)
6.3 Utility services • Metro 234.70 km2 (90.62 sq mi)
7 Transport and connectivity • City 99.45 km2 (38.40 sq mi)
7.1 Air
7.2 Rail Elevation[4] 53 m (174 ft)
7.3 Road
7.4 Rapid transit Population (2011)[5]
7.5 Inland Waterways • Density 16,925/km2 (43,840/sq mi)
8 Culture • Urban 2,046,652 (IN: 18th)
9 Tourism • Metro 2,231,554 [A 1]
10 Education • City 1,683,200 (IN: 19th)
11 Sports
12 Media Demonym(s) Patnaite
13 Notable people Languages
14 See also Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
15 Notes
16 References Pincode(s) 800 XXX
17 Further reading Area code(s) +91612
18 External links ISO 3166 INBRPA
code
Vehicle BR 01
registration
Etymology UN/LOCODE IN PAT
Sex ratio 882 (females per 1000 males)[5] ♂/
The name of this city has changed with time. One of the
♀
oldest cities of India, there are several theories regarding the
Literacy 84.71%
origin of the modern name Patna (Devanagari:पटना) :
Lok Sabha Patna Sahib and Pataliputra
(Gurmukhi:ਪਟਨਾ) constituencies
Vidhan Sabha Digha (181), Bankipur (182),
It is etymologically derived from Patan (Devanagari:
constituencies Kumhrar (183), Patna Sahib (184),
पIतन), the name of the Hindu goddess, Patan Devi.[19] Fatuha (185), Danapur (186), Maner
Patan Devi Mandir is still situated in old Patna near (187), PhulwariSC (188), Masaurhi
Gulzarbagh mandi along with another Patan Devi (189), Paliganj (190)
Mandir near Takht Sri Patna Sahib in Patna city. Planning Bihar Urban Infrastructure
agency Development Corporation
Many believe Patna derived its name from Patli, a tree Climate Cwa (Köppen)

variety that was found in abundance in the historic Precipitation 1,100 millimetres (43 in)
[20]
city. (which is also seen on the state tourism's Avg. annual 26 °C (79 °F)
[21]
logo ) temperature
The place is mentioned in Chinese traveller Fa Hien's Avg. summer 30 °C (86 °F)
temperature
records as Palinfou.[19]
The city has been known by various names through Avg. winter 17 °C (63 °F)
temperature
more than 2,000 years of existence – Pataligrama,
Pataliputra, Kusumapura, Kusumdhwaja Website patna.bih.nic.in (http://patna.bih.nic.
Pushpapuram, Padmavathi, Azimabad and the present in)
day Patna. [22][23] patnanagarnigam.in (http://patnanaga
Legend ascribes the origin of Patna to the rnigam.in)
www.paliganjtimes.com (http://ww
mythological King Putraka who created Patna by
w.paliganjtimes.com)
magic for his queen Patali, literally "trumpet flower",
which gives it its ancient name Pataligrama. It is said
1. The metropolis comprises PRDA area,[1] also includes Hajipur
that in honour of the queen's firstborn, the city was
and Sonepur [a]
named Pataliputra. Gram is Sanskrit for village and
Putra means son.[24] Legend also says that the
Emerald Buddha was created in Patna (then Pataliputra) by Nagasena in 43 BCE.[25]
History
Ancient Era
Patna assumed importance and grandeur around 490 BCE[26][27] as Ajatashatru, the king of Magadha, wanted to
shift his capital from the hilly Rajagrha (today's Rajgir) to a strategically located place to better combat the
Licchavis of Vaishali.[28] He chose the site on the bank of the Ganges and fortified the area. Gautama Buddha
travelled through this place in the last year of his life. He prophesied a great future for this place even as he
predicted its ruin due to flood, fire and feud.[29]
Mauryan empire
Megasthenes, the IndoGreek historian and ambassador to the court of Chandragupta Maurya, gave one of the
earliest accounts of the city. He wrote that the city was situated on the confluence of the rivers Ganga and
Arennovoas (Sonabhadra — Hiranyawah) and was 14 kilometres (9 mi) long and 2.82 kilometres (1.75 mi)
wide.[30][31] Megasthenes, the Greek ambassador to India, described the city as the greatest city on earth during its
heyday.[32] The Shungas ultimately retained control of Pataliputra and ruled for almost 100 years. The Shungas
were then followed by the Kanvas and eventually by the Guptas.[33]
A number of Chinese travellers came to India in pursuit of knowledge and recorded their observations about
Pataliputra in their travelogues. One such famous account was recorded by a Chinese Buddhist traveller Fa Hien,
who visited India between 399 and 414 CE, and stayed here for many months translating Buddhist texts.[34]

Pataliputra as a capital Pataliputra as a capital Pataliputra as a capital

of the Magadha of Maurya Empire. of Shunga Empire.
Empire. The Maurya Empire at Approximate greatest
its largest extent under extent of the Shunga
Ashoka the Great. Empire (c. 185 BCE).
Statue of Matrikas found near Agam
Kuan built by Ashoka
Pataliputra as a capital
of Gupta Empire.
Approximate greatest
extent of the Gupta
Empire.
Gupta and Mughal empires
In the years that followed, many dynasties ruled the Indian subcontinent
from the city, including the Gupta dynasty and the Pala kings. With the
disintegration of the Gupta empire, Patna passed through uncertain times.
Bakhtiar Khilji captured Bihar in the 12th century and destroyed many
ancient seats of learning, and Patna lost its prestige as the political and
cultural centre of India.[35]
Guru Gobind Singh (22 December 1666 – 7 October 1708), the tenth Guru
of the Sikhs, was born as Gobind Rai in Patna to Guru Teg Bahadur, the
ninth Guru of the Sikhs, and his wife Mata Gujri. His birthplace, Patna Main street of Patna, showing one
side of the Chowk, 1814–15.
Sahib, is one of the most sacred sites of pilgrimage for Sikhs.[36]
The Mughal period was a period of unremarkable provincial administration from Delhi.[37] The most remarkable
period during the Middle Ages was under the Pathan emperor Sher Shah Suri, who revived Patna in the middle of
the 16th century. He built a fort and founded a town on the banks of the Ganges. Sher Shah's fort in Patna does not
survive, although the Sher Shah Suri mosque, built in Afghan architectural style, does. Mughal emperor Akbar
reached Patna in 1574 to crush the rebellious Afghan Chief Daud Khan. One of the navratnas from Akbar's court,
his official historian and author of "AiniAkbari" Abul Fazl refers to Patna
as a flourishing centre for paper, stone and glass industries. He also refers
to the high quality of numerous strains of rice grown in Patna, famous as
Patna rice in Europe.[38]
By 1620, the city of Patna was being described as the "chefest mart towne
of all Bengala (i.e. largest town in Bengal)[28][39] in northern India, "the
largest town in Bengal and the most famous for trade".[40] This was before
the founding of the city of Calcutta. Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb acceded
to the request of his favourite grandson, Prince Muhammad Azim, to City of Patna, on the River Ganges,
rename Patna as Azimabad, in 1704 while Azim was in Patna as the 19thcentury painting.
subedar. Patna or Azimabad did see some violent activities, according to
Phllip Mason, writing in the book "The Men Who Ruled India". "Aurangzeb had restored the polltax (Jazia) on
unbelievers and this had to be compounded for. In Patna, Peacock the Chief of the factory, was not sufficiently
obliging and was seized, forced to walk through the town bareheaded and barefooted and subjected to many
other indignities before he paid up and was released." However, very little changed during this period other than
the name. With the decline of the Mughal empire, Patna moved into the hands of the Nawabs of Bengal, who levied
a heavy tax on the populace but allowed it to flourish as a commercial centre. The mansions of the Maharaja of
Tekari Raj dominated the Patna river front in 1811–12.[41]
British empire
During the 17th century, Patna became a centre of international trade.[39] In 1620, the English East India Company
established a factory in Patna for trading in calico and silk. Soon it became a trading centre for saltpetre. Francois
Bernier, in Travels in the Mogul Empire (1656–1668), says "...a prodigious quantity of saltpetre was imported from
Patna. It was carried down the Ganges with great facility, and the Dutch and English sent large cargoes to many
parts of the Indies, and to Europe". This trade encouraged other Europeans, principally the French, Danes, Dutch
and Portuguese, to compete in the lucrative business. Peter Mundy, writing in 1632, described Patna as "the
greatest mart of the eastern region".[37] After the decisive Battle of Buxar of 1764, as per the treaty of Allahabad
East India Company was given the right to collect tax of this former Mughal province by the Mughal emperor.
Patna was annexed by the company in 1793 to its territory when Nizamat(Mughal suzernaity) was abolished and
British East India company took control of the province of BengalBihar. Patna however continued as a trading
centre.
In 1912, when the Bengal Presidency was partitioned, Patna became the capital of the British province of Bihar
and Orissa, although in 1935 Orissa became a separate entity with its own capital.[42][43]
Street in Patna, 1825 (British, active in Golghar at Bankipore, near Patna,
India) 1814–15
Indian independence movement
People from Patna were greatly involved in the Indian independence movement.[44][45] Most notable movements
were the Champaran movement against the Indigo plantation and the 1942 Quit India Movement.[46][47] National
leaders who came from the city include Swami Sahajanand Saraswati, the first President of the Constituent
Assembly of India : Dr. Rajendra Prasad; Bihar Vibhuti (Anugrah Narayan Sinha); Basawon Singh (Sinha);
Loknayak (Jayaprakash Narayan);Dr. Sachidanand Singh[48]
Post Independence
Patna remained the capital of Bihar after India gained independence in 1947, even as Bihar was partitioned again
in 2000 when Jharkhand became a separate state of the Indian union.[43]
On 27 October 2013, a series of coordinated bombings rocked the city at a massive election rally for BJP Prime
Ministerial candidate Narendra Modi. Of the estimated 300,000 participants at the rally, six people were killed and
85 others were injured in eight bomb blasts carried out by Islamic terrorists.[49] On 3 October 2014, 33 people were
killed and 26 injured in a stampede at Gandhi Maidan during Vijaya Dashmi celebrations.[50]
Geography
Topography
Patna is located on the southern bank of the river Ganges in Eastern India.
The total area of Patna is 136 km2 (53 sq mi). Of this, the municipal area
constitutes 99 km2 (38 sq mi), while the suburban area constitutes 36 km2
(14 sq mi). The exact cartographic coordinates of Patna are 25.6°N 85.1°E.
It has an average elevation of 53 m (174 ft). A characteristic feature of the
geography of Patna is at the confluence of rivers.[1] A narrow strip of
somewhat high land about 8 kilometres in width along the southern bank of
Map of Patna district the river Ganges having very fertile soil and alluvial fertile plains in the
remaining portions.
During the British Raj, Patna was part of the
Bengal Presidency. After Nalanda district was Patna's Urban agglomeration
Jurisdiction Population
carved out of Patna district in 1976,[53] Patna was
purged of all hilly regions. It is an alluvial, flat Estimate
Town Type
(2011)
expanse of land . The land in the district is too
fertile and is almost entirely cultivated with no Patna' Municipal Corporation 1,684,222
forest cover . Alluvial soil found herevis ideal for Danapur Nagar Parishad 182,429
cultivation of rice, sugarcane and other Badalpura Out Growth 75
foodgrains . The area under cultivation is studded Dinapur Cantonment Cantonment Board 28,723
with mango orchards and bamboo groves . In the Khagaul Nagar Parishad 44,364
fields along the banks of river Ganges, weeds
Nohsa Census Town 16,680
such as ammannia, citriculari, hygrophile and
sesbania grow. But palmyra, date palm and Pataliputra Housing Colony Census Town 3,531
mango orchards are found near habitations. Dry Phulwari Sharif Nagar Parishad 81,740
stretches of shrubbery are sometimes seen in the Saidpura Census Town 7,392
villages far from the rivers. Trees commonly Patna UA 2,049,156
found are bel, siris, jack fruit and the red cotton Patna district 5,838,465
[54]
tree. Patna is unique in having four large rivers Source:[51][52]
[55]
in its vicinity. It is the largest riverine city in
the world.[56] The topography of Patna city is
saucer shaped as per Patna City Development Plan prepared in 2006 .[57][58] The bridge over the river Ganges
named Mahatma Gandhi Setu is 5575m long and is the longest river bridge in the India.[59]
Patna comes under India's seismic zoneIV, indicating its vulnerability to major earthquakes, but earthquakes have
not been common in recent history.[60] Patna also falls in the risk zone for floods and cyclones.[61][62]
Climate
Patna has a Humid
subtropical climate under Patna
the Köppen climate Climate chart (explanation)
classification: (Cwa) with
J F M A M J J A S O N D
extremely hot summers
37 38 37
from late March to early 33 33 33 32 32

June, the monsoon 26
29
25
23
season from late June to 25
27 26 26 25
22 22
late September and chilly 17 15
winter nights and foggy 12
10
Monsoon clouds over Priyadarshi 9
or sunny days from
Nagar, a part of Kankarbagh
November to
residential area in Eastern Patna.
February[65] Highest

temperature ever

recorded was 46.6 °C (115.9 °F), in the year 1966,[66] the lowest 20 12 11 9.6 37 150 314 273 205 71 7.5 6.7
ever was 1.1 °C (34 °F), on 9 January 2013,[67] and highest
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
rainfall was 204.5 mm (8.05 in), in the year 1997.[66]
Precipitation totals in mm
The table below details historical monthly averages for climate
Source: worldweather[63] wetterkontor.de[64]
variables.
Imperial conversion
J F M A M J J A S O N D
99 100 99
91 91 91 90 90
84
79 77
73
81 79 79
77 77
72 72
63 59
54
48 50

0.8 0.5 0.4 0.4 1.5 5.9 12 11 8.1 2.8 0.3 0.3
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches
Climate data for Patna
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high 30.0 35.1 41.4 44.6 45.6 46.6 41.2 39.7 37.5 37.2 34.1 30.5 46.6
°C (°F) (86) (95.2) (106.5) (112.3) (114.1) (115.9) (106.2) (103.5) (99.5) (99) (93.4) (86.9) (115.9)
Average high 23 26.1 32.4 37.4 38.4 36.7 32.9 32.5 32.2 31.7 28.9 24.6 31.4
°C (°F) (73) (79) (90.3) (99.3) (101.1) (98.1) (91.2) (90.5) (90) (89.1) (84) (76.3) (88.49)
Daily mean 16.2 18.9 24.4 29.8 31.8 31.7 29.5 29.3 28.8 26.7 21.9 19.7 25.3
°C (°F) (61.2) (66) (75.9) (85.6) (89.2) (89.1) (85.1) (84.7) (83.8) (80.1) (71.4) (67.5) (77.5)
Average low 9.3 11.6 16.4 22.1 25.1 26.7 26.1 26.1 25.3 21.6 14.8 10.1 19.6
°C (°F) (48.7) (52.9) (61.5) (71.8) (77.2) (80.1) (79) (79) (77.5) (70.9) (58.6) (50.2) (67.28)
Record low 1.1 3.4 8.2 13.3 17.7 19.3 21.1 20.5 19.0 12.0 7.7 2.2 1.1
°C (°F) (34) (38.1) (46.8) (55.9) (63.9) (66.7) (70) (68.9) (66.2) (53.6) (45.9) (36) (34)
Average
15.2 11.1 11.4 9 35.6 133.5 302.4 266.3 194.7 24.6 8.2 7.4 1,019.4
precipitation
(0.598) (0.437) (0.449) (0.35) (1.402) (5.256) (11.906) (10.484) (7.665) (0.969) (0.323) (0.291) (40.13)
mm (inches)
Average
12.2 14.1 09.4 10.8 38.1 142.5 381.0 281.6 229.3 78.6 8.7 7.0 1,213.3
rainfall mm
(0.48) (0.555) (0.37) (0.425) (1.5) (5.61) (15) (11.087) (9.028) (3.094) (0.343) (0.276) (47.768)
(inches)
Average
1.3 1.2 0.7 1.0 2.7 6.5 14.9 12.8 10.2 3.3 0.6 0.7 55.9
rainy days
Source #1: India Meteorological Department (Period 1901–2000, record high and low up to 2010) [68][69] (rainfall 1971–2000) [70]
Source #2: worldweather.org[71]
Air pollution
Pollution is a major concern in Patna. According to the CAG report, tabled in the Bihar Legislative Assembly in
April 2015, respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM) level (PM10) in Patna was 355, threeandahalf
times higher than the prescribed limit of 100 microgram per cubic metre,[72] primarily due to high vehicular[73]
and industrial emissions[74] and construction activities in the city.[75] In May 2014, a World Health Organization
survey declared Patna the second most air polluted city in India, only after Delhi, with the survey calculating the
airborne particulate matter in the state capital's ambient air (PM2.5) to be 149 micrograms, six times more than
the safe limit, which is 25 micrograms.[76] Severe air pollution in the city has caused a rise in pollutionrelated
respiratory ailments, such as lung cancer, asthma, dysentery and diarrhoea.[77][78] The dense smog in Patna during
winter season results in major air and rail traffic disruptions every year.[79]
Economy
Patna has long been a major agricultural hub and centre of trade . Its most active exports are grain, sugarcane,
sesame, and mediumgrained Patna rice. There are several sugar mills in and around Patna.[80] It is an important
business and luxury brand centre of eastern India.[81]
The economy of Patna has seen sustained economic growth since 2005. The economy has been spurred by growth
in the FastMoving Consumer Goods industry, the service sector, along with Green revolution businesses.[81] In
2009, the World Bank stated Patna as the second best city in India to start up a business.[82] As of 2015, GDP per
capita of Patna is ₹1,06,000 ($1581) and it's GDP growth rate is 7.29 per cent.[83]
Patna is the 21st fastest growing city in the world, and the fifth fastest growing city in India, and is expected to
grow at an average annual rate of 3.72%.[84][85]
State Bank of India Patna Regional Reserve Bank of India's regional office
office at East Gandhi Maidan Marg at South Gandhi Maidan Marg, Patna
Demographics
With an estimated population of Historical population
1.68 million in 2011, Patna is the
19th most populous city in India Year Pop. ±%
and with over 2 million people, its 1807–
312,000 —
urban agglomeration is the 18th 14
largest in India. Residents of Patna 1820 100,000 −67.9%
are referred to by the demonym 1865 284,100 +184.1%
Patnaite.[89][90] 1872 158,000 −44.4%
1881 170,684 +8.0%
According to 2011 census data, 1891 165,200 −3.2%
Maurya Lok is one of the oldest and
Patna city had a population of 1901 134,785 −18.4%
major shopping area of the city
1,683,200 (before expansion of the 1911 136,153 +1.0%
city limits) within the corporation 1921 119,976 −11.9%
limits, with 894,158 men and 789,042 women. This was an increase of 1931 159,690 +33.1%

22.2 percent compared to the 2001 figures. 11.32 per cent of the population 1941 196,415 +23.0%
was under six years of age, with 102,208 boys while 88,288 are girls. The 1951 283,479 +44.3%
overall literacy rate is 83.37%, with the male literacy rate being 87.35% 1961 364,594 +28.6%
and the female literacy rate being 79.89%. The sex ratio of Patna is 885 1971 475,300 +30.4%
females per 1,000 males. Child sex ratio of girls is 877 per 1000 boys.[91] 1981 813,963 +71.3%
The urban agglomeration had a population of 2,046,652 of which 1991 1,099,647 +35.1%
1,087,864 are males and 958,788 are females with 82.73% literacy.[92] 2001 1,376,950 +25.2%
Patna metropolitan region constitutes the second largest metropolitan 2011 1,683,200 +22.2%
region in eastern India. Note: Huge population decline after 1814
due to the decrease
According to the 2011 census of in the river borne trade, persistent
India, Patna's major religion is unhealthiness and repeated
epidemics of plaque.
Hinduism with 86.39% followers.
Source: [86][87][88]
Islam is second most popular
religion in Patna with
approximately 12.27% following it. Christianity, Jainism, Sikhism and
Buddhism, with smaller followings, are also practised in Patna. During last
census, around 0.01% stated other religion and approximately 0.49% stated
The Mahavir Mandir is a famous no particular religion.[91]
temple in Patna.
Roughly 0.25% of Patna's population lives in slums which makes Patna, the
city with the lowest percentage of people living in slum in India.[93] Like
other fastgrowing cities in the developing world, Patna suffers from major urbanisation problems including
unemployment, poor public health and poor civic and educational standards for a large section of the
population.[94] In 2015, the National Sample Survey Organisation revealed that, for females, Patna had highest
unemployment rate 34.6% and for males it was the second highest with a rate of 8% in 2011–12.[95]
Hindi is the official language of the state of Bihar but many other
languages are spoken too. The native dialect is Magadhi or Magahi, Religions in Patna (2011)[91]
Religion Percent
named after Magadha, the ancient name of Bihar. English is widely
Hinduism   86.39%
spoken by Patnaites, and other widely spoken dialects and languages
Islam   12.27%
include Bhojpuri, Maithili, Bengali, Urdu and Oriya.[96][97] Christianity 0.51%
Sikhism 0.23%
Government and public services Jainism 0.09%
Others 0.52%
Civic administration
The civic administration of Patna is run by several government agencies, and has overlapping structural divisions.
At least five administrative definitions of the city are available; listed in ascending order of area, those are:
1. Patna division
2. Patna district (also the Patna Police area),
3. the Patna Metropolitan Region[98] (also known as Patna Planning area)[99]
4. "Greater Patna" or PRDA area, which adds to the PMC area a few areas just adjacent to it[100]
5. Patna Municipal Corporation area.
The Patna Municipal Corporation, or PMC, oversees and manages the civic infrastructure of the city's 72
wards,[101] which accommodates a population of 1.7 million as per 2011 Census. The municipal corporation
consists of democratically elected members, each ward elects a Councillor to the PMC.[102] The PMC is in charge
of the civic and infrastructure needs of the metropolis. As Patna's apex body, the corporation discharges its
functions through the mayorincouncil, which comprises a mayor, a deputy mayor, and other elected members of
the PMC. The Mayor is usually chosen through indirect election by the councillors from among themselves. The
functions of the PMC include water supply, drainage and sewerage, sanitation, solid waste management, street
lighting, and building regulation. The Municipal Commissioner is the chief Executive Officer and head of the
executive arm of the Municipal Corporation. All executive powers are vested in the Municipal Commissioner who
is an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer appointed by the state government.[103] Although the Municipal
Corporation is the legislative body that lays down policies for the governance of the city, it is the Commissioner
who is responsible for the execution of the policies. The Commissioner is appointed for a fixed term as defined by
state statute. The powers of the Commissioner are those provided by statute and those delegated by the
Corporation or the Standing Committee. As of December 2015, the Janata Dal (United) controls the PMC; the
mayor is Afzal Imam.[104] while the deputy mayor is Amravati Devi.[105]
The Patna City officials
Municipal Assumed office Office Source
Corporation was Corporation Mayor Afzal Imam, JDU Dec 2015 Maurya Lok [104]
ranked 4th out
of 21 Cities for Corporation Commissioner Abhishek Singh Jun 2016 Maurya Lok [106]
best governance Divisional Commissioner Anand Kishor Aug 2015 [107]
& District Magistrate Sanjay Agarwal Dec 2015 Patna Collectorate [108]

administrative
Senior Superintendent of Police Manu Maharaj Dec 2015 South Gandhi Maidan Marg [108]
practices in
India in 2014. It
scored 3.6 on 10 compared to the national average of 3.3.[109]
The revenue district of Patna come under the jurisdiction of a District Collector (District Magistrate).[110] The
Collectors are in charge of the general administration, property records and revenue collection for the Central
Government, and oversee the national elections held in the city.[111]
The Patna Metropolitan Region, which is the city's urban agglomeration. The agency currently overseeing the
latter, the Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (BUIDCO) and Bihar'S Ministry of Urban
Development and Housing Corporation, is responsible for the statutory planning and development of Greater
Patna. However, the Patna Metropolitan Development Authority (PMDA) would be principal agency for
development and planning,[112] it will be superseding agency for the former Patna Regional Development
Authority (PRDA), which was dissolved in 2006.[113]
In addition to city government, numerous commissions and state authorities—including the Ministry of Tourism,
the Bihar Health Department, the Bihar Water Resources Department, National Ganga River Basin Authority,
Bihar State Pollution Control Board and the Bihar Public Service Commission—play a role in the life of Patnaites.
As the capital of Bihar, Patna plays a major role not only in state politics[114] but in central politics as well.[115]
As the seat of the Government of Bihar, The city has several federal facilities, including the Raj Bhavan:
Governor’s house, the Bihar Legislative Assembly; the state secretariat, which is housed in the Patna Secretariat;
and the Patna High Court. The Patna High Court is one of the oldest High Court in India. The Patna High Court
has jurisdiction over the state of Bihar.[116] Patna also has lower courts; the Small Causes Court for civil matters,
and the Sessions Court for criminal cases.[117][118] The Patna Police, commanded by Senior Superintendent of
Police, is overseen by the Bihar Government's Home Department. The
Patna district elects two representatives to India's lower house, the Lok
Sabha,[119] and 14 representatives to the state legislative assembly.
Patna master City representatives (Legislators)
plan Member Party Constituency Source
Shatrughan Sinha, MP BJP Patna Sahib [120]
In October 2016, Ram Kripal Yadav, MP BJP Pataliputra [120] Gandhi Maidan (shown above) lies in
Bihar cabinet the heart of Patna and is the site for
Sanjiv Chaurasia, MLA BJP Digha [121] most political and social functions in
approved the Patna
Nitin Naveen, MLA BJP Bankipur [121]
master plan 2031 the city.
which envisages Nand Kishore Yadav, MLA BJP Patna Sahib [121]
development of a Arun Kumar Sinha, MLA BJP Kumhrar [121]
new airport at
Jai Vardhan Yadav, MLA RJD Paliganj [121]
Bihta.[124][125] Bihar
government is Rama Nand Yadav, MLA RJD Fatuha [122]
acquiring 126 acres Asha Devi, MLA BJP Danapur [121]
of land for Bhai Virendra, MLA RJD Maner [123]
construction of the Shyam Rajak, MLA JDU Phulwari [123]
new airport. [126] 17.6
km of area in Dumri Village in Punpun block of Patna (PMR) has been allocated for IT Park.[127][128] Patna
2
master 2031 is the second master plan of city which has been passed ever.[129]
Utility services
Ground water fulfills the basic need of the people,[130] administered by Patna Jal
Parishad under Patna Municipal Corporation.[131] The public water supply system
comprises 98 tube wells[132] that pump water directly to the distribution mains.
Around 23 overhead reservoirs[130] of which only the one’s at Agam Kuan,
Gulzarbagh Press, Guru Gobind Singh Hospital and High Court serves the city. The
sewerage system in Patna was set up in 1936. At present there are four sewage
treatment plants[133] located at Saidpur, Beur, Pahari and Karmali Chak.[134]
As of 2011, the city's electricity consumption is about 601 kWh per capita, even
though the actual demand is much higher.[135] Electricity supply to the city is
regulated and distributed by the South Bihar Power Distribution Company
Limited[136] managed by Bihar State Power Holding Company Limited (the
holding company and a successor company of erstwhile Bihar State Electricity
Board).[137] The city forms the Patna Electricity Supply Unit (PESU)[138] Circle,
which is further divided into two wings namely Patna East (consists Kankarbagh,
Patna City, Gulzarbagh, Bankipore, Rajendra Nagar Divisions) and Patna West Bhootnath Road TV Tower
(Consists Danapur, New Capital, Pataliputra, Gardanibagh, Dak Bungalow broadcasts programming to
divisions).[139][140] Patna
Direct–to–home (DTH) is available via DD Free Dish, Airtel digital TV, Dish TV,
Tata Sky, Videocon d2h, Sun Direct and Reliance Digital TV.[141] Cable companies include Darsh Digital Network
Pvt. Ltd. (http://darshdigital.com),[142] SITI Maurya Cablenet Pvt. Ltd[143] etc. The Conditional Access System for
cable television was implemented in March 2013.[144]
Patna comes under the Patna Telecom District of the Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL),[145] India's state
owned telecom and internet services provider. Both Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Code
division multiple access (CDMA) mobile services are available.[146] Apart from telecom, BSNL also provides
broadband internet service.[147] Among private enterprises, Bharti Airtel, Reliance Jio, Reliance GSM/CDMA,
Idea Cellular, Aircel, Tata Teleservices (Tata DoCoMo, Virgin Mobile and Tata Indicom), Telenor (formerly
Uninor), Vodafone and Videocon Telecom[148] are the leading telephone and cell phone service providers in the
city.[149][150]
Patna was the second Indian city, after Bangalore,[151] which offered free WiFi connectivity to its citizens in
February this year. By surpassing the previous recordholder, Beijing in China,[152] Patna's WiFi zone is the world's
longest free WiFi zone, which covers a 20km stretch from NIT Patna on Ashok Rajpath to Danapur.[153][154]
Transport and connectivity
Patna is located about 100 km south of national East – West Highway corridor. The NH 30, NH 31 and NH 2
passes through the town. The Ashok Rajpath, PatnaDanapur Road, Bailey Road, Harding Road and Kankarbagh
old bypass Road are the major corridors.
Patna was one of the first places in India to use horsedrawn trams for public transport.[155] Public transportation
today is provided for by buses, auto rickshaws and local trains. Auto rickshaws are said to be the lifeline of the
city.[156] BSRTC has started City bus service on all major routes of Patna.[157][158]
Air
Patna Airport (official name Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport) is classified as a restricted international airport.[159]
The arrival of several lowcost carriers and a number of new destinations have caused a growth in air traffic in
recent years, as has an improvement in the situation with regard to law and order.[160] For the period April to
December 2009 the airport ranked first in a survey of 46 airports in the country in terms of percentage growth of
domestic passengers as well as domestic aircraft movement.[161] The Airport Authority of India (AAI) has
proposed to develop a civil enclave at Bihta Air Force Station to serve as the new airport for Patna. The military
airfield lies 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Patna, in Bihta.[162]
Rail
Patna is served by several railway stations located in different areas of the city. The Patna Junction railway station
is the main railway station of the city, and one of the busiest railway stations in India.[163] Patna lies in between
New Delhi and Kolkata on Howrah–Delhi main line, which is one of the busiest rail routes in India.[164] Patna
Junction is directly connected to most of the major cities in India.[165] The city has four additional major railway
stations: Rajendra Nagar Terminal (adjacent to Kankarbagh), Patliputra Junction (near Bailey road), Danapur (near
western outskirts) and Patna Sahib (in Patna City area). Danapur is the divisional headquarters of East Central
Railway zone's Danapur railway division. Patna is well connected with neighbouring Gaya, Jehanabad, Bihar
Sharif, Rajgir, Islampur through daily passenger and express train services. India's longest roadcumrail bridge,
Digha–Sonpur bridge has been constructed across river Ganges, connecting Digha, Patna to Pahleja Ghat in
Sonpur.[166] The bridge was completed in 2015,[167][168] It is 4.55
kilometres (2.83 mi) long and therefore the longest road cum rail bridge
in India and one of the longest in the world.[169]
Road
The city is served by several major road highways and state highways,
including National Highways 19,[170] 30,[171] 31,[172] and 83.[173] Asia's National Highway 30 passing through
longest river bridge, the Mahatma Gandhi Setu (built 1982), is located Patna
in Patna and connects the city to Hajipur across the Ganga. In recent
times, the bridge has been witnessing major traffic chaos and accidents
due to exceeding number of vehicles passing over it and regularly
overloading the structure.[174] A new six lane road bridge across the
Ganges parallel to Mahatma Gandhi Setu is proposed which would
connect Kacchi Dargah in Patna City to Bidupur in Vaishali district,[175]
which will be the longest bridge in India after completion.[176]
Patna is 1,015 kilometres (631 mi) East from Delhi, 1,802 kilometres
Chiriyatand Flyover at Patna, one of the
(1,120 mi) North East from Mumbai and 556 kilometres (345 mi) North
many new ones that have come up in the
West from Kolkata.[177] Luxury bus service between Patna and several city recently.
neighbouring cities is provided by the Bihar State Tourism
Development Corporation and the Bihar State Road Transport
Corporation.[178] Auto Rikshaws are a popular mode of
transportation.[179] Prepaid auto services operated by an allwomen crew
was started in 2013 in Patna,[180] which is the first of its kind in
India.[181] Radio Taxi services are also available within city limit as well
as outskirts.[182]
Rapid transit Radio Taxis
Patna Metro is a planned rapid transit system for the city. It would be
owned and operated by state run Patna Metro Rail Corporation.[183] It
will be constructed on Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode, estimated
to cost ₹14,000 crore (US$2 billion).[184] It will have 5 lines with a total
planned length of 60 kilometres (37 mi) km, which will be built in 3
phases.[185] Patna Monorail Project covering the municipal area is also
underway.[186]
Inland Waterways Mahatma Gandhi Setu connecting Patna
with North Bihar.
The Ganges – navigable throughout the year – was the principal river
highway across the vast north IndoGangetic Plain. Vessels capable of
accommodating five hundred merchants were known to ply this river in
the ancient period; it served as a major trade route, as goods were
transported from Pataliputra to the Bay of Bengal and further, to ports in
Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. The role of the Ganges as a channel for
trade was enhanced by its natural links – it embraces all the major rivers
and streams in both north and south Bihar.[187]
In recent times, Inland Waterways Authority of India has declared the
stretch of river Ganges between Allahabad and Haldia National Inland
Waterway and has taken steps to restore and maintain its navigability.
The National Waterway1, the longest Waterway in India, stretches
1620 km in the River Ganga from Allahabad to Haldia via Varanasi,
River port on national inland waterways
Munger, Bhagalpur passes through Patna.[188] This National Waterways 1 at Gai Ghat
has fixed terminal at Patna.[189] In September 2014, a luxury cruise
called ‘MV Rajmahal’ from Patna to Varanasi was launched by the
statebased Assam Bengal Navigation Company (ABN).[190]
Culture
Patna’s native language is Magahi or Magadhi a language derived from the
ancient Magadhi Prakrit,[191] which was created in the ancient kingdom of
Magadha, the core of which was the area of Patna south of the Ganges. It is
believed to be the language spoken by Gautama Buddha.[192] It was the
official language of the Mauryan court, in which the edicts of Ashoka were
composed.[193]
The name Magahi is directly derived from the name Magadhi Prakrit, and
educated speakers of Magahi prefer to call it "Magadhi" rather than
Magahi folk singers "Magahi".[194]
Patna has many buildings adorned with IndoIslamic[195] and Indo
Saracenic architectural motifs. Several wellmaintained major buildings from the colonial period have been
declared "heritage structures";[196][197] others are in various stages of decay.[198] Established in 1917 as the Bihar’s
first museum, the Patna Museum houses large collections that showcase Indian natural history and Indian art.[199]
The Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library and Sinha Library are historic public libraries of Patna.[200][201]
Several theatres are located in or near the central part of the city, including
the Bhartiya Nritya Kala Mandir, the Rabindra Parishad, Premchand
Rangshala and the Kalidas Rangalaya, which is home to the Bihar art
theatre. Kalidas Rangalaya also hosts the Patliputra Natya Mahotsav, a
dance festival.[202] But in the last two decades, the popularity of
commercial theatres in the city has declined.[203]
Holi being played in the courtyard, ca
The Patna School of Painting or Patna Qalaam, some times also called 1795 painting. Patna style Inscribed
Company style, is an offshoot of the wellknown Mughal Miniature school on the back of the drawing is: 'No.4.
of painting, which flourished in Bihar during the early 18th to the mid20th The Gift of E.E. Pote Esqr. Elizath
centuries.[204] The practitioners of this art form were descendants of Hindu Collins.
artisans of Mughal painting who facing persecution under the Mughal
Emperor Aurangzeb and who found refuge, via Murshidabad, in Patna during the late 18th century. The Patna
painters differed from the Mughal painters, whose subjects included only royalty and court scenes, in that they
included as subjects bazaar scenes, scenes of Indian daily life, local dignitaries, festivals and ceremonies, and
nature scenes.[205] The paintings were executed in watercolours on paper
and on mica, but the style was generally of a hybrid and undistinguished
quality. It is this school of painting that inspired the formation of the
College of Arts and Crafts, Patna, under the leadership of Shri Radha
Mohan, which is an important centre of fine arts in Bihar.[205]
A regular Bihari meal consists of rice, lentil soup, chapatis, vegetable curry
etc. Bihari cuisine is predominantly vegetarian because traditional Bihar
Durga Puja, 1809 watercolour
society, influenced by Buddhist and Hindu values of nonviolence, did not painting in Patna Style
eat eggs, chicken, fish and other nonvegetarian fare. However, there is also
a tradition of meateating, and fish dishes are especially common due to the
number of rivers in Bihar. There are also numerous Bihari meat dishes, with chicken and mutton being the most
common.[206]
Some well known dishes of Bihari cuisine include sattu paratha (parathas stuffed with fried gram flour), chokha
(spicy mashed potatoes), fish curry, Bihari kebab, postaadana kaa halwaa, malpua, dal pitha (Bihari version of
momos), kheer makhana (fox nut) and thekua/khajuria (a type of snack).[207]
Street foods such as Samosa,[208] Chaat, litti chokha, phuchka (a deepfried crêpe with tamarind sauce), South
Indian and Chinese cuisine are favourite among Patnaites.[209]
Bihari Women have traditionally worn sari but shalwar kameez and other western attire are gaining acceptance
among younger women.[210] Western attire has gained wide acceptance among the urban men, although the
traditional dhoti and kurta[211] are seen during festivals. Chhath, also called Dala Chhath, is a major ancient festival
in Bihar.[212] It is celebrated twice a year: once in the summer, called the Chaiti Chhath, and once about a week
after Deepawali, called the Kartik Chhath. Durga Puja, held in September–October, is Patna's another important
festival; it is an occasion for glamorous celebrations.[213][214] Among the city's other festivals, are Saraswati Puja,
Eid, Holi, Christmas, Vishwakarma Puja, Makar Sankranti, Raksha Bandhan and Rath Yatra. Cultural events
include the Patna Book Fair, Patna Sahib Mahotsav, the Patna Film Festival, Bihar Diwas, Rajgir Mahotsav,
Vaishali Mahotsav and the Sonepur Cattle Fair in neighbouring towns.
A murti, or representation, of the People Celebrating Chhath Festival the
goddess Durga shown during the 2nd Day at Morning a tribute to the
Durga Puja festival rising holy God Sun
Tourism
Patna is home to many tourist
attractions and it saw about
2.4 million tourists (including day
visitors) in 2005. Tourists visiting
the city accounted for 41% of the
total number of tourists visiting
Bihar although Bodh Gaya was the
most popular destination for foreign
Takhat Sri Harmandar Sahib, Patna
Sahib visitors.[215] Golghar was originally built to serve
as a granary for the British East India
The cultural heritage of Bihar is
company army during the famine of
reflected in its many ancient monuments. Kumhrar and Agam Kuan are the
1786. It now features an observation
sites of the ruins of the Ashokan Pataliputra. Didarganj Yakshi remains as
deck overlooking the Ganges and the
an example of Mauryan art.[216] city.
Takht Sri Patna Sahib is one of the Five Takhts of Sikhism and consecrates
the birthplace of the tenth Guru of the Sikhs, Gobind Singh.[217] There are five other Gurdwaras in Patna which are
related to different Sikh Gurus; these are Gurdwara Pahila Bara,[218] Gurdwara Gobind Ghat,[219] Gurdwara Guru
ka Bagh,[220] Gurdwara Bal Leela[221] and Gurdwara Handi Sahib.[222]
Padri Ki Haveli, High Court, Golghar and Secretariat Building are examples of British architecture. Gandhi
Maidan is a historic ground in Patna where several freedom movement rallies took place. Newly built Buddha
Smriti Park near Patna Junction is also becoming a major tourist attraction.
The Patna Planetarium (Indira Gandhi Planetarium) is located in Patna's Indira Gandhi Science Complex. It is one
of the largest planetariums in Asia.[223] It attracts a large number of domestic as well as foreign tourists.
Recently, the Bihar government announced plans to build a stateoftheart art landmark museum in Patna at a cost
of approximately ₹530 crores[224] on a site of 13.9 acres at Bailey Road.[225] 5 firms were shortlisted for the
architectural design,[226] of which the Japanese firm Maki and Associates was chosen. As of 2016, the museum had
been partially opened and is scheduled to be completed shortly.[227]
Education
Schools in Patna are either government run schools or private schools . The
schools are affiliated to Bihar School Examination Board (BSEB), the All
India Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE), National Institute
of Open Schooling (NIOS) or the Central Board of Secondary Education
(CBSE) boards.[228] Hindi and English are the primary languages of
instruction.[229] A 2012 survey found 1,574 schools: of these, 78% were
private unaided schools (most of them at affordable cost), 21% government Indian Institute of Technology Patna
schools and 1% private aided.[230] at Bihta, one of the premier institutes
of engineering and research in India.
Under the 10+2+3/4 plan, students complete ten years of schooling and
then enroll in schools that have a higher secondary facility and are affiliated
to the Bihar State Intermediate Board, the AllIndia Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations
(CISCE), the NIOS[231] or the CBSE, where they select one of three
streams: arts, commerce, or science.[228] This is followed by either a
general degree course in a chosen field of study, or a professional degree
course, such as law, engineering and medicine.[232]
Patna has important government educational institutions like Central
University of South Bihar, Patna University, Chanakya National Law
University, Aryabhatta Knowledge University, Indian Institute of
Technology Patna, National Institute of Technology, Patna, Patna Science
College, Birla Institute of Technology, Patna,[233] Patna Medical College, Patna College, established 1863, is
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Patna, National Institute of Fashion considered to be the oldest institution
Technology Patna, Chandragupt Institute of Management etc.[234] of higher education in Bihar.
Patna University was established in 1917 and is the seventh oldest modern university in the Indian Sub
continent.[235] Patna also has a variety of other universities, as well as many primary and secondary schools.
Nalanda University (also known as Nalanda International University) is a newly established university located in
Rajgir, around 100 kilometres (62 mi) from Patna. The University, created as a revival of an ancient centre of
learning at Nalanda, began its first academic session on 1 September 2014.[236] It will attract students from across
the globe.[237]
Sports
As in the rest of India, cricket is popular in Patna and is played on grounds
and in streets throughout the city.[238] There are several sports grounds
located across the city. The Bihar Cricket Association, which regulates
cricket in Bihar,[239] is based in the city. Tournaments, especially those
involving cricket, basketball, football, badminton, and table tennis, are
regularly organised on an interlocality or interclub basis.
MoinulHaq Stadium, which has a capacity of 25,000, has served as venue
for two oneday international cricket matches and several national sport MoinUlHaque Stadium near
events. [240] It was home to the Bihar cricket team. Due to negligence, lack Rajendra Nagar, It is used for cricket
of maintenance, the stadium is in a dilapidated state and no international and association football
match has been played here since 1996. [241] In 2013, it was announced by
the Chief Minister of Bihar Nitish Kumar that an international cricket stadium will be constructed at Rajgir.[242]
The Patna Golf Club was established on 21 March 1916 is one of oldest golf course of India. It is an 18hole golf
course located in a historic setting in and around Bailey Road and has a 165 acres (67 ha) course.[243][244]
Patna hosted the first ever woman's Kabaddi world cup.[245] It was held at the Patliputra Sports Complex,
Kankarbagh from 1 March to 4 March 2012.[246] Hosts India won the World Cup defeating Iran in the finals.[247]
Patna also hosts the seven league matches of Pro Kabaddi League with its home team as Patna Pirates at the
Patliputra Sports Complex.[248]
Other famous sports complexes of Patna are Bihar Military Police's Mithilesh Stadium,[249] East Central Railway
zone's indoor stadium at Digha.[250] etc.
A game of cricket in progress Kankarbagh Indoor Stadium at
Patliputra Sports Complex during Pro
Kabaddi League match
Media
The beginning of the 20th century was marked by a number of notable new publications. A monthly magazine
named Bharat Ratna was started from Patna in 1901. It was followed by Ksahtriya Hitaishi, Aryavarta from
Dinapure, Patna, Udyoga and Chaitanya Chandrika.[251] Udyog was edited by Vijyaanand Tripathy, a famous poet
of the time and Chaitanya Chandrika by Krishna Chaitanya Goswami, a literary figure of that time. The literary
activity was not confined to Patna alone but to many districts of Bihar.[252][253]
Magahi Parishad, established in Patna in 1952, pioneered Magadhi journalism in Bihar. It started the monthly
journal, Magadhi, which was later renamed Bihan.[254]
Many national media agencies, including the Press Trust of India and Doordarshan's regional offices are based in
the city.[255] The Times of India, Hindustan Times, The Economic Times and The Telegraph are the four principal
English language daily newspapers which have Patna editions. The Hindu, The Pioneer and The Indian
Express,[256] though not printed in the city, are other English language daily newspaper available in the city. The
city's Hindi newspapers include Hindustan Dainik, Dainik Jagran, Dainik Bhaskar,[257] Prabhat Khabar, Aaj and
Rashtriya Sahara[256] – all these newspapers have editions from Patna. There are also daily Urdu newspapers like
Qomi Tanzim and Farooqi Tanzeem published in Patna.[256] There is also the Hindi and English mixed Newspaper
Tabloid Inext.[258]
Patna is also served by several AM and FM radio stations. The city hosts several radio stations, including the state
owned All India Radio's Vividh Bharati and private channels like Radio Mirchi,[259] FM 105 etc. The All India
Radio, Patna (officially Akashvani Patna Kendra) was established in the year 1948.[260]
Notable people
See also
Notes
a. Master plan for Patna (2031), approved by Bihar Cabinet on 27 October 2016.[2] The draft master plan for Patna
metropolitan area proposes that Patna Metropolitan Region would incorporate Bihta, Danapur, Khagaul, Daniyawan,
Danaura, Fatuha, Khusrupur, Maner, Masaurhi, Naubatpur, Phulwari Sharif, Punpun and Sampatchak blocks of Patna
district, areas of Vaishali and Saran districts are excluded.[3]
References
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Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
2. "Bihar Cabinet OKs Patna master plan, paves way for big bulidings, new airport". Economics Times. 15 May 2015.
Archived from the original on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
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programme on the lines of Red Fort in Delhi". The Telegraph. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
25. Fyfe, Ryan. "The Emerald Buddha". Eslteachersboard.com. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
26. "History in mint condition".
27. "Foreign diplomats line up for Bihar elections".
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Further reading
Lewis Sydney Steward O'Malley, ed. (1924). Bihar And Orissa District Gazetteers Patna. Concept
Publishing Company. p. 256. ISBN 9788172681210.
Surendra Gopal, ed. (1982). Patna in the 19th Century: A Sociocultural Profile. Naya Prokash. p. 120.
Robert Montgomery Martin, ed. (1838). Behar (Patna city) and Shahabad, Volume 1 of The History,
Antiquities, Topography, and Statistics of Eastern India. W. H. Allen and Co. p. 256.
William Tayler, ed. (1858). The Patna crisis; or, Three months at Patna: during the insurrection of 1857. J.
Nisbet. p. 96.
J. D. Beglar, Sir Alexander Cunningham, ed. (1878). Report of a Tour Through the Bengal Provinces of
Patna, Gaya, Mongir, and Bhagalpur: The Santal Parganas, Manbhum, Singhbhum, and Birbhum ;
Bankura, Raniganj, Bardwan, and Hughli : in 1872–73 Volume 8 of Archaeological Survey of India. Office
of the Superintendent of Government Printing. p. 213.
Walter Kelly Firminger, ed. (1909). The Diaries of Three Surgeons of Patna – 1763. The Calcutta Historical
Society.
External links
Official website of Patna district (http://patna.nic.in)
Official website of the Municipal Corporation of Patna (http://www.pmcbihar.in)
Patna travel guide from Wikivoyage
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patna&oldid=767851393"
Categories: Patna Holy cities Metropolitan cities in India
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Many believe Patna derived its name from Patli, a tree Climate Cwa (Köppen)

Pataliputra as a capital Pataliputra as a capital Pataliputra as a capital

limits, with 894,158 men and 789,042 women. This was an increase of 1931 159,690 +33.1%

& District Magistrate Sanjay Agarwal Dec 2015 Patna Collectorate [108]

Categories: Patna Holy cities Metropolitan cities in India

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Patna - Wikipedia PDF

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Patna - Wikipedia PDF

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3/4/2017 Patna ­ Wikipedia

Many believe Patna derived its name from Patli, a tree Climate Cwa (Köppen)

Pataliputra as a capital Pataliputra as a capital Pataliputra as a capital

limits, with 894,158 men and 789,042 women. This was an increase of 1931 159,690 +33.1%

& District Magistrate Sanjay Agarwal Dec 2015 Patna Collectorate [108]

Categories: Patna Holy cities Metropolitan cities in India

Вам также может понравиться

3/4/2017 Patna Wikipedia