EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT TRAPS AND ATTRACTANTS IN CONTROLLING

COFFEE BERRY BORER (Hypothenemus hampei)

Undergraduate Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty of the
Department Crop Science
Cavite State University
Indang, Cavite

In partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the degree
Bachelor of Arts in Agriculture
(Major in Crop Science)

REAGO P. FEDELIN
May 2018
 INTRODUCTION

The most serious insect pest on coffee around the world is the Coffee Berry Borer (CBB),

Hypothenemus hampei, causing destruction to the economic crop for every region where

commercial coffee is produced. This cause a surmountable amount of damage to yield in terms

of coffee production, while reducing the overall quality resulting in poor productivity and quality

in cases like in Indonesia. (Anon., 2004; Vega et al., 2002) Hypothenemus is common in all

tropical and subtropical areas, most under species genera of Scolytinae (Wood, 1986). Very

small (<2 mm long), difficult to describe and distinguish. Globally distributed with the aid of

human activities. Most notably the H. hampei that consumes and live inside the berry from

inside. Both adult and larval stages feed inside coffee berries, affecting the quality and reducing

yields. (Le Pelley, 1973)

Different Integrated Pest Management (IPM) methods are applied to control the cryptic

pest such as the application of Beauvaria bassiana, sanitation harvesting of the CBB food source

left on the ground after harvest and application of other insecticide. The most effective among

the method is application of the fungi Beauvaria bassiana but in order for the control method be

effective in a commercial farm, large quantities of this is needed or sprayed in the area which

constitute to more cost for our local farmers. (S. Wiryadiputra et al, 2008)

With the introduction of Traps as a new control for CBB and the Brocap trap that this

designed specifically for H. hampei developed by CIRAD and PROCAFE in El Salvador

(Dufour, 2002; 2008). In a trial in Indonesia, the brocap trap captured up to 1064 CBB/week/trap
in a span of four months the number captured reduced to lower than 20 insects per trap per week.

(S. Wiryadiputra, 2008)

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to measure the efficacy of different traps and attractants to aid our local

farmers to reduce loss in yield and quality and cost of our local farmers in growing coffee due to

H. hampei infestations.

Significance of the Study

Although there are other means of control, in terms of cost efficiency the use of Traps

and attractants in a longer time proves to be most efficient. The application of IPM would create

good crop protection practice for the farmers as well as increasing the yield and quality of the

coffee grown. Ultimately, this would aid our local farmers in coffee production.

Time and Place of the Study

This study will be conducted within Cavite State University – Indang and local farms

around Amadeo, Cavite with a span of twelve months from June to May 2019.

Scope and Limitation

Insect pest that are significantly problematic to coffee growers will be included in the

computation of traps insects. All local farmers within upland Cavite are prospect for research.

The counting of insects is done in a well maintained laboratory. Security of the coffee farms are

assured to the farmers. Wet and Dry season monitoring of Traps and Attractants is accounted for.
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Coffee

With the introduction of Traps as a new control for CBB and the Brocap trap that this

designed specifically for H. hampei developed by CIRAD and PROCAFE in El Salvador

(Dufour, 2002; 2008). In a trial in Indonesia, the brocap trap captured up to 1064 CBB/week/trap

in a span of four months the number captured reduced to lower than 20 insects per trap per week.

(S. Wiryadiputra, 2008)

To verify the occurrence of the coffee berry borer, the berries that remained in the fields

after the November 2014 harvest was evaluated. These berries were used as it has been

documented that high levels of pest infestation could be found in berries remaining post-harvest

(Bustillo et al., 1998; Castro et al., 1998)

Of all Hypothenemus species, the coffee berry borer Hypothenemushampei (Ferrari) is

without doubt the most studied as a result of the losses in yield and quality that it causes in

coffee plantations worldwide. Nevertheless, a recent review if the literature published on the

coffee berry borer from 1910 to 2013 (Infante et al., 2014) revealed that of 1603 papers

published on the insect, only ca. 602 were peer-reviewed, equivalent to ca. six papers per year.

Coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei, most destructive coffee insect pest

throughout the world with the use of its genetic variability through Gene finger printing its

distribution pattern is recorded.

 Hypothenemus hampei disperses by two mechanisms: (1) by being physically transported

from one region to another (on seeds, on tools, on humans, by commercial trade of products),

and (2) by flying from infested berries that remain unpicked on the tree or from seeds left on the

ground post-harvest, from infested coffee beans during processing, or from infested beans left on

the ground after the renovation or pruning of old coffee crops. (Benavides, 2013)

Monitoring populations

Most important insect pest of coffee, the coffee berry borer has reduced the quality and

yield of coffee making it difficult to control its population density also due to its life cycle living

inside the berry so the application of traps are used in the study in attracting the pest.

Developing larvae feed on the seed, reducing quality and yield of coffee (Bustillo et al.

1998; Vega et al. 2009). Control is difficult because the CBB spends most of its lifecycle inside

berries, limiting the effectiveness of insecticide applications (Baker 1999).

Investigation of population dynamics of red spider mites, coffee leaf miners and coffee

berry borers of three management types of agroforestry: plant diversity increase from few shade

tree species, high-shade species and medium shade species. Showing different abundance in pest

population and changes in population stage structures of each coffee pest.

 CBB population dynamics is influenced by bottom-up (berry availability), by top-down

effects of parasitoids and diseases, and by weather that affects CBB survival and behavior (e.g.,

emergence of young females from the berries). (Arcila and Jaramillo, 2003)

Monitoring of the flight activity of coffee berry borer as part of a coffee farmer training

program resulted with more information on the seasonal phenology of the pest relating to its

Field density infestation by quantifying the infestation and penetration rates inside developing

coffee berries till the end of the harvest.

Understanding the seasonal phenology and dispersal behavior of CBB is needed to

optimize both localized and area-wide integrated control strategies (Damon 2000, Jaramillo et al.

2006, Aristizabal et al. 2012)

Importance of pest density patterns in field is in order to account for distinct

environmental variables of three major coffee pest, i.e, spider mites, berry borers and leaf miners

that potentially influence their population densities with the use of hierarchical partitioning

methods.

The berry borer is a beetle considered as the most serious coffee pest worldwide.

(Murphy and Moore, 1990). Both adult and larval stages feed inside coffee berries, affecting the

quality and reducing yields (Le Pelley, 1973).

Investigation of population dynamics of red spider mites, coffee leaf miners and coffee

berry borers of three management types of agroforestry: plant diversity increase from few shade
tree species, high-shade species and medium shade species. Showing different abundance in pest

population and changes in population stage structures of each coffee pest.

“Although several studies have investigated the effects of plant management in

agroecosystems on arthropod population dynamics, very few studies have addressed how

specific arthropod developmental stages respond to vegetational management. (but see Harmon

et al., 2003) Arthropod developmental stages may differ in their responses to agroecosystem

management (Harmon et al., 2003).”

Attractants

Evaluation of botanical oils, mineral oils and an insecticide that contained azadirachtin

(ICA) in controlling H. hampei with the residual effect of castor oil in relation to their abundance

and mortality rates applied with the compounds.

 III. METHODOLOGY

Materials

Brocap trap

Plastic bottles

Attractants

Methyl: Ethanol

Isopropyl

Crushed coffee bean

Oil extracts

Coffee bean

Stand

30 tree sampling worksheet

Research Design

Pre-experimental design is utilized in this experiment to determine the influence of the

trap and attractant as control for the borer. Initially the level of infestation is determined with the

use of the 30-tree method and also to monitor the area of where the pests are present.
References

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