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Investigación y Ciencia

ISSN: 1665-4412
revistaiyc@correo.uaa.mx
Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes
México

Cervantes García, Daniel; González Ruiz, Claudia Rebeca; Mayek Pérez, Netzahualcóyotl
Proyecto Genoma Humano: situación actual y perspectivas
Investigación y Ciencia, vol. 13, núm. 33, julio-diciembre, 2005, pp. 56-63
Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes
Aguascalientes, México

Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=67403309

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