Application of Battery Energy Storage in Wind
Penetrated Two Area Power System
S Zahid Nabi Dar
Department of Electrical Engineering,
NIT Srinagar, J&K, India
Email: zahidnabi21@gmail.com
Abstract: In this paper, a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)
having a rating of 1 % of total plant capacity of 75 MW is utilized
with a linearized two area power system infiltrated with 20% wind.
A linear DFIG model is constructed based on set point. A voltage
source converter (VSC) is configured with IGBT and a two
quadrant chopper is employed for bidirectional power interface.
The participation of wind turbines into automatic generation
control (AGC) system is made possible by addition of inertial
control loop in wind turbine generators (WTGs). The inclusion of
compact sized BESS helps in diminishing the peak overshoot in
frequency and tie power oscillations. Studies carried out in Matlab
Simulink Environment, shows about 79 % decrease in frequency
oscillations and the tie - power deviations get completely vanished.
Keywords: wind power plants (WPPs), load frequency control
(LFC), doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), wind Turbine
generators (WTGs), battery energy storage system (BESS)
I. Introduction
For participating in primary, secondary and tertiary frequency
control, a variable source wind turbine (VSWT) requires to be
made functional in suboptimal mode, in order to reserve
certain amount of active power for supplying in the event of
frequency contingency. This is possible through wind turbine
deloaded control. Primarily two types of control based on the
reserve capacity inside the pitch and inertial kinetic energy
stored in the wind turbine blades is utilized. The pitch control
employs derating of wind turbine to add the additional power,
whereas the inertial control is applied over short period by
generator torque control mechanism to replicate the
conventional synchronous system behavior.
To counter a frequency dip due to any event, inertial control
employing discharge of KE stacked in the rotating parts in
wind turbine generators (WTGs) is divided into two groups
viz; frequency based inertial control (FBIC) and stepwise
inertial control (SIC). The performance of inertial response
characteristics are governed by wind power penetration level
and the number of WTGs capable of providing inertial
support.
Mairaj-ud-Din Mufti
Department of Electrical Engineering,
NIT Srinagar, J&K, India
Email: muftimd@yahoo.com
Different strategies and schemes are discussed in the literature
based upon the availability of wind. Delta type of wind reserve
is established by deloading the power available from wind
when abundant supply of wind is available. Normally the wind
farms operate at Maximum power point tracking (MPPT), but
a wind power transfer from wind farm to grid during the state
of power imbalance might lead to voltage or frequency
oscillations. This scenario suggests for a constrained operation
of wind farm, rather tracking MPPT, a fixed point called as set
– point would be more economical and beneficial (1).The role
of compact rated Flexible alternating current transmission
system (FACTS) based energy storage system battery energy
storage system (BESS) is considered.
Among the various types of wind turbines our focus is on
doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based configuration,
being power house of wind industry as almost 50% wind
penetration into conventional system are DFIG based. In this
paper, a linearized power system without incorporation of any
nonlinearity such as governor dead band and steam reheat
constraints is considered. The focus is to integrate a BESS
with this two area power system infiltrated with 20% wind.
During an event of contingency the balance of power amidst
supply and demand is disturbed, the governing factor happens
to be the total system inertia and the size of power imbalance
measured by the rate of change of frequency (ROCOF).
The DFIG model utilized in this paper is constructed on the
basis of model developed in (2). The system data is given in
Appendix ‘A’ and the DFIG data is presented in Appendix ‘B’
For properly utilizing BESS in the power system the
application of simultaneous control is needed, wherein the
fundamental (inner) control loop targets at interchanging the
requisite power between the BESS and the network for
enhanced dynamic power system operation. Analyzing the
response of the suggested scheme, a two area power system is
considered (2). The schematic diagram of DFIG is
represented in figure 1 and of BESS in figure 2. Specifications
that are utilized in integrating the BESS with an electrical
utility system are presented in Appendix ‘C’. The
mathematical modeling for BESS and its complete design is
based on (3).
 FIG 1. Inertial block diagram with frequency regulation incorporating wind turbine.

FIG 2. Configuration of BESS in Power System

II. Modeling of DFIG Pm is the mechanical power of prime mover in p.u;

A considerable amount of energy is available in fast rotating Pe is electrical power in p.u.

electrical generators and majority of this energy is present ΔP is the load generation mismatch
within the rotor blades as discussed in (4-5). The frequency The hidden inertia controller is `simply based on a control
mismatch condition can be depicted by the classical frequency loop which is added in the power converter controller. This
version of swing equation:- controller increases the WTGs electrical power output
significantly on occurrence of a frequency dip during the
2H df initial stages of disturbance, by generation of active power
 p m  p e  Δp control signal as represented by the below given equations:-
f 0 dt
df sys
Δp emu  2H emu f sys
Wherein, dt
H represents the inertia constant of generator, given in seconds (Wherein Hemu is the emulated inertia and fsys is represents the
is the rated value of frequency, system frequency
fo is the rate of change of frequency (ROCOF)
ΔPEmu depicts the additional control loop injected to the
reference signal Pref present within the back to back converters
of the WT. This virtual inertia is present in the closed loop
controllers in form gain, represented by a proportional transfer
function that can take any value. H emu is below the total WT
inertia and allows for a greater KE contribution with raising
values.
In scenarios of not requiring inertial support from wind farms
the inertial control loops incorporate a dead- band that enables
in stopping initializing of inertial response ,this further
enhances the machine lifetime by lessening the effects of
friction by constant wear and tear.(6-8)

III. SIMULATION STUDIUES

It can be seen from figures 3 and 4 there is about 79%
reduction in peak overshoot with incorporation of DFIG based
WTGs when a step load disturbance of 0.01 and –0.01 is
applied at interval of 20 and 80 seconds.From figure 5 it is
Observed with incorporation of BESS there is no deviation in
tie power oscillations. Figure 6 represents the area control error
(ACE).Figure 7 represents the deviation in battery voltage
when it is introduced to a load disturbance profile as given in
Figure 8.
Fi
Fig. 4. Area 2 with and without WTG and BESS

.
Fig 5. Tie- power deviation with and without DFIG
Fig. 3. Area 1 with and without WTG and BESS
Fig 6. ACE with and without DFIG Fig 8. Load disturbance

VI. CONCLUSION

A linear DFIG Model based upon set point was developed. The
integration of the WTGs based on these plans was introduced to a
two area linear model of load frequency controller. An additional
integration of a compact sized battery whose Power Conditioning
System (PCS) is rated just 1% of the total plant capacity of 75MW
delivered about 79% reduction in LFC characteristics and the
deviation in tie-power is completely eliminated. The role of BESS is
seen from figure 7 when there is 300 volts change in BESS voltage
on occurrence of perturbation. Further incorporation of this compact
rated system to a pragmatic power system with Wind penetration
would lead to reliable and improved sustainable power.

Appendix ‘A’: System Data

He1=He2=3.5 p.u.MW.sec

KP1= KP2=62 Hz / (p.u.)

TP1= 10S
Fig 7. Battery Voltage

TP2=15S

TT1=TT2=1
 Thi=Th2=0.1
1. Chang-Chien L R, Sun CC and Yeh Y J (2014) ‘”.Modeling
of Wind- Farm participation in AGC” IEEE Transactions
R1=R2= 3Hz/ (p.u.MW) on Power Systems.Vol.29,No.2 ,pp.1204-1211

2. Dar, S.Z.N. and Mufti, M. D. (2017a) “Enhanced load

B1=B2=0.05(p.u.MW/radian) frequency control response with integration of Supervisory
controlled superconducting magnetic energy storage system
T12=0.07(p.u..MW/Hz) in wind penetrated two- area power systems “ International
Journal of Wind Engineering” Vol. 41, No. 5 ,pp.330-342.
Appendix ‘B’: DFIG data
3. Dar, S.Z.N. and Mufti, M. D. (2017b) ‘Analysis of two
Kwi1=0.1 area power system with battery energy storage, “2nd
International Conference for Convergence in Technology
(I2CT)” ,pp.915-919.
Kwp1=1.58
4. Fischer, M., Engelken, S., Mihov, N., et al.(2014):
Kwi2=0.1 “Operational Experiences with Inertial Response Provided
by Type 4 Wind Turbines” IET Renewable Power
Generation, 2016, Vol. 10, No 1, pp. 17 –24
Kwp2=1.61
5. Rutledge L, Flynn D (2015) “ Emulated inertial
Ta1= Ta2=0.2 Sec
response from wind turbines: gain scheduling
Tr1= Tr2=0.1 Sec and resource co-ordination” IEEE Transactions on
Power Systems Vol 31 No 5 pp 31(5):3747–3755
Th1= Th2=0.1 Sec

Tt1= Tt2=1 Sec 6. Tarnow ski C. “Coordinated frequency control of wind

turbines in power systems with high wind power
penetration,” PhD thesis, Technical University of Denmark,
Tw1= Tw2=6 Sec 2012

Appendix ‘C’: Battery Data

7. Van de Jan V, Jeroen DMD, Bart M et al (2016) “Droop
Maximum Battery voltage = 4800 V dc control as an alternative inertial response strategy for the
synthetic inertia on wind turbines”. IEEE Trans Power
Initial Battery Voltage = 2200 V dc System Vol 31 No 12 pp 1129-1138

BESS unit rating= (750KW (1% of 75MW)

8. 8 F. Teng and G. Strbac (2016), “Assessment of the role
C BP  52597 and value of frequency response support from wind plants”
IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy,Vol.7,No. 2, pp. 586–595,
C B1  1F
R BAT  0.0167
TBP  0.005sec
R BP  10KΩ
R B1  0.001Ω
R BS  0.013
L  (1/1000)
K P  0.1254(proporitional  gain)
K I  4.98745(integral  gain)

References