ANATOMY

LECTURE: NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES

8.2
LECTURER: Dr. Colmenar

OUTLINE A. Skeletal Part

I. External Nose • Nasal bones
a. PARTS
• Frontal process of maxillae
LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Nasal part of frontal bone
• IF THE LECTURER DID NOT PROVIDE B. Cartilaginous Part
OBJECTIVES PUT “NO OBJECTIVES GIVEN”
• 2 Lateral cartilage
REFERENCES (CITE ALL REFERENCES!!!)
• 2 Alar cartilage - Cartilage-U SHAPED- dilate and
• Marieb, E. & Hoehn, K. (2011). Essentials of Human constricts the nares when muscle acting on the nose
th
Anatomy and Physiology (9 ed.). Pearson Education contracts
Inc. (THIS IS A SAMPLE REFERENCE ONLY) • 1 septal
Legend:

Remember
Lecturer Book
(Exams)
G &
*Italicize are from audio – even without the megaphone
icon
Book-blue font
I. EXTERNAL NOSE
• Projects from the face
• Vary in size and shape (depending on ethnicity)
because of differences in nasal cartilages

PARTS
1. Root – Superior angle
2. Apex – nasal tip
3. Nares – 2 piriform openings
4. Alae – lateral boundaries U Kapain niyo nose niyo, yung malambot na part yung
5. Nasal septum – middle structure which separates 2 cartilaginous part
nares U EENT is a nice stepping stone for cosmeticsurgery
6. Vestibule – with stiff nasal hairs U Most common fractured bone of the head is the Nasal
U Vibrissae – medical term for nasal hair (remember bone (contact sports - kapag nasisiko)
th
this until 4 year) U When you undergo nose job, Alar and Lateral
U Vibrisectomy – if mag-pull kayo ng hair sa nose Cartilages yung tini-trim para lumiit. That’s what you
call Alarplasty.

NASAL SEPTUM

• Divides the chamber of the nose into 2 nasal cavities:

A. Components

1. Perpendicular plate of ethmoid – forms bony

superior part of the nasal septum
2. Vomer – thin flat bone
3. Septal cartilage – articulates with bony septum;
movable part
U Kiesselbach’s area or Little’s area – where nose
bleeding(epistaxis) usually occurs
U Kapag nag-nosebleed kayo, dyan usually
nanggagaling

Lecture Title: Nose and Paranasal Sinuses

Transcribed by: wow magic Checked and Edited by: Ursua 1
 NASAL CONCHA

U In clinics, we call this “turbinates”

• 3 scroll-shaped elevations
• Superior,middle,inferior
• Divide the nasal cavity into 4 passages

Sphenoethmoidal recess

U Located in the middle aspect near the sphenoid

sinus
U Eskinita sa loob ng ilong yung mga spaces
U Bounded by bones which are the sinuses
NASAL CAVITIES U Leads to sphenoidal sinus
U Sinues are bone cavities that contain air lined by
U Starts from the front, from the external nares, then all mucosa and they have outflow tracts that leads
the way to the back, your nasopharynx to your
to nasal cavity
posterior choanae

U Important structures clinically please

remember
Superior meatus

U Posterior ethmoidal sinusis beimg drained by

superior meatus
Middle meatus

U Drains the following sinuses: Frontal, Anterior

and Middle Ethmoidal and Maxillary
Inferior meatus

U Exception no drainage
• Open posteriorly into the nasopharynx through the
U Pero the nasolacrimal duct kapag nagbara
conchae
magkakaroon ng tearing, luha kayo ng luha more
• Mucosa lines Nasal Cavity except for vestibule
(anterior part - which is lined by skin) of ophthalmologic disease entity

1. Olfactory area (mucosa part)

- Superior 1/3
- Contains organ of smell
2. Respiratory area
- Inferior 2/3
- Where air is warmed and
moistened before it goes to
respiratory tract

Lecture Title: Nose and Paranasal Sinuses 2

Transcribed by: eow Checked and Edited by: Ursua
 NASAL PASSAGES o Olfactory nerve
o Olfactory bulb – forebrain
• Sphenoethmoidal recess – sphenoid sinus
• Superior meatus – posterior ethmoidal sinus U Not seen in cadaver kasi maliliit
• Middle meatus
- anterior/middle ethmoidal sinus
- frontal sinus
- maxillary sinus
• Inferior meatus – nasolacrimal duct

VASCULATURE
Arterial Supply:

Branches of:
• Sphenopalatine artery
• Anterior and posterior ethmoidal artery
• Greater palatine artery
• Superior labial artery
• Lateral nasal branches of facial artery
• Kiesselbach’s area – anterior, where all arteries PARANASAL SINUSES
anastomose, where nose bleeding occurs

U Septum made up of ridge, made of capillary

network kaya mabilis magdugo
Venous drainage:

• Sphenopalatine, facial and ophthalmic veins

• Air-filled extensions of the respiratory part of the nasal

cavity into the ff cranial bones:

• FRONTAL- behind the forehead

• ETHMOID- superior aspect of the nasal cavity
• SPHENOID - behind the ethmoid
• MAXILLARY
A. FRONTAL SINUS

• Between outer and inner tables of frontal bone

• Detectable by 7 y/o
• Drains thru frontonasal duct into infundibulum w/c
opens into semilunar hiatus of middle meatus
• NS: br of supraorbital n

NERVE SUPPLY Frontal Sinuses

• Nasal septum - The right and left frontal sinuses are rarely of equal size
o Nasopalatine nerve and the septum between them is not usually situated
entirely in the median plane.
o Greater palatine nerve
o Anterior ethmoidal nerve - Very in size approx. 5 mm
o Posterior ethmoidal nerve - Often has 2 parts:
Vertical part – in the squamous part of frontal bone

• Smell Horizontal part – in the orbital part of the frontal bone

Lecture Title: Nose and Paranasal Sinuses 3
Transcribed by: eow Checked and Edited by: Ursua
B. ETHMOIDAL SINUS TRANSERS NOTE

• Comprise several cavities-ethmoidal cells

• At ethmoid bone
I GOT UR THORACIC
• Parts: SPINE doctors

o Anterior- drain into middle meatus

o Middle- form ethmoidal bulla,drain into middle
meatus
o Posterior- drain into superior meatus
• NS: Nasociliary nerve [CN V1]

U Ethmoidal bulla – swelling on the superior border of

the semilunar hiatus

C. SPHENOIDAL SINUS

• Unevenly divided
• Body of sphenoid
• Separated by thin plates of bone from optic nerve and
chiasma, ICA, pituitary gland
• Opens into Sphenoethmoidal recess
• NS: posterior ethmoidal nerve

D. MAXILLARY SINUS

• Largest
• Pyramidal shaped Eow! It has been an honor serving you gross anatomy transes
future bedan doctor(2021). See you next school year!
• Parts:
o Apex- into zygomatic bone -Morte, Montes, Pascua, Robinion for SK members haha
o Base- part of nasal cavity
o Roof- formed by floor of orbit
o Floor- formed by alveolar part of maxilla
• Drains via maxillary ostium into middle meatus
• NS: Superior alveolar nerves

Lecture Title: Nose and Paranasal Sinuses 4

Transcribed by: eow Checked and Edited by: Ursua