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Common Board Questions (CBQ) in Nurse Licensure Examination Common Board Questions (CBQ) in Nurse Licensure Examination

(RENAL SYSTEM) (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM)

CBQ no. 1 Differentiate between acute renal failure and chronic CBQ no. 1 How do clients experiencing angina? Describe that pain.
renal failure. Answers: Described as squeezing, heavy, burning, radiates to left
Answers: Acute renal failure: often reversible, abrupt deterioration arm or shoulder, transient or prolonged.
of kidney function. – Chronic renal failure: irreversible, slow CBQ no. 2 Develop a teaching plan for the client taking nitroglycerin.
deterioration of kidney function characterized by increasing BUN Answers: Take at first sign of anginal pain. Take no more than 3, five
and creatinine. Eventually dialysis is required. minutes apart. Call for emergency attention if no relief in 10
CBQ no. 2 During the oliguric phase of renal failure, protein should minutes.
be severely restricted. What is the rationale for this restriction? CBQ no. 3 List the parameters of blood pressure for diagnosing
Answer: Toxic metabolites that accumulate in the blood (urea, hypertension.
creatinine) are derived mainly from protein catabolism. Answers: >140/90
CBQ no. 3 Identify 2 nursing interventions for the client on CBQ no. 4 Differentiate between essential and secondary
hemodialysis. hypertension.
Answer: Do NOT take BP or perform venipunctures on the arm with Answers: Essential has no known cause while secondary
the A-V shunt, fistula, or graft. Assess access site for thrill or bruit. hypertension develops in response to an identifiable mechanism.
CBQ no. 4 What is the highest priority nursing diagnosis for clients in CBQ no. 5 Develop a teaching plan for the client taking
any type of renal failure? antihypertensive medications.
Answer: Alteration in fluid and electrolyte balance. Answers: Explain how and when to take med, reason for med,
CBQ no. 5 A client in renal failure asks why he is being given necessary of compliance, need for follow-up visits while on med,
antacids. How should the nurse reply? need for certain lab tests, vital sign parameters while initiating
Answer: Calcium and aluminum antacids bind phosphates and help therapy.
to keep phosphates from being absorbed into blood stream thereby CBQ no. 6 Describe intermittent claudication.
preventing rising phosphate levels, and must be taken with meals. Answers: Pain related to peripheral vascular disease occurring with
CBQ no. 6 List 4 essential elements of a teaching plan for clients with exercise and disappearing with rest.
frequent urinary tract infections. CBQ no. 7 Describe the nurse’s discharge instructions to a client with
Answer: Fluid intake 3 liters/day; good handwashing; void every 2-3 venous peripheral vascular disease.
hours during waking hours; take all prescribed medications; wear Answers: Keep extremities elevated when sitting, rest at first sign of
cotton undergarments. pain, keep extremities warm (but do NOT use heating pad), change
CBQ no. 7 What are the most important nursing interventions for position often, avoid crossing legs, wear unrestrictive clothing.
clients with possible renal calculi? CBQ no. 8 What is often the underlying cause of abdominal aortic
Answer: Strain all urine is the MOST IMPORTANT intervention. Other aneurysm?
interventions include accurate intake and output documentation Answers: Atherosclerosis.
and administer analgesics as needed. CBQ no. 9 What lab values should be monitored daily for the client
CBQ no. 8 What discharge instructions should be given to a client with thrombophlebitis who is undergoing anticoagulant therapy?
who has had urinary calculi? Answers: PTT, PT, Hgb, and Hct, platelets.
Answer: Maintain high fluid intake 3-4 liters per day. Follow-up care CBQ no. 10 When do PVCs (premature ventricular contractions)
(stones tend to recur). Follow prescribed diet based in calculi present a grave danger?
content. Avoid supine position. Answers: When they begin to occur more often than once in 10
CBQ no. 9 Following transurethral resection of the prostate gland beats, occur in 2s or 3s, land near the T wave, or take on multiple
(TURP), hematuria should subside by what post-op day? configurations.
Answer: Fourth day CBQ no. 11 Differentiate between the symptoms of left-sided
CBQ no. 10 After the urinary catheter is removed in the TURP client, cardiac failure and right-sided cardiac failure.
what are 3 priority nursing actions? Answers: Left-sided failure results in pulmonary congestion due to
Answer: Continued strict I&O; continued observations for back-up of circulation in the left ventricle. Right-sided failure results
hematuria; inform client burning and frequency may last for a week. in peripheral congestion due to back-up of circulation in the right
CBQ no. 11 After kidney surgery, what are the primary assessments ventricle.
the nurse should make? CBQ no. 12 List 3 symptoms of digitalis toxicity.
Answer: Respiratory status (breathing is guarded because of pain); Answers: Dysrhythmias, headache, nausea and vomiting
circulatory status (the kidney is very vascular and excess bleeding CBQ no. 13 What condition increases the likelihood of digitalis
can occur); pain assessment; urinary assessment most importantly, toxicity occurring?
assessment of urinary output. Answers: When the client is hypokalemic (which is more common
when diuretics and digitalis preparations are given together).
CBQ no. 14 What life style changes can the client who is at risk for
hypertension initiate to reduce the likelihood of becoming
hypertensive?
Answers: Cease cigarette smoking if applicable, control weight,
exercise regularly, and maintain a low-fat/low-cholesterol diet.
CBQ no. 15 What immediate actions should the nurse implement
when a client is having a myocardial infarction?
Answers: Place the client on immediate strict bedrest to lower
oxygen demands of heart, administer oxygen by nasal cannula at 2-5
L/min., take measures to alleviate pain and anxiety (administer prn
pain medications and anti-anxiety medications).
CBQ no. 16 What symptoms should the nurse expect to find in the
client with hypokalemia?
Answers: Dry mouth and thirst, drowsiness and lethargy, muscle
weakness and aches, and tachycardia.
CBQ no. 17 Bradycardia is defined as a heart rate below ___ BPM.
Tachycardia is defined as a heart rate above ___ BPM.
Answers: bradycardia 60 bpm; tachycardia 100 bpm
CBQ no. 18 What precautions should clients with valve disease take
prior to invasive procedures or dental work?
Answers: Take prophylactic antibiotics.

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