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2, page 5
1. estimate 7. predictable COMPREHENSION, page 14
2. compensate 8. interaction 1. According to Gladwell, achievement is talent
3. retain 9. sum plus preparation. Preparation seems to play a
4. anxious 10. savant bigger role.
5. flexible 11. benefit 2. The Beatles were different from most other
6. disabled 12. image bands because they worked harder and had
more preparation.
3. Daniel Levitin says about success that 10,000
MAIN IDEAS hours of practice is required to achieve the level
of mastery associated with being a world-class
2, page 9 expert in anything.
1. b 4. c 4. Levitin believes success takes so long to
2. c 5. b achieve because it seems it takes the brain this
3. a 6. b long to assimilate all that it needs to know to
achieve true mastery.
DETAILS, page 10
MATH
1. ability READING SKILL
2. ability
3. disability 2, pages 15-16
4. disability 1. “I memorised pi to 22,514 decimal places, and
I am technically disabled. I just wanted to show
LANGUAGE people that disability needn’t get in the way.”
1. ability 2. “There’s too much mental stimulus. I have to
2. ability look at every shape and texture. Every price,
3. ability and every arrangement of fruit and vegetables.
So instead of thinking,’What cheese do I want
MEMORY this week?’, I’m just really uncomfortable.”
1. ability 3. “We shared so much - our love of key dates
2. ability from history, for instance. And our love of books.
As a child, I regularly took over a room in the
SOCIAL INTERACTION house and started my own lending library. I
1. disability would separate out fiction and non-fiction, and
2. disability then alphabetise them all. I even introduced a
3. disability ticketing system. I love books so much. I’ve read
more books than anyone else I know. So I was
NEED FOR ORDER delighted when Kim wanted to meet in a library.”
1. disability “He is such a lovely man,” “Kim says, ‘You don’t
2. disability have to be handicapped to be different -
everybody’s different’. And he’s right.”
4. “When I looked at the numbers I ‘saw’
MAKE INFERENCES, page 11 images. It felt like a place I could go where I
Answers may vary. Suggested answers: really belonged.”
1. Others didn’t think that Daniel was a normal
person. They viewed him as some sort of oddity.
2. Others think that only people who are
handicapped or have disabilities are different.
3. Other people probably think that numbers
cannot be your friends since they are not alive.
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NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.
3
NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.
4
NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.
5
NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key
3, page 54 REVISE
Suggested answers:
1. After his mother died, McCourt felt free to 1, page 58
write his memoirs. 1. c
2. Marla needs to train many months for a 2. c
marathon. 3. b
3. McCourt persuades New York University to 4. b
allow him to go there.
4. Marla enjoys inspiring others. 2, pages 58-59
5. McCourt worried about telling his students 1. Cross out: Her mother could her and speak.
that he hadn’t gone to high school. Explanation: The sentence forces on her
6. The boy’s mother decided to let him mother’s abilities, not Helen’s frustrations.
skateboard. 2. Cross out: In addition, Marla has become a
7. McCourt urged his students to write. bestselling author.
8. It is hard for Marla to see the words on a Explanation: This sentence does not focus on
computer screen. how sports liberated them.
9. McCourt recalled living in Limerick. 3. Cross out: Furthermore, he lives in England.
10. Marla was able to graduate from the Explanation: The sentence focuses on where
University of San Diego with a Master’s degree. Steven Hawking lives, not on overcoming
obstacles.
WRITE
UNIT 3
1, pages 56-57
Suggested answers
1. Overcoming obstacles is the topic. It is in the VOCABULARY
first and third sentences.
2. The world is full of people who have 2, page 65
overcome obstacles and benefited from 1. risk factor 7. consensus
overcoming them. 2. impact 8. advocate
3. Underline: For example, Greg Barton, the 3. potential 9. interpreting
1984, 1988, and 1992 U.S. Olympic medalist in 4. environment 10. reliable
kayaking, was born with a serious disability. He 5. interaction 11. linked
had club feet, his toes pointed inward, and as a 6. aspects 12. revolutionized
result, he could not walk easily. Even after a
series of operations, he still had limited mobility.
Even so, Greg was never defeated. First, he MAIN IDEAS
taught himself to walk, and even to run. Then,
he competed on his high school running team. 2, page 70
He knew, though, he would never become an Answers will vary. Suggested answers:
Olympic runner, so he looked for other sports POSITIVE NEGATIVE
that he could play. Happily, he discovered I. Can revolutionize I. Emotional and
kayaking, a perfect sport for him because it Medicine Physical Impact
required minimal leg and foot muscles. Using his a. can prevent a. Positive result
upper body strength, he was able to master the diseases rather than can be shattering for
sport. Finally, after many years of training and just treat them patient and family.
perseverance, Greg made the 1984 Olympic b. quality of life is b. Positive result
team. better can lead to risky,
These sentences tell how Greg Barton unhealthy decisions.
overcame his obstacles and benefited by II. Information is II. Invasion of Privacy
overcoming them. empowering for patient a. may threaten
4. The concluding sentence is: In short, even a. can change employment and
though that road was paved with obstacles, he lifestyle insurance
was able to overcome them and achieve the b. can choose
impossible. appropriate treatment
It summarizes the paragraph. plan
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6
NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key
III. Results are not A few months later: Cousins was able to walk
always reliable using a brace
IV. Professional Soon after that: Cousins was able to return to
interpretation is not work
required A few years later: Cousins reached full
a.Patient may recovery
interpret test results 1990: Cousins died
incorrectly.
b. There are other STEP 1: ORGANIZE, page 76
risk factors in addition Genetic Testing (R1): expensive, used in a
to genes. response to potential or existing illness, based
on a cutting edge science, used to prevent and
treat, provides information about the body,
DETAILS, pages 70-71 results are difficult to interpret and can be easily
1. h 5. b 9. g misinterpreted, results may involve family
2. k 6. j 10. i members
3. e 7. d 11. f Both new technique, medical choice, does not
4. a 8. c have to involve a doctor, is becoming part of
standard medical care
Laughter Therapy (R2): little cost, used in
MAKE INFERENCES, pages 71-72 response to existing illness, based on Cousins’
Answers will vary. Suggested answers: reading about mind-body interaction, used as
Nate, Kristen’s brother: Neutral treatment only, changes body chemistry, results
Kristen’s father: Very Strong are easy to interpret, results involve the patient
Brenda Finucane: Neutral only
Robert Green: Strong
Betsy Bank Saul: Weak
Ardis Dee Hoven: Strong REVIEW, pages 77-78
David Agus: Very Strong 1. revolutionize 8. consult
2. advocates 9. linked
3. potential 10. environment
COMPREHENSION, page 74 4. risk factors 11. interaction
Answers will vary. Suggested answers: 5. impact 12. consensus
1. He was diagnosed with a very serious form of 6. skeptical 13. alternative
arthritis. He decided to fight the disease. 7. reliable 14. conventional
2. If negative emotions bring negative changes
to the body, positive emotions should bring
positive changes. Laughter has a positive EXPAND
therapeutic value.
3. Watching funny movies and reading funny 1, page 78
books are examples of laugh therapy. 1. S 6. S 11. S
4. He was able to overcome his disease. 2. D 7. D 12. D
3. D 8. S 13. S
READING SKILL 4. D 9. S 14. S
5. S 10. D 15. S
2, page 75
Sometime before the summer of 1964: 2, pages 78-79
Cousins read the work of organic chemist Hans 1. impact 5. alternative
Selye, The Stress of Life 2. interpret 6. elicit
Summer 1964: Cousins becomes ill 3. treatment 7. diagnosis
Later in the summer of 1964: Cousins was 4. disagreement
diagnosed with a severe form of arthritis and
started his Laughter Therapy program
8 days later: Cousins’ pain decreased, he was
able to sleep better, and his body chemistry
improved.
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7
NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key
GRAMMAR 2, page 86
Answers may vary. Suggested answers:
1, pages 79-80 THREE PARTS OF NOTES
1. T / F AN ESSAY
2. T / T
3. F / T I. Introduction I. Background
Information:
2, pages 81-82 Thesis Statement: Grandparents suffering
1. F / F 5. T / T From this personal from Huntington’s
2. F / F 6. F / T perspective, I disease
3. F / T 7. T / T believe that home
4. T / F 8. F / F genetic testing Well educated with
should be much Master’s degree in
3, page 82 more strictly biology
1. If she hadn’t chosen the correct treatment regulated, if not
plan, she might not have felt better. prohibited all
2. If Kristen Powers hadn’t always wanted all the together.
information available, she wouldn’t have chosen II. Body Paragraph II. Body Paragraph 1
to be genetically tested. 1
3. If Norman Cousins hadn’t read The Stress of Support/Evidence:
Life by Hans Seyle, he wouldn’t have had some Topic: Devastating Co-workers experience
ideas about the mind-body connection when he effects of home -Without professional
was diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis. genetic testing interpretation led to
4. If Norman Cousins hadn’t been sick, He feelings of impending
wouldn’t have tried to cure himself by using tragedy
Laughter Therapy. OR If Norman Cousins hadn’t -Retesting by doctor led
tried to cure himself by using Laughter Therapy, to correct medication
he wouldn’t have made a complete recovery. and lifestyle changes
5. If David Agus hadn’t had a genetic test, he Body Paragraph 2 Body Paragraph 2
wouldn’t have found out that he was at risk for
cardiovascular disease. OR If David Agus hadn’t Topic: Genetic test Support/Evidence:
had a genetic test and found out that he was at results are not -Genetic testing is in its
risk for cardiovascular disease, his children infallible nor infancy and even
wouldn’t have made him change his diet. definitive professionals don’t
6. If Kristen’s mom hadn’t contacted her understand interaction
biological father, she might not have learned that between genes
Huntington’s disease ran in their family. -False positives
7. If Norman Cousins had been satisfied with his -False negatives
doctor’s treatment plan, he wouldn’t have -Environmental factors
developed his own Laughter Therapy treatment are not taken into
account
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8
NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.
9
NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key
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NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key
2, pages 110-111
GRAMMAR 1. incorrect / corrections: in which
2. correct / alternative: in which
1, PAGE 110 3. incorrect / corrections: which/that
1. that humans lack 4. incorrect / correction: whose
2. a person about to have a seizure 5. correct / alternative: that
3. the afternoon he was able to figure out how 6. correct / alternative: which
Clever Hans was able to answer the questions 7. incorrect / corrections: who/that
4. that, who, when / nouns 8. incorrect / corrections: in which/where
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11
NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.
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NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.
13
NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.
14
NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key
1, page 150
His home is being compared to a lonely cloud MAIN IDEAS
because it floats in the sky.
2, page 162
His punctuality is being compared to a Swiss Answers will vary. Suggested answers:
watch because a Swiss watch is precise and 2, 3, 5
dependable.
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NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.
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NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.
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NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.
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NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key
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19
NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key
4. Tommy said that was the old kind of school 3, pages 219-220
that they had had hundreds and hundreds of Answers may vary. Suggested answers:
years before. 1. I am taking five courses this semester. I
5. Margie told Tommy that her mother said a am happy with all my teachers. However, my
teacher had to be adjusted to fit the mind of English and history teachers are definitely my
each boy and girl it taught. favorites. They are both extremely enthusiastic
6. Tommy told Margie that she could read the and knowledgeable about their subjects. For
book with him again the next day. example, my English teacher, Mr. Dadio, has
recently received an award for his teaching.
Similarly, my history teacher, Ms. Mantell, also
WRITE clearly knows her subject. In fact, she has
written history textbooks that are being used by
2, pages 214-215 many school systems. They both have good
1. Point by Point senses of humor. Mr. Dadio likes to joke with the
2. Block students, which helps us relax. In the same way,
3. Point by Point Ms. Mantell’s witty comments also help reduce
the stress many students feel because of our
school’s demanding curriculum. Both teachers
REVISE insist that we work hard, and we do. However,
the type of work that they give is different. Mr.
1, page 216 Dadio expects us to read complete novels in
1. similar: while, in the same way only a couple of days, and he grades us on our
different: in contrast, whereas essays comparing the characters or plots. In
2. the amount of time spent in class, teachers, contrast, Ms. Mantell expects us to read a
availability of teachers, expectations about chapter every two classes, and, instead of
homework grading us on papers, she gives us tests are that
are usually short answer or multiple-choice
2, pages 217-218 questions. Despite their differences, they are
1. MOOC students are taught and submit papers both excellent teachers.
via the internet; Likewise, Tommy and Margie 2. Each new level of education brings new
also are taught via the computer. challenges and demands to students. Moving
2. Professor Duneier liked the MOOC’s course from high school into college can be especially
delivery method in the same way the MOOC difficult because of the freedom students
students were excited about the new use of experience in college along with a new set of
educational technology. expectations.
3. Professor Duneier wasn’t sure he could In high school students usually live at
effectively teach his students. Similarly, Margie home and their parents take care of all their
doubted a man could teach effectively. physical needs such as food and housing.
4. Margie wanted to go to a traditional school; on Students do not usually have to shop for their
the other hand, students today are tired of food, take time to pay bills, or even do their own
traditional school and want to incorporate laundry. Parents are also there to help with and
distance learning in their education. make sure that the student’s homework is done.
5. Many of Professor Duneier’s MOOC students During the school day, students rarely have free
chose his course instead of a traditional time. They go directly from one class to the
sociology course. In contrast, for other students, other. Teachers are always around to tell the
the choice was his MOOC or no sociology students what to do. Finally, the work itself is not
course at all. so challenging. Students can often complete
6. While The Fun They Had describes the future their homework and reading in a short time.
as it was imagined in 1951, “Teaching the World On the other hand, in college, Students
from Central New Jersey” describes a present often live away from home in dorms or
that may seem futuristic to some people. apartments. They may be responsible for
shopping, paying bills and laundry. They also
may have to cook their own meals. Their parents
are not around to help with homework or even to
check that it has been done. In contrast to
students in high school, students in college may
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20
NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key
have a lot of free time between classes, but as anything that disrupts your work or family life.
must discipline themselves to use this time In this case smartphone use could be seen as
productively for homework and other an addiction. Still others say it is a dysfunction
assignments. Most importantly, college requires not an addiction.
a higher level of thinking and a lot more work Part III: Because smartphones provide an
than high school. almost continuous stream of messages and
3. My old school in Lima was very small. alerts as well as easy access to compelling
On the other hand, my school In New York is information sources. They create an
gigantic. There were only about 75 students in environment of almost constant interruptions
my Lima school, and we all knew each other and distractions. Because of this, we are not
well. The teachers knew every student by name. able to maintain our attention, to engage in
In contrast, in New York there are over 1400 contemplation and reflection, or even to be
students, and the immense halls are filled with alone with our thoughts.
unfamiliar faces, male and female. However, My Part IV: You can be conscious, strong, and
school in Lima was only for boys; girls went to disciplined. You should also take “predictable
another school. In Lima, we spoke only Spanish time off”. Another solution is to slowly wean
at school while here we mostly speak English yourself off email, web browsing, and social
but sometimes Spanish. The teachers in Lima media.
were very good and always were able to answer
any question that we had. Likewise, in New York
the teachers are also excellent. Use of DETAILS, pages 231-233
technology is another difference between the 1. c 5. a 9. a
two schools. We had very little technology in 2. a 6. b 10. b
Lima. There were only a couple of computers in 3. b 7. c
the whole school, and students rarely got to use 4. c 8. b
them. In contrast, in New York, every student is
given a laptop at the beginning of ninth grade,
and assignments are posted on class websites. MAKE INFERENCES, pages 233-235
In fact, I often email my homework and Answers will vary. Suggested answers:
questions to teachers. I like school in New York, 1. Smartphones can cause people to be rude.
but sometimes I miss the intimacy of my old This shows that according to his definition,
school. smartphones are not truly addictive because
they only satisfy one part of his definition, the
harmful impact on your life. He does not talk
UNIT 8 about any physical withdrawal.
2. Smartphones create bad habits.
This is not just the author’s opinion, but is
VOCABULARY, pages 226-227 substansciated by research.
1. b 5. b 9. a 3. Smartphones make our thinking more
2. c 6. b 10. c superficial.
3. b 7. b 11. b The author’s idea is supported by an expert in
4. a 8. a 12. a the field.
4. There is a solution to smartphone obsession.
Statistics compiled over a four-year period
MAIN IDEAS support the author’s conclusion.
2, page 231
Answers may vary. Suggested answers: COMPREHENSION, page 238
Part I: Some signs of compulsive use of Answers may vary. Suggested answers:
smartphones are continuously using the 1. The only thing he could think about was his
smartphone to check email, read blogs, check iPhone and he was oblivious to the beauty
twitter etc. even on weekends or when you are around him.
on vacation. 2. the family decided they were going to be
Part II: It is unclear. According to some experts, electronics-free for a week.
we are not seeing smartphone addiction now,
but the potential is there. Others define addiction
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21
NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key
3. that they did something every day and got out GRAMMAR
of the cabin to explore.
4. they slowed down and became more 1, page 245
connected with their surroundings. 1. get back/ turn off/ give up
2. Get, in this sentence, would mean arrive. Get
back means return.
READING SKILL 3. Turn means rotate, but turn off, in this
sentence, means to stop the iPhone from
2, page 239 functioning.
Suggested answers: 4. Give means to offer, give up, in this sentence,
1. Being electronics-free (life without electronics) means to stop using (the iPhone).
2. The slowing down of time
3. The benefits of their electronic-free week 2, pages 247-248
1. ignore 9. return to
2. persuade 10. invent
STEP 1: ORGANIZE, page 240 3. examine 11. meet
Suggested answers: 4. become popular 12. cancel
PROBLEM SOLUTIONS 5. conduct 13. become
Continuous checking Predictable time off 6. postpone 14. Extinguish / stop
Self-discipline 7. discard 15. start
Anxiety if lost or Slowly diminish use 8. like 16. appear
unavailable Wean yourself away
Constant availability Turn off alerts 3, page 249
Make specific times 1. think back on 7. turn on
smartphone-free 2. turn into 8. turning in
Avoid using web 3. take to 9. throwing (my life)
browsers away
Use at inappropriate No texting and driving 4. come up with 10. talk (me) into
times Make commitment not to 5. get together with 11. weaned (myself)
use phone in certain away from
situations 6. going back 12. turned out
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22
NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key
2, pages 256-257
1. C / E
Employees at usemyphone.com started taking
predictable time off; as a result, there was
increased efficiency and collaboration among
employees.
Because employees at usemyphone.com
started taking predictable time off, there was
increased efficiency and collaboration among
employees.
2. E / C
It is easy to stay in contact with people even
when they are not at home since many people
have smartphones phones.
Many people have smartphones phones;
therefore, it is easy to stay in contact with people
even when they are not at home.
3. E / C
Smartphones create an environment of constant
interruptions and distractions; consequently,
people cannot concentrate or think deeply.
Due to the fact that smartphones create an
environment of constant interruptions and
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