Ballast Water Management System

Challenges for Owners and Class

Algiers, 25th of April 2018

Tihomir Kezic

© - Copyright 2016 Bureau Veritas – All rights reserved

Topics

1 INVASIVE SPICIES

2 BWM CONVENTION

3 BWM STANDARDS

4 BWM TECHNOLOGY

5 RETROFIT

6 SAMPLING

7 PORT STATE CONTROL

8 ROADMAP

9 SURVEY SCHEME

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 2

INVASIVE SPICIES

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 3

Impact to the World fleet

60.000
ballast water carrying ships
may need to comply with
the Convention

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 4

Ballast water as vector

► Shipping is essential to the global economy (90% of the World trade)

► Ballast water is essential to ship stability and safety (control trim, list, draught,
stability or stresses)
► Ship may fill up to 50% of tonnage with ballast water (up to 60.000 t per single
ship)
► Estimate of sea water displaced in one year is 3-10 billion tons

► Together with water, live organisms are displaced (7.000 to 10.000 species –
flora, fauna, microbes)
► Transferred species may became invasive and cause extensive and irreversible
damage in area where they don’t have natural enemies

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 5

Marine traffic density

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 6

BWM CONVENTION

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 7

Ballast water management convention purpose

► Prevent, minimize and ultimately eliminate the risks to the environment,

human health, property and resources arising from the transfer of
Harmful Aquatic Organisms and Pathogens through the control and
management of ships‘ Ballast Water and Sediments,
► Avoid unwanted side-effects from that control

► Encourage developments in related knowledge and technology

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 8

Ballast water management convention

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 9

Some BWMC definitions

Administration
• the Government of the State under whose authority the ship is operating
(for ship – flag State; for floating platforms – concerned coastal State)

Ballast Water
• water with its suspended matter taken on board a ship to control trim, list,
draught, stability or stresses of the ship

Ballast Water Management

• mechanical, physical, chemical, and biological processes, either singularly or
in combination, to remove, render harmless, or avoid the uptake or discharge
of Harmful Aquatic Organisms and Pathogens within Ballast Water and
Sediments

Ship
• a vessel of any type whatsoever operating in the aquatic environment and
includes submersibles, floating craft, floating platforms, FSUs and FPSOs.

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 10

BWMC Application
Applies to
• The BWM Convention applies to all
ships designed or constructed to carry
ballast water including submersibles,
floating craft, floating platforms, FSUs
and FPSOs. Ships of 400 GT and
above are subject to surveys and
certification, excluding floating
platforms, FSUs and FPSOs.
However, as per BWM.2/Circ.46,
Mobile offshore units should comply
with the provisions of the Convention
and should be surveyed and issued
with an International Ballast Water
Management Certificate (BWMC).
• ships not entitled to fly the flag of a
member State but which operate
under the authority of a member State
Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management
Does not apply to
• Ships not designed or constructed to
carry ballast water,
• Ships operating only in waters of one
member State (unless the member
State determines otherwise),
• Ships of one member State operating
only in waters of another member
State and the latter authorizes an
exclusion.
• Ships which only operate in waters of
one member State and on the high
seas (subject to conditions).
• Any warship, naval or State owned
ships.
• Ships with permanent ballast water in
sealed tanks not subject to discharge
11
BWM STANDARDS

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 12

Ballast Water Management Standards

D-1 BALLAST WATER EXCHANGE STANDARD

• Based on exchange at efficiency of 95 percent volumetric replacement

of ballast water between deparuture and arrival ports

D-2 BALLAST WATER PERFORMANCE STANDARD

• Based on ballast water treatment, with precise requirement for treated

water quality

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 13

 Ballast Water Management Standards
Sequential
Dilution (filling from top,
discharge from bottom)
Flow through
Flow (pumping) through method
IMO D-1 BWE
at least 95% exchange by volume and at > 200 nm* and >
200 m deep
at least 3 times of each ballast tank volume; or
95% exchange by volume if so demonstrated;
and at > 200 nm* and > 200 m deep

The major difference in between USCG State of California

and IMO is in there: viable vs. living IMO D-2 BWT / USCG After After
01/01/2020 01/01/2030
VIABLE ORGANISMS SIZE LIVING*** ORGANISMS SIZE

organisms ≥ 50 µm < 10 / m3 0 0
10 µm ≤ organisms < 50 µm < 10 / mL 0.01/ml 0

Organisms <10 µm 1000 cfu/100 ml 0

Toxicogenic Vibrio cholerae
(serotypes 01 and O139)
Escherichia coli
Intestinal Enterococci
MICROBES INDICATOR
< 1 cfu / 100 mL < 1 cfu / 100 mL 0
< 250 cfu / 100 mL; or
< 1 cfu / g (wet weight of < 126 cfu / 100 mL 0
zooplankton samples)
< 100 cfu / 100 mL < 33 cfu / 100 mL 0

* Or as far as practicable from nearest land but not less than 50 nm

** In addition to USCG Regulations 33 CFR Part 151 Subparts C and D
*** For USCG Regulations : « Living ». USCG rejectedBureau
application from UV manufacturers for using MPN method as equivalent alternative and
Veritas – Ballast Water Management 14
insisted on MDA/CMFDA methods to asses living/dead condition of the organisms.
BWM TECHNOLOGY

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 15

BWM, Treatment Technology

Chemical treatment
Mechanical removal Physical desinfection
and biocides

• Filtration • Ultrasound • Chlorination

• Cyclonic separation • Ultraviolet • Electro-chlorination/
• Coagulation/ • Heat - pasteurisation electrolysis
flocculation • Cavitation • Chlorine dioxide
• Deoxygenation • Advanced oxidiation
• Electro-catalysis • Residual control
• Ozonation (sulphite/bisulphite)
• Peraclean Ocean
(peracetic acid -
CH₃CO₃H, with
hydrogen peroxide)

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 16

BWM, Processes

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 17

BWM, Typical operation
► Ballasting

► The first stage is

mechanical separation
(filtering)
► Filters automatically
backwashed, sediment
discharged to point of
origin
► Second stage is
treatment

► De-ballasting

► Mechanical separation
stage is by-passed
► Water is pumped through
treating reactor, to
disinfect remaining or
newly grown organisms

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 18

Mechanical Separation

► Used to remove solid particles and large species

► Usually performed in front of any disinfection technique

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 19

Ultraviolet Disinfection

► UV light neutralize organisms either directly or through damage to their

DNA
► Some vendors combine UV sterilization with other oxidizing processes

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 20

UV schematic Disinfection
Ballasting operation:
BWMS

Self-draining
Filter or UV unit
Hydrocyclone

SC BW Tank

De-ballasting operation:
BWMS

Self-draining
Filter or UV unit
Hydrocyclone

SC BW Tank

Most representative Brand-names and manufacturers:

PureBallast™ from AlfaLaval

OBS from OptiMarin
Glo-En-Patrol™ from Panasia
Blue Ocean Shield™ from COSCO
BSKY™ from Wu Xi Brightsky Electronics Co., Ltd.

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 21

Chlorination

► Proven technique from on-shore installations

► Inject chlorine rich agent to ballast water which destroys cell-walls of

micro-organisms
► Ineffective for some species

► Issue with storage of chlorine agent, and safety of the crew

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 22

Electro-chlorination

► Same method as chlorination, except that chlorine agent is produced

onboard of the ship, removing storage hazards

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 23

Filter + Chemical injection

• Different kinds of active substances - chemicals (out of chlorine family) and

different chemical reactions
• BWMS – independent container on deck
® From JFE Engineering BallastAce® with NeoChlor Marine®

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 24

Filter + Chemical injection

• Neutralizer „Sodium Sulphite” is injected into ballast water in order to remove

„peracetic acid” before the water is discharged into sea
® From JFE Engineering BallastAce® with NeoChlor Marine®

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 25

Ozonation
► Ozone gas is bubbled into the water which decomposes and
reacts with other chemicals to kill micro-organisms
► Especially effective at killing micro-organisms but not for large species

► Requires neutralization before ballast water discharge

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 26

Deoxygenation

► Reduces pressure of oxygen in space above the water with inert gas injection or by
means of a vacuum to asphyxiate the microorganisms
► Removal of oxygen may result in a decrease in corrosion propensity. If an inert gas
generator is already installed on the ship, deoxygenation plant would take up little
additional space
► Typically, the time required for organisms to be asphyxiated is between one and four days

► 95% dissolved O2 is removed from ballast watrers within 10 seconds (manufacturers)

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 27

Heat (Pasteurization)

► No treatment during ballast water intake, ballast water treated in-tank,

during the voyage
► Water is treated by heating and partial deoxygenation, using waste heat
from engines
► Elevated temperature and reduced oxygen level cause elimination of
living micro-organisms

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 28

Cavitation + UV system

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 29

Available BWMS approved as per G8 and G9
42% of
40 installations Trend –
on NC from becoming
35 2010 to 2015 more popular
30 55% of the NC than UV
25 and retrofits in
2015
20
15
10 Under process
Approved
5
0

74 IMO “old” G8 TAC issued (+ 23 G9 Basic or Final in progress )

0 IMO « new » G8 TAC for time being
29 BV Classification TAC issued *Updated August 2017
5 USCG approved
Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 30
Comparison of Technologies

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 31

HSE risk assessment

High risk in failure

mode
Medium risk in failure
mode
Low risk in failure
mode
No risk even in failure
mode

►« Risk in failure mode » does not mean the system is « risky » but just means that the
risk needs to be addressed by appropriate solutions based on its severity and frequency
(to be quantified). Relevant FMEA should be conducted for a specific BWMS arranged
onboard one specific ship (Refer to BV NI 525 Risk Based Qualification of New
Technology Methodological Guidelines).

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 32

 HSE risk assessment
MECHANICAL PHYSICAL CHEMICAL

CYCLONIC SEPARATION

CHEMICAL BIOCIDES

ELECTRO-CHEMICAL
DE-OXYGENATION

PASTEURIZATION
FLOCCULATION
MEMBRANE

CAVITATION
FILTRATION

OZONE
UV
Mechanical damage
Power failure
UV Exposure to human
Pressure drops
Toxic gas: HC, Cl2, ClO2, O3
Flammable gas: H2, O2
Overpressure of tanks
Overtemp. of tanks
Chemical leakage
Corrosion

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 33

 Maximum capacities of BWMS
25
Pasteurization
20
Number of systems

De-oxygenation
15
Chemical injection

10 Electro-chemical

Flocculation
5
Membrane
0
Ozone

Cavitation

UV/US

Maximum Flow Rates m3/h

In-tank systems (Pasteurization & De-oxygenation) do not dependent from ballasting / de-ballasting flow
rates
Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 34
RETROFIT

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 35

 Retrofit project

Equipment BV
IMO G8 Type
survey at Classification
Approval
manufactory Type Approval

INSTALLATION CREW
PRELIMINARY
ENGINEERING COMMISSIO- FAMILIARIZA- OPERATIONS PSC SURVEY
ASSESSEMENT
NING TION

Selection of ONBOARD TRAINING System

BWMS PLAN Installation Nomination of maintenance 4 Stages
Ship? APPROVAL Commissio responsible inspection
BWRB
Operations? officer program
-ning maintenance
Environement Onboard Trial period
conditions? Initial procedures BWMP
Risk Aanlysis? survey Maintenance maintenance
OPEX/CAPEX? plans Annual,
Selection of a Intermediate,
docking facility Renewal
surveys
Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 36
Preliminary Assessement

OPERATIONS SHIP
Min ballast tank capacities ? TANKER or other type: Ex
Max. voyage time ? proof, inerting, duplication ?
Min ballasting flow-rates ? Available space ?
Max. time at port ? Reinforcement, additional
weight ?
Stability verification ?
Available electric power ?
Remaining lifetime ?

ENVIRONMENT
Maximum salinity ? OPEX
Maximum clarity ? Power consumption ?
Maximum temperature ? Chemical consumption ?
Local Regulations (USCG, etc) ? Maintenance, rotary parts,
spare parts ?

CAPEX ?
Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 37
Selection of the type of BWMS : SHIP

Major advantage MECHANICAL PHYSICAL CHEMICAL

Advantage

CHEMICAL BIOCIDES

ELECTRO-CHEMICAL
DE-OXYGENATION

PASTEURIZATION
FLOCCULATION
Relative advantage

SEPARATION
MEMBRANE

CAVITATION
FILTRATION
CYCLONIC
Relatively insignifiant

OZONE
UV
Relative disadvantage

Disadvantage

Max. Space consumption

Can be used for cargo tank
inerting?
SHIP

Sludge tanks needed?

Chemical, additives or
neutralizer storage needed?
Min. lifetime (BW piping and
tank corrosion)

Just compare the comparable : filtration vs. hydrocyclone or UV vs. Electro-chemical Do not
compare filtration vs. UV or filtration vs. Electro-chemical)

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 38

 Selection of the type of BWMS : OPERATIONS
MECHANICAL PHYSICAL CHEMICAL

CHEMICAL BIOCIDES

ELECTRO-CHEMICAL
DE-OXYGENATION

PASTEURIZATION
FLOCCULATION
SEPARATION

MEMBRANE

CAVITATION
FILTRATION

CYCLONIC

OZONE
UV
Min. flow rate

Min. voyage time

Min. water salinity

OPERATIONS

Min. water clarity For

chlorination
Min. water temp. only

Efficiency for
macro-organisms
Efficiency for
micro-organisms
Environemental
friendly Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 39
Selection of the type of BWMS : OPEX

MECHANICAL PHYSICAL CHEMICAL

CYCLONIC SEPARATION

CHEMICAL BIOCIDES

ELECTRO-CHEMICAL
DE-OXYGENATION

PASTEURIZATION
FLOCCULATION
MEMBRANE

CAVITATION
FILTRATION

OZONE
UV
Power consumption

Chemical/additives
OPEX

consumption

Rotary parts
Maintenance, spare
parts

Same as for CAPEX, comparisons of OPEX are relevant for one BWMS vs. another one, not
necessarily relevant for one technology vs. another one.

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 40

SAMPLING

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 41

Sampling purpose and sampling points

► In case of BWE (D-1 standard) sampling has to make evidence that

water has been exchanged, therefore it is of more quantitative nature
► Sampling for BWE standards is usually from the ballast water tanks,
taken trough manholes, air or sounding pipes
► For BWT standards (D-2), samples serve to confirm compliance, what is
qualitative analysis
► Preferred sampling point for BWT is at discharge of ballast water

Sampling purpose Compliance monitoring Compliance monitoring

D-1 D-2
Sampling point In-tank At–discharge and/or In-tank

Taxonomic coverage Target taxa (to prove coastal
origin of water)
Qualitative / Quantitative Qualitative (to prove coastal
origin of water)
Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management
All taxa, indicator microbes
and bacteriae
Quantitative for organisms
above 10 µm and qualitative
for indicator microbes
42
BWE (D-1) Sampling equipment

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 43

In-line sampling

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 44

PORT STATE CONTROL

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 45

 IMO IBWMC PSC inspection : get prepared!
IMO issued MEPC Res. 252(67) : Guideline for
Port Sate Control under the BWM Convention
based on 4 stages:

►1st stage, initial inspection: documentation,

nomination responsible officer, familiarization.

►2nd stage, more detailed inspection: check

the operations

►3rd stage: sampling is envisaged to occur,

indicative analysis*

►4th stage: detailed analysis*

* See BWM.2 Circ. 42 Guidance on Ballast water sampling and analysis for trial in accordance with BWMC and Guidelines
Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 46
ROADMAP

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 47

D-1 and D-2 roadmap based on MEPC 71
28/10/2018
TAC of BWMS to comply with revised G8

28/10/2020
Any new installation of BWMS to
comply with revised G8

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 48

Roadmap

Ships constructed (keel-laid) on or after 8 September 2017 need to comply with the D-2 standard
upon delivery.

Existing ships should be D-2 compliant on the first IOPP renewal following entry into force if:

• this survey is completed on or after 8 September 2019, or

• a renewal IOPP survey is completed on or after 8 September 2014 but prior to 8 September
2017.

Furthermore, the ship should be D-2 compliant on the second IOPP renewal survey following entry
into force, if the first renewal survey following the date of entry into force of the convention is
completed prior to 8 September 2019 and if conditions 1 or 2 above are not met.

This means that a ship which is due for an IOPP renewal survey between 8 September 2017 and
8 September 2019 cannot decouple its IOPP survey for a second renewal before 8 September
2019 without then having to comply with the D-2 standard.

Ships constructed before 8 September 2017 and delivered (including the initial IOPP survey) after
that date, need to comply with the D-2 standard at the first IOPP renewal survey after delivery.

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 49

SURVEY SCHEME

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 50

Surveys

Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 51

IMO IBWMC Initial survey

Onboard inspection:
Verification vs. approved documentation
Verification vs. TAC(s!) and component certificates
Piping construction inspection,
Bulkhead penetrations Conditions & limitations
Sampling facilities expressed in:
- IMO G8 TAC; AND
Workmanship of the installation - BV Classification TAC
Testing control and monitoring
Testing of visual and audible alarms
Sampling facilities provided
If applicable, confirmation of recording devices and supply consumables
If applicable, verification of the installation with regards to the potential presence of
dangerous gas (including Ex equipment inspection)
If applicable, confirmation of sufficient active substances are provided
If applicable, confirmation of preparation and dosage instructions for active
substances
Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 52
IMO IBWMC Periodic surveys

Annual survey
Validity of IBWMC
Confirms reviewed BWMP onboard
Confirms Type Approval Certificate issued by Flag (G8) or its RO onboard
If applicable, confirms records of recording devices
External examination of the treatment system and its operation
If applicable, confirms the handling of active substances vs.
manufacturer’s recommendations
If applicable, confirmation of preparation and dosage instructions for
active substances

In addition: Intermediate & Renewal surveys

Examination of the system for obvisous defects, deterioration or
damages including pumps, piping and fittings for wear and corrosion
Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 53
Bureau Veritas – Ballast Water Management 54