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By :- M.D.C.D WICKRAMAWARDENA
INTRODUCTION
Risk assessment is a well-developed field which many operators are currently applying to improve their operations
and reduce their risk exposure. This paper is intended to provide an overview of the risk assessment for mariners
in the Maritime environment. The risks addressed are primarily those affecting the safety of a vessel, facility or
operation. The concept of risk is defined, and the methods available to assess the risks associated with an
operation are described. Regulatory requirements that have prompted the development of modern risk
assessment practices are described. There are many different analysis techniques and models that have been
developed to aid in conducting risk assessments. A key to any successful risk analysis is choosing the right method
(or combination of methods) for the situation at hand. This is achieved through critical analysis of the available
data concerning marine crises. This paper provides a brief introduction to some of the analysis methods available
and suggests risk analysis approaches to support different types of decision making within the maritime to cope
with crises. Finally, as awareness of risk assessment increases, the benefits which can be realized through its
application will continue to increase. Organizations in both the public and the private sector are becoming more
and more familiar with the benefits associated with risk-based approaches to managing safety and consequently
reducing crisis in maritime environment.
Key terms
Hazard
Risk
Hazard-
A hazard is a source of potential injury, harm or damage. It may come from many
sources,
e.g. situations, the environment or a human element.
Risk-
Risk has two elements:
The likelihood that harm or damage may occur.
The potential severity of the harm or damage.
Why is risk assessment important?
Risk assessments are very important as they form an integral part of an occupational health
and safety management plan. They help to:
The assessment should first establish the hazard that are present at the place of work and
then identify the significant risk arising out of the work activity. The risk assessment should
include consideration of the existing precautions to control the risk such as permits wo
work, restricted access and use of warning signs or personal protective equipment
The assessment of risks must be ‘suitable and sufficient’ but the process need not be
overcomplicated. This means that the amount of effort that is put into an assessment should
depend on the level of risks identified and whether those risks are already controlled by
satisfactory precautions or procedures to ensure that they are as low as reasonably
practicable. The assessment is not expected to cover risks that are not reasonably
foreseeable
The assessment will depend on the type of ship, the nature of the operation, and the type
and extent of the hazards and risks. The intention is that the process should be simple, but
meaningful. The relevant legislation regarding risk assessments should be referred to when
deciding on what methodology will be employed. There is a requirement that seafarers
must be informed of any significant findings of the assessment and measures for their
protection, and of any subsequent revisions made. It is therefore advisable that copies are
carried on board each vessel and that there is a process for regular revisions to be carried
out. In particular, the risk assessment must be reviewed and updated as necessary, to ensure
that it reflects any significant changes of equipment or procedure or the particular
circumstances at the time, e.g.
the weather or level of expertise of those carrying out the task.
According to the Code of safe working practice it has given guidelines to conduct a risk
assessment. It has shown five steps to conduct a risk assessment
Few workplaces stay the same. Sooner or later, you will bring in new equipment,
substances and procedures that could lead to new hazards. It makes sense, therefore, to
review what you are doing on an ongoing basis. Look at your risk assessment and think
about whether there have been any changes. Are there any improvements you still need to
make? Have your seafarers spotted a problem? Have you learned anything from accidents
or near misses? Make sure your risk assessment stays up to date. When you are running a
business, it’s all too easy to forget about reviewing your risk assessment – until something
has gone wrong and it’s too late. If there is a significant change, don’t wait: check your
risk assessment and, where necessary, amend it. If possible, it is best to think about the risk
assessment when you’re planning your change – that way you leave yourself more
flexibility.
The risk management process may be summarized by the flowchart below
Model risk assessment form use onboard
Revision: 1
Forms and Checklists
SMS – Manual Date:
Brise Bereederungs
GmbH & Co. KG Risk Assessment Page: 1/5
Name of vessel
Place of assessment
Severity of harm
Likelihood of
harm
Slight harm Moderate harm Extreme harm
risk risk
1. Select the expression for likelihood which most applies to the hazard;
2. Select the expression for severity of harm which most applies to the hazard;
3. Cross reference using the Risk Estimator table (above) to determine the level of risk
4. If the Risk Factor is MEDIUM or above (Yellow, orange or red) additional control measures
should be implemented and recorded in Section 3.
Revision: 1
SMS – Manual
Forms and Checklists
Date: 30.06.2012
Brise Bereederungs
GmbH & Co. KG Risk Assessment Page: 5 /5
10
Additional comments:
Risk assessment for ships should be continual, flexible, reviewed regularly to improve
safety and preventing pollution. Since ‘risk’ is never a constant or concrete entity, the
divergence of the nature of perception and anticipation the level of danger from the risk
undertaken is resolved by experience, training and disposition. Human behavior towards
issues, general awareness, and constant vigilance of those involved, all play a vital role in
the organization’s decision-making process in the risk assessment in ship operations.