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Sunday
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For other uses, see Sunday (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Sundae.
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Sunday is the day of the week between Saturday and Monday. Sunday is a day of rest in most
Western countries, as a part of the weekend and weeknight.
For most observant Christians, Sunday is observed as a day of worship and rest, holding it as
the Lord's Day and the day of Christ's resurrection. In some Muslim countries and Israel,[citation
needed]
Sunday is the first work day of the week. According to the Hebrew calendars and traditional
Christian calendars, Sunday is the first day of the week.[1]However, according to the International
Organization for Standardization ISO 8601, Sunday is the seventh and last day of the week.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1Etymology
2Position in the week
o 2.1ISO 8601
o 2.2Culture and languages
3Sunday in Christianity
o 3.1Pagan correspondence
o 3.2Christian usage
o 3.3Modern practices
4Common occurrences on Sunday
o 4.1In government and business
o 4.2In media
o 4.3In sports
5Astrology
6Named days
7See also
8Notes
9Sources
10Further reading
11External links
Etymology[edit]
A depiction of Máni, the personified moon, and his sister Sól, the personified sun, from Norse mythology(1895)
by Lorenz Frølich.
The name "Sunday", the day of the Sun, is derived from Hellenistic astrology, where the seven
planets, known in English as Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, the Sun, Venus, Mercury and the Moon, each
had an hour of the day assigned to them, and the planet which was regent during the first hour of
any day of the week gave its name to that day. During the 1st and 2nd century, the week of seven
days was introduced into Rome from Egypt, and the Roman names of the planets were given to
each successive day.
Germanic peoples seem to have adopted the week as a division of time from the Romans, but they
changed the Roman names into those of corresponding Teutonic deities. Hence, the dies
Solis became Sunday (German, Sonntag).
The English noun Sunday derived sometime before 1250 from sunedai, which itself developed
from Old English (before 700) Sunnandæg(literally meaning "sun's day"), which is cognate to
other Germanic languages, including Old Frisian sunnandei, Old Saxon sunnundag, Middle
Dutch sonnendach (modern Dutch zondag), Old High German sunnun
tag (modern German Sonntag), and Old
Norse sunnudagr(Danish and Norwegian søndag, Icelandic sunnudagur and Swedish söndag). The
Germanic term is a Germanic interpretation of Latindies solis ("day of the sun"), which is a
translation of the Ancient Greek heméra helíou.[3] The p-Celtic Welsh language also translates the
Latin "day of the sun" as dydd Sul.
In most Indian languages, the word for Sunday is Ravivāra or Adityavāra or its derived forms —
vāra meaning day, Aditya and Ravi both being a style (manner of address) for Surya i.e.
the Sun and Suryadeva the chief solar deity and one of the Adityas. Ravivāra is first day cited
in Jyotisha, which provides logical reason for giving the name of each week day. In the Thai solar
calendar of Thailand, the name ("Waan Arthit") is derived from Aditya, and the associated colour
is red.
In Russian the word for Sunday is Воскресенье (Voskreseniye) meaning "Resurrection".[4] In
other Slavic languages the word means "no work", for example Polish: Niedziela, Ukrainian: Недiля,
Belorussian: Нядзеля, Croatian: nedjelja, Serbian and Slovenian: Nedelja, Czech: Neděle, and
Bulgarian: Неделя.
The Modern Greek word for Sunday, Greek: Κυριακή, is derived from Greek: Κύριος (Kyrios, Lord)
also, due to its liturgical significance as the day commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ,
i.e. The Lord's Day.
Sunday in Christianity[edit]
Pagan correspondence[edit]
In Roman culture, Sunday was the day of the Sun god. In paganism, the sun was a source of life,
giving warmth and illumination to mankind. It was the center of a popular cult among Romans, who
would stand at dawn to catch the first rays of sunshine as they prayed.[dubious – discuss]
The opportunity to spot in the nature-worship of their heathen neighbors a symbolism valid to their
own faith was not lost on the Christians. One of the Church fathers, St. Jerome, would declare: "If
pagans call [the Lord's Day] [...] the 'day of the sun,' we willingly agree, for today the light of the
world is raised, today is revealed the sun of justice with healing in his rays."[7]
A similar consideration may have influenced the choice of the Christmas date on the day of the
winter solstice, whose celebration was part of the Roman cult of the sun.[dubious – discuss][8] In the same
vein, Christian churches have been built and are still being built (as far as possible) with an
orientation so that the congregation faced toward the sunrise in the East. Much later, St.
Francis would sing in his famous canticle: "Be praised, my Lord, through all your creatures,
especially through my lord Brother Sun, who brings the day; and you give light through him. And he
is beautiful and radiant in all his splendor! Of you, Most High, he bears the likeness."
Christian usage[edit]
See also: Sabbath in Christianity
The ancient Romans traditionally used the eight-day nundinal cycle, a market week, but in the time
of Augustus in the 1st century AD, a seven-day week also came into use.
Justin Martyr, in the mid 2nd century, mentions "memoirs of the apostles" as being read on "the day
called that of the sun" (Sunday) alongside the "writings of the prophets." [9]
On 7 March 321, Constantine I, Rome's first Christian Emperor (see Constantine I and Christianity),
decreed that Sunday would be observed as the Roman day of rest:[10]
On the venerable Day of the Sun let the magistrates and people residing in cities rest, and let all
workshops be closed. In the country, however, persons engaged in agriculture may freely and
lawfully continue their pursuits; because it often happens that another day is not so suitable for
grain-sowing or vine-planting; lest by neglecting the proper moment for such operations the bounty
of heaven should be lost.[11]
Despite the official adoption of Sunday as a day of rest by Constantine, the seven-day week and the
nundial cycle continued to be used side-by-side until at least the Calendar of 354 and probably
later.[12]
In 363, Canon 29 of the Council of Laodicea prohibited observance of the Jewish Sabbath
(Saturday), and encouraged Christians to work on the Saturday and rest on the Lord's Day
(Sunday).[13] The fact that the canon had to be issued at all is an indication that adoption of
Constantine's decree of 321 was still not universal, not even among Christians. It also indicates that
Jews were observing the Sabbath on the Saturday.
Modern practices[edit]
Some Christian denominations, called "Sabbatarians", observe a Saturday Sabbath. The name
"Sabbatarian" has also been claimed by Christians, especially Protestants, who believe Sunday
must be observed with just the sort of rigorous abstinence from work associated with "Shabbat".
Christians in the Seventh-day Adventist, Seventh Day Baptist, and Church of God (Seventh-Day)
denominations, as well as many Messianic Jews, have maintained the practice of abstaining from
work and gathering for worship on Saturdays (sunset to sunset) as did all of the followers of God in
the Bible.
For most Christians the custom and obligation of Sunday rest is not as strict. A minority of Christians
do not regard the day they attend church as important, so long as they attend. There is considerable
variation in the observance of Sabbath rituals and restrictions, but some cessation of normal
weekday activities is customary. Many Christians today observe Sunday as a day of church-
attendance.
In Roman Catholic liturgy, Sunday begins on Saturday evening. The evening Mass on Saturday is
liturgically a full Sunday Mass and fulfills the obligation of Sunday Mass attendance,
and Vespers (evening prayer) on Saturday night is liturgically "first Vespers" of the Sunday. The
same evening anticipation applies to other major solemnities and feasts, and is an echo of the
Jewish practice of starting the new day at sunset. Those who work in the medical field, in law
enforcement, and soldiers in a war zone are dispensed from the usual obligation to attend Church on
Sunday. They are encouraged to combine their work with attending religious services if possible.
In the Eastern Orthodox Church, Sunday begins at the Little Entrance of Vespers (or All-Night Vigil)
on Saturday evening and runs until "Vouchsafe, O Lord" (after the "prokeimenon") of Vespers on
Sunday night. During this time, the dismissal at all services begin with the words, "May Christ our
True God, who rose from the dead ...." Anyone who wishes to receive Holy Communion at Divine
Liturgy on Sunday morning is required to attend Vespers the night before (see Eucharistic
discipline). Among Orthodox Christians, Sunday is considered to be a "Little Pascha" (Easter), and
because of the Paschal joy, the making of prostrations is forbidden, except in certain circumstances.
Leisure activities and idleness, being secular and offensive to Christ as it is time-wasting, is
prohibited[dubious – discuss].
Some languages lack separate words for "Saturday" and "Sabbath" (e. g. Italian, Portuguese).
Outside the English-speaking world, Sabbath as a word, if it is used, refers to the Saturday (or the
specific Jewish practices on it); Sunday is called the Lord's Day e. g. in Romance languages and
Modern Greek. On the other hand, English-speaking Christians often refer to the Sunday as the
Sabbath (other than Seventh-day Sabbatarians); a practice which, probably due to the international
connections and the Latin tradition of the Roman Catholic Church, is more widespread among (but
not limited to) Protestants. Quakers traditionally referred to Sunday as "First Day" eschewing
the pagan origin of the English name, while referring to Saturday as the "Seventh day".[14]
The Russian word for Sunday is "Voskresenie," meaning "Resurrection day." The Greek word for
Sunday is "Kyriake" (the "Lord's Day").
The Czech, Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Serbian, Ukrainian and Belarusian words for Sunday
("neděle," "niedziela," "nedelja", "nedjelja," "недеља", "неділя" and "нядзеля" respectively) can be
translated as "without acts (no work)."
Many American and British daily newspapers publish a larger edition on Sundays, which often
includes color comic strips, a magazine, and a coupon section; may only publish on a Sunday, or
may have a "sister-paper" with a different masthead that only publishes on a Sunday.
North American Radio stations often play specialty radio shows such as Casey Kasem's countdown
or other nationally syndicated radio shows that may differ from their regular weekly music patterns
on Sunday morning and/or Sunday evening. In the United Kingdom, there is a Sunday tradition of
chart shows on BBC Radio 1 and commercial radio; this originates in the broadcast of chart shows
and other populist material on Sundays by Radio Luxembourg when the Reithian BBC's Sunday
output consisted largely of solemn and religious programmes. However, BBC Radio 1's chart show
moved to Fridays in July 2015.[15]
Period and/or older-skewing television dramas, such as Downton Abbey, Call the Midwife, Lark Rise
to Candleford and Heartbeat are commonly shown on Sunday evenings in the UK; the first of these
was Dr Finlay's Casebook in the 1960s.[16] Similarly, Antiques Roadshow has been shown on
Sundays on BBC1 since 1979[17] and Last of the Summer Wine was shown on Sundays for many
years until it ended in 2010.[18]
Many American, Australian and British television networks and stations also broadcast their political
interview shows on Sunday mornings.
In sports[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this
section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be
challenged and removed. (January 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template
message)
Major League Baseball usually schedules all Sunday games in the daytime except for the nationally
televised Sunday Night Baseball matchup. Certain historically religious cities such
as Boston and Baltimore among others will schedule games no earlier than 1:35 PM to ensure time
for people who go to religious service in the morning can get to the game in time.
In the United States, professional American football is usually played on Sunday, although Saturday
(via Saturday Night Football), Monday (via Monday Night Football), and Thursday (via Thursday
Night Football or Thanksgiving) see some professional games. College football usually occurs on
Saturday, and high-school football tends to take place on Friday night or Saturday afternoon.
In the UK, some club and Premier League football matches and tournaments usually take place on
Sundays. Rugby matches and tournaments usually take place in club grounds or parks on Sunday
mornings. It is not uncommon for church attendance to shift on days when a late morning or early
afternoon game is anticipated by a local community.
One of the remains of religious segregation in the Netherlands is seen in amateur football: The
Saturday-clubs are by and large Protestant Christian clubs, who were not allowed to play on
Sunday. The Sunday-clubs were in general Catholic and working class clubs, whose players had to
work on Saturday and therefore could only play on Sunday.
In Ireland, Gaelic football and hurling matches are predominantly played on Sundays, with the first
(used to be second) and fourth (used to be third) Sundays in September always playing host to the
All-Ireland hurling and football championship finals, respectively.
Professional golf tournaments traditionally end on Sunday.
In the United States and Canada, National Basketball Association and National Hockey
League games, which are usually played at night during the week, are frequently played during
daytime hours - often broadcast on national television.
Most NASCAR Sprint Cup and IndyCar events are held on Sundays. Formula One World
Championship races are always held on Sundays regardless of timezone/country,
while MotoGP holds most races on Sundays, with Middle Eastern races being the exception on
Saturday. All Formula One events and MotoGP events with Sunday races involve qualifying taking
place on Saturday.
Astrology[edit]
Sunday is associated with the Sun and is symbolized by ☉.
Named days[edit]
Advent Sunday
Black Sunday
Bloody Sunday
Cold Sunday
Easter Sunday represents the resurrection of Christ
Gaudete Sunday is the third Sunday of Advent.
Gloomy Sunday
Good Shepherd Sunday is the fourth Sunday of Easter.
Laetare Sunday is the fourth Sunday of Lent.
Low Sunday, first Sunday after Easter, is also known as the Octave
of Easter, White Sunday, Quasimodo Sunday, Alb Sunday,
Antipascha Sunday, and Divine Mercy Sunday.
Passion Sunday, the fifth Sunday of Lent as the beginning
of Passiontide (since 1970 for Roman Catholics in the ordinary form
of the rite, the term remains only official among the greater title of
the Palm Sunday, which used to be also the "2nd Sunday of
Passiontide")
Palm Sunday is the Sunday before Easter.
Selection Sunday
Septuagesima, Sexagesima and Quinquagesima Sunday are the
last three Sundays before Lent. Quinquagesima ("fiftieth"), is the
fiftieth day before Easter, reckoning inclusively; but Sexagesima is
not the sixtieth day and Septuagesima is not the seventieth but is
the sixty-fourth day prior. The use of these terms was abandoned
by the Catholic Church in the 1970 calendar reforms (the Sundays
before Lent are now simply "Sundays in ordinary time" with no
special status). However, their use is still continued
in Lutheran tradition: for example, "Septuagesimae".
Shavuot is the Jewish Pentecost, or 'Festival of Weeks'. For Karaite
Jews it always falls on a Sunday.
Stir-up Sunday is the last Sunday before Advent.
Super Bowl Sunday
Trinity Sunday is the first Sunday after Pentecost.
Whitsunday "White Sunday" is the day of Pentecost.
See also[edit]
After Saturday Comes Sunday
Blue laws
Saint Kyriake
Sol Invictus
Sunday Christian
Sunday (computer virus)
Sunday Island
Sunday league football
Sunday Morning
Sunday roast
Sunday school
Sunday shopping
Surya
Notes[edit]
1. Jump up^ Cf., e.g., Matt. 28:1
at https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew.
2. Jump up^ "Monday shall be identified as calendar day [1] of any
calendar week, and subsequent calendar days of the same calendar
week shall be numbered in ascending sequence to Sunday (calendar
day [7])." Further discussion: UK National Physical Laboratory: "Which
is the first day of the week? And which is week 1 of the year? (FAQ -
Time)": |http://www.npl.co.uk/science-technology/time-
frequency/time/faqs/which-is-the-first-day-of-the-week-and-which-is-
week-1-of-the-year-(faq-time) (Archive here: https://archive.is/SMEAx)
3. Jump up^ Barnhart (1995:778).
4. Jump up^ "ДНИ НЕДЕЛИ - СЛАВЯНСКАЯ СЕДЬМИЦА".
Retrieved 2013-06-19.
5. Jump up^ "Monday shall be identified as calendar day [1] of any
calendar week, and subsequent calendar days of the same calendar
week shall be numbered in ascending sequence to Sunday (calendar
day [7])." Further discussion: UK National Physical Laboratory: "Which
is the first day of the week? And which is week 1 of the year? (FAQ -
Time)": |http://www.npl.co.uk/science-technology/time-
frequency/time/faqs/which-is-the-first-day-of-the-week-and-which-is-
week-1-of-the-year-(faq-time) (Archive here: https://archive.is/SMEAx)
6. Jump up^ J. R. Stockton. "Calendar Weeks". Retrieved 2010-01-05.
7. Jump up^ St. Jerome, Pasch.: CCL 78, 550, as quoted in: CCC 1166.
8. Jump up^ Owen Chadwick (1998). A History of Christianity. St.
Martin's Press. p. 22.
9. Jump up^ Martyr, Justin, First Apology, 67.3.
10. Jump up^ Zerubavel, Eviatar (1989). The Seven Day Circle: The
History and Meaning of the Week. University of Chicago Press.
p. 45. ISBN 9780226981659.
11. Jump up^ Philip Schaff, History of the Christian Church: Vol. II: From
Constantine the Great to Gregory the Great A.D. 311–600 (New York:
Charles Scribner, 1867) page 380 note 1.
12. Jump up^ The Chronography of 354, Part 6: The calendar of
Philocalus A–G is the seven day week and A–H is the nundial cycle.
13. Jump up^ "Canon 29 of the Council of Laodicea". Ccel.org. 2005-06-
01. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
14. Jump up^ "Guide to Quaker Calendar Names". Iowa Yearly Meeting
(Conservative) Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). Retrieved 30
March 2017. In the 20th Century, many Friends began accepting use
of the common date names, feeling that any pagan meaning has been
forgotten. The numerical names continue to be used, however, in
many documents and more formal situations."
15. Jump up^ Savage, Mark (24 March 2015). "Radio 1 chart show
moving to Friday afternoons". Retrieved 30 December 2016 – via
www.bbc.co.uk.
16. Jump up^ The Kaleidoscope British Independent Television Drama
Research Guide 1955-2010 and The Kaleidoscope BBC Television
Drama Research Guide 1936-2011, Kaleidoscope Publishing
17. Jump up^ "Search Results - BBC Genome". Retrieved 30
December 2016.
18. Jump up^ The British Television Comedy Research Guide 1936-
2011, Kaleidoscope Publishing, 2011
Sources[edit]
Barnhart, Robert K. (1995). The Barnhart Concise Dictionary of
Etymology. Harper Collins. ISBN 0-06-270084-7
Further reading[edit]
Bacchiocchi, Samuele. From Sabbath to Sunday: a historical
investigation of the rise of Sunday observance in early
Christianity (Pontifical Gregorian University, 1977)
Cotton, John Paul. From Sabbath to Sunday: a study in early
Christianity (1933)
Kraft, Robert A. "Some Notes on Sabbath Observance in Early
Christianity." Andrews University Seminary Studies (1965) 3: 18-
33. online
Land, Gary. Historical Dictionary of the Seventh-day
Adventists] (Rowman & Littlefield, 2014)
González, Justo. "A Brief History of Sunday: From the New
Testament to the New Creation" (Eerdmans, 2017)
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations
related to: Sunday
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055595-1
Categories:
Days of the week
Sunday
Christian Sunday observances
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