Supercapacitors are electronic devices which are used to store

extremely large amounts of electrical charge.

Supercapacitors are electronic devices which are used to store
extremely large amounts of electrical charge. They are also known
as double-layer capacitors or ultracapacitors. Instead of using a
conventional dielectric, supercapacitors use two mechanisms to
store electrical energy: double-layer capacitance and
pseudocapacitance. Double layer capacitance is electrostatic in
origin, while pseudocapacitance is electrochemical, which means
that supercapacitors combine the workings of normal capacitors
with the workings of an ordinary battery. Capacitances achieved
using this technology can be as high as 12000 F.
 In comparison, the self-capacitance of the entire planet Earth
is only about 710 µF, more than 15 million times less than the
capacitance of a supercapacitor. While an ordinary electrostatic
capacitor may have a high maximum operating voltage, the typical
maximum charge voltage of a supercapacitor lies between 2.5 and
2.7 volts. Supercapacitors are polar devices, meaning they have to
be connected to the circuit the right way, just like electrolyte
capacitors. The electrical properties of these devices, especially their
fast charge and discharge times, are very interesting for some
applications, where supercapacitors may completely replace
batterie.

A supercapacitor is a specially designed capacitor which has a very

large capacitance. Supercapacitors combine the properties of
capacitors and batteries into one device

a supercapacitor uses porous materials as separators in order to

store ions in those pores at an atomic level. The most commonly
used material in modern supercapacitors is activated charcoal. The
fact that carbon is not a good insulator results in a maximum
operating voltage limited to under 3 V. Activated charcoal is not the
perfect material for another reason: the charge carriers are
comparable in size to the pores in the material and some of them
cannot fit into the smaller pores, resulting in a reduced storage
capacity.
 A fuel cell produces electricity through a chemical reaction,
but without combustion. It converts hydrogen and oxygen into
water, and in the process also creates electricity. It's an electro-
chemical energy conversion device that produces electricity, water,
and heat.

 If free electrons or other substances could travel through the

electrolyte, they would disrupt the chemical reaction. Whether they
combine at anode or cathode, together hydrogen and oxygen form
water, which drains from the cell. As long as a fuel cell is supplied
with hydrogen and oxygen, it will generate electricity.
 Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. ...
 Direct methanol fuel cells. ...
 Alkaline fuel cells. ...
 Phosphoric acid fuel cells. ...
 Molten carbonate fuel cells. ...
 Solid oxide fuel cells. ...
 Reversible fuel cells.
A fuel cell is different from a battery cell in that reactants are constantly supplied to
a fuel cell making it an open system whereas a battery cell is a closed system that stores the
reactants within it. A fuel cell works as long as fuel is supplied to it whereas a battery
cell requires regular replacements