(1) Show that f : R2 → R2 defined by f (x, y) = (x, −y) for all (x, y) ∈ R2 is differentiable at every

point in R2 . View the same function as a complex function. Show that f : C → C defined by
f (z) = z for all z ∈ C is not differentiable at any point in C.
Answer: Do yourself.
(2) Let f (z) = z 3 . For z1 = 1 and z2 = i, show that there do not exist any point c on the line y = 1−x
joining z1 and z2 such that
f (z1 ) − f (z2 )
= f 0 (c)
z 1 − z2
(Mean value  theorem does not extend to complex derivatives).
 f (1) − f (i) 
Answer   = | 1+i | = 1. Any point on [1, i] has mod value ≥ √1 . . So |f 0 (z)| = |3z 2 | ≥
1−i  1−i 2
3
2 > 1.
(3) If f (z) is a real valued function in a domain D ⊆ C, then show that either f 0 (z) = 0 or f 0 (z) does
not exist in D.
Hint: Use C–R equation.
(4) Let U be an open set and f : U → C be a differentiable function. Let U := {z : z ∈ U }. Show
that the function g : U → C defined by g(z) := f (z) is differentiable on U .
Answer:
g(w) − g(w0 ) g(z̄) − g(z¯0 ) f (z) − f (z0 )
lim = lim = lim = f 0 (z0 )
w→w0 ∈Ū w − w0 z→z0 ∈U z̄ − z¯0 z→z0 ∈U z − z0
(5) Derive the Cauchy-Riemann equations in polar coordinates.
Answer: Let f (reiθ ) = u(r, θ) + iv(r, θ) be differentiable at z0 = r0 eiθ0 . First we calculate the
limit z → z0 along the ray θ = θ0 . Then the following limit exists:
f (reiθ0 ) − f (r0 eiθ0 )
f 0 (zo ) = lim
r→r0 reiθ0 − r0 eiθ0
1 u(r, θ0 ) − u(r0 , θ0 ) + i[v(r, θ0 ) − v(r0 , θ0 )]
= iθ0 lim
e r→r0 r − r0
 
1 ∂u ∂v
(0.1) = iθ0 (r0 , θ0 ) + i (r0 , θ0 )
e ∂r ∂r
Now calculate the limit z → z0 along the circle r → r0 . In this case we have:
f (r0 eiθ ) − f (r0 eiθ0 )
f 0 (zo ) = lim
θ→θ0 r0 eiθ − r0 eiθ0
1 u(r0 , θ) − u(r0 , θ0 ) + i[v(r0 , θ) − v(r0 , θ0 )]
= lim
r0 θ→θ0 eiθ − eiθ0
  
1 u(r0 , θ) − u(r0 , θ0 ) + i[v(r0 , θ) − v(r0 , θ0 )] θ − θ0
= lim
r0 θ→θ0 θ − θ0 eiθ − eiθ0
   
1 ∂u ∂v 1 ∂v ∂u
(0.2) = (r0 , θ0 ) + i (r0 , θ0 ) = (r0 , θ0 ) − i (r0 , θ0 )
ir0 eiθ0 ∂θ ∂θ r0 eiθ0 ∂θ ∂θ
To get the C–R equation in polar form , equate the real and imaginary parts of eq.(0.1) and
eq.(0.2)
(6) Let Ω be an open connected subset of C and f : Ω → C be a differentiable function. Show that
the function f = u + iv is constant if
(a) either of the functions u or v is constant, or
(b) |f (z)| is constant for all z ∈ Ω, or
(c) if there exists an α ∈ R such that f (z) = |f (z)|eiα for all z ∈ Ω.
Hint: Use C–R equations.

1
(7) Let f : D → C be a differentiable function such that, for all z, w ∈ C, f (z) = f (w) whenever
|z| = |w|. Prove that f is a constant function.
Hint: It is given that f (z) = f (w) if |z| = |w|. This means that the function f is independent
of argument. (i.e. f (eiθ z) = f (z) for all θ.)Now use C–R equations in polar coordinates.

(8) Let f = u + iv is an analytic function defined on the whole of C. If u(x, y) = φ(x) and v(x, y) =
ψ(y) prove that, for all z ∈ C, f (z) = az + b for some a ∈ C, b ∈ C.
Answer: From C–R equations we have φ0 (x) = ψ 0 (y) for all z = x + iy ∈ C. In particular φ0 (0) =
ψ 0 (y) and φ0 (x) = ψ 0 (0) for all x, y ∈ R. Also f 0 (z) = φ0 (x) = ψ 0 (y) hence f 0 (z) = a(= constant).
If we take g(z) = f (z) − az, then g 0 (z) = 0. Therefore g(z) = b(= constant) i.e. f (z) = az + b.
(9) Let v be a harmonic conjugate of u. Show that h = u2 − v 2 is a harmonic function.
Answer: Let f = u + iv. So by our assumption f is analytic and hence f.f is analytic. So Real
part of f.f = u2 − v 2 is harmonic.