Introducción Al Simulador

INTRODUCING THE PROCESS SIMULATOR
PC
LC
FC
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Page 2 PALMA SELVA PARRILLA

MODULE DESCRIPTION
Process simulators are designed to serve many operating companies in the processing industries and many
engineering companies. With such tools users can create rigorous steady state and dynamic
models for plant design, performance monitoring, troubleshooting, operational
improvement, business planning, and asset management. Through the process simulator’s
completely interactive interface, users can easily manipulate process variables and unit
operation topology, as well as fully customize their simulation using its customization and
extensibility capabilities.
The various components that comprise the simulators provide an extremely powerful
approach to steady state process modeling. At a fundamental level, the comprehensive
selection of operations and property methods allows the user to model a wide range of
processes with confidence. Perhaps even more important is how the approach to modeling
maximizes your return on simulation time through increased process understanding. The key
to this is the Event Driven operation. By using a ‘degrees of freedom’ approach, calculations
are performed automatically. Calculations are performed as soon as unit operations and
property packages have enough required information.
Any results, including passing partial information when a complete calculation cannot be
performed, are propagated bi-directionally throughout the flowsheet. What this means is
that you can start your simulation in any location using the available information to its
greatest advantage. Since results are available immediately - as calculations are performed -
you gain the greatest understanding of each individual aspect of your process.
All information concerning a unit operation can be found on the tabs and pages of its property
view. Each tab in the property view contains pages which pertain to a certain aspect of the
operation, such as its stream connections, physical parameters (for example, pressure drop
and energy input), or dynamic parameters such as vessel and valve rating.
The design of the interface is consistent, if not integral, with this approach to modelling.
Access to information is the most important aspect of successful modelling, with accuracy
and capabilities accepted as fundamental requirements. Not only can you access whatever
information you need when you need it, but the same information can be displayed
simultaneously in a variety of locations. Just as there is no standardized way to build a model,
there is no unique way to look at results. There are a variety of methods to display process
information - individual property views, the PFD, Workbook, Databook, graphical
Performance Profiles, and Tabular Summaries. Not only are all of these display types
simultaneously available, but through the object-oriented design, every piece of displayed
information is automatically updated whenever conditions change.
The way in which the different components of a simulator are combined in a Graphical User
Interface (GUI) is key to the success of the tool. From a user perspective, it is extremely
important to get used to the GUI as soon as possible to be able to exploit the benefits of the
Windows-based interface.
However, such an interactive interface can be sometimes cumbersome for beginners and
some familiarization is often necessary to get used to the many graphical features of the
process simulator GUI.
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
By the end of this module students will be familiar with the graphical user interface (GUI) and the several available
ways of entering information that the software offers.
Students will be able to:

· Open an existing simulation case.
· Work with the process flow diagram (PFD).
· Modify the user preferences.
· Enter stream composition and conditions.
· Identify when a value is a user specification, a software default or a value

calculated by the simulator.
· Installing and defining streams.
· Installing and defining unit operations.
· Use the Workbook and change its default Setup.
INTRODUCTION
The same basic features available in other Windows based programs are available in the
process simulator:
· Minimize, Maximize/Restore and Close icons are located in the upper right
corner of most property views.
· Object icon, located in the upper left corner of most property views, contains
the normal Windows menu.
Minimize button
Maximize button
Restore icon
Close icon
Pin icon

Most of the property views found in the GUI are resizable to some degree.
The following list provides a brief description on resizable property views:
· When the Minimize, Maximize/Restore and Close icons are available, the
property view can be resized vertically and horizontally.
· When only the Minimize and Close icons are available, the property view can only
be resized vertically.
· When only the Close icon or Close and Pin icons are available, the property view
cannot be resized.
Although you can input and access information in a variety of ways, there are five
primary interface elements for interacting with the process simulator:
Interface Element Description
PFD
A property view containing a graphical environment for building your
flowsheet and examining process connectivity. Process information can
be displayed for each individual stream or operation as needed.
Workbook
A property view containing a collection of tabs that displays information
in a tabular format. Each Workbook tab displays information about a
specific object type. You can install multiple tabs for a given object type,
displaying information in varying levels of detail.
Property View
A single property view that contains multiple tabs. The simulator
extensively uses these single property views, which include all information
about a specific object (in other words, an individual stream or operation).
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Summary View
Displays the currently installed streams and operations.
Simulation
A property view that provides a single location for viewing all stream and
Navigation unit operation property views in the simulation case, regardless of the
flowsheet they exist in.
Each of these interface elements, are all connected through the model itself. Changes made
in any location are automatically reflected throughout the case.
In addition, there are no restrictions as to what can be displayed at any time. For example,
you can have the PFD and Workbook open, as well as property views for operations and
streams.
THE DESKTOP
The figure below shows the basic components of the Desktop.
The main features of the Desktop are described in the following table:
Object Definition
Title Bar Indicates the file currently loaded.
Menu Bar
Provides access to common flowsheet commands through a
dropdown menu system.
Toolbar Contains various icons that invoke a specific command when clicked.

Indicates the environment and mode that you are currently working
Environment/
in.
Mode Label
Status Bar
Displays the calculation status of the object. When the mouse pointer
is placed over an icon in the toolbar, the Object Palette, or a property
view, a brief description of its function appears in the Status Bar.
The Calculation/Responsiveness icon enables the user to control how

Calculation/
much time is spent updating the screens vs. calculations.
Responsiveness icon
Scroll Bars Allows you to scroll horizontally and vertically.
Object Status Window/

The Object Status Window (left pane) shows current status messages
Trace Window for flowsheet objects, while the Trace Window (right pane) displays
Solver information. The windows can be resized vertically or
horizontally by clicking and dragging the windows frames located
between or above them.
INTERFACE TERMINOLOGY
The terminology shown in the following figures is used to describe the various interface
elements.
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Object Definition
The current active location is always indicated by a dark frame or

Active Selected Location
border.
Button Invokes a command when clicked.
Items or settings that are On or Off. Selecting the checkbox turns the
Checkbox
function On. Clearing it turns it Off.
Drop-Down List. A list of available options for a given input cell.
Organizational border within a page that groups related functions

Group
together. Each group has its own active location.
Invokes a command when clicked, or opens a property view when

Icon
double-clicked.
Location in a property view for supplying or viewing information (for

Input Cell/Field example, stream names and temperatures). In many cases it has a
drop-down list associated with it.
A group of cells where you can manoeuvre with the mouse or the
Matrix
keyboard arrow keys.
Either shrink the current property view (minimize), or expand the

Minimize/
property view to its full size.
Maximize icon
Either closes the property view (double-clicking), or produces a

Object icon
dropdown menu of common Windows commands.

Each property view shows the status of the associated object with a
Object Status coloured background (red for a missing parameter, yellow for a
warning message, and green for OK).
Pages Provides access to detailed information for the selected object.
Pin Converts a Modal property view to a Non-Modal property view.
Radio Button. Always found in groups of at least two; only one can be active at a time.
Provides a logical grouping of information. Often contain pages where

Tabs
the information is sorted further.
Any graphical representation found on the Desktop, for example, a

View
property view for an operation.
EXERCISE 1. THE GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI)

The way in which the different components of a process simulator are combined in a
Graphical User Interface (GUI) is key to the success of the tool. From a user perspective, it
is extremely important to get used to the GUI as soon as possible to be able to exploit the
benefits of the Windows-based interface.
However, such an interactive interface can be sometimes cumbersome for beginners and some familiarization is
often necessary to get used to the many graphical features of the
process simulator GUI.
1.1 Open the simulator using the Windows Start Menu.
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1.2 Using
now the options in the Menu bar, open the
Simulation Case entitled
Open Case menu

Menu bar and Icon toolbar Introducing_GUI that was provided with the course electronic material.
See that the software offers Ctrl+O as a short cut combination to do the same job.
When a case is open, the GUI shows several windows: the Process Flow Diagram, PFD,
(important element of the GUI that will graphically show the topology of the simulation case
being analyzed) where all the simulation objects are going to be installed, the Object Palette
(that contains all the Unit Operations). The view of the original window has slightly
changed, as well: the menu bar contains more items, like the icons toolbar.

Process Flow Diagram
The Process Flow Diagram is the default property view when you open an existing case.
The PFD provides the best representation of the flowsheet as a whole. Using the PFD
gives you immediate reference to the progress of the simulation currently being built,
such as what streams and operations are installed, flowsheet connectivity, and the
Object Palette
status of objects.
In addition to graphical representation, you can build your flowsheet within the PFD
using the mouse to install and connect objects. A full set of manipulation tools is
available so you can reposition streams and operations, resize icons, or reroute streams.
All of these tools are designed to simplify the development of a clear and concise
graphical process representation.
The PFD also possesses analytical capabilities. You can access property views for
streams or operations directly from the PFD, or install custom Material Balance Tables
for any or all objects. Complete Workbook pages can also be displayed on the PFD and
information is automatically updated when changes are made to the process.
There are several ways you can track a specific variable throughout the PFD, including
replacing stream name labels or designating a color to represent a variable range.
Every flowsheet (or subflowsheet) has its own PFD, so you can access any flowsheet’s
PFD from any location. You can also use the multi-flowsheeting architecture to provide
clear and concise representations of complex simulations. Instant access to the
subflowsheet PFD is available through Object Inspect menu of the main flowsheet’s PFD.
However, the way the simulator interacts with the user can be modified if the session
preferences are modified. The session preferences in the simulator are used to specify
default information for the simulation case. This information includes Automatic Naming
Formats, Units, Colours, Fonts, Icons, etc., for the simulation. These preferences can then be
saved for use in other simulations.
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Other than general simulation preferences, it is often needed to change the unit set that the
simulator is using. This can be accomplished in the Variables tab, Units menu.
Let’s assume that some of the variables that are of interest to us are shown by the simulator
in units that make little sense to us or that we need to continuously convert. It would be very
useful to instruct the software to show, i.e. pressure in kg/cm 2 and mass flow in tonnes per
hour.
1.3 From the Tools menu, open the Preferences window, if it is not already open.
1.4 Move to the Units menu of the Variables tab.
1.5 Make a clone of the SI unit set by highlighting its name in the Available Unit Sets
list and by pressing the Clone button afterwards.

1.6 See that a new Unit Set has appeared with a default name: NewUser1 that contains
identical units than the SI set but now they can be modified in the Display Units
list.
1.7 Change the Pressure units from kPa to kg/cm2 and the Mass Flow units from kg/h
to tonne/h:
Just by defining a new Preference Set, it immediately becomes active from that moment on.
You don’t necessarily need to save the set. However, if with the computer you are working
with several engineers use the simulator and they modify the Preferences, then it might be
worth to Save Preference Set… by using the existing button to do so. Then, whenever you
re-enter into a simulation session, you simply need to Load Preference Set…
1.8 Move to the Resources tab and see that there is where you find the options to
modify the aspect of:
· Colours.
· Fonts.
· Icons.
· Cursors.
· Sounds.
All the functions and property views in the simulator are set with a predefined colour scheme.
The Colours page lets you customize this colour scheme to meet the specific needs of your
organization or simulation.
Simulator default colour settings for text in cells/fields are as follows:
· Black text indicates the value is calculated by HYSYS and cannot be changed.
· Blue text indicates the value is entered by the user and is editable.
· Red text indicates the value is calculated by HYSYS and is editable.
To change the colour of an element, do the following:
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a) In the Colour Name list, select the item you want to modify.
b) From the Select System Colour drop-down list, select one of the system
colours that are available, or select <Custom>.
c) If you selected <Custom>, click the Select Custom Colour button. The colour
palette appears. Select the required colour and click OK.

EXERCISE 2. STREAMS
We are using a component-based process simulator. It calculates physical and transport properties as well as
thermodynamic equilibrium as a function of the contribution of every
individual component to the mixture and as a function of the thermodynamic method chosen. It is then obvious that,
without having selected a thermodynamic basis and a list of
component, no calculation is possible, no mass not heat balances can be computed.
Consequently, to create a new case, a case from scratch, the first step is to create that
thermodynamic basis but, from a training point of view, it is worthier to start getting
familiar with the GUI and leave for a second chapter the Thermodynamic concepts.
The Introducing_Starter case has been prepared with this purpose in mind. It contains
four predefined streams of four different process or utilities fluids that could be found in a
process. Each one uses an appropriate thermodynamic method (that will be discussed in
later modules).
2.1 Open the mentioned case using File/Open/Case… or by clicking the Open
icon or by using the hot-key combination CTRL+O. The case is located in the
Accompanying Material folder that was provided with the course content.
The PFD of the case shows four arrows (the graphical representation for a fluid stream) with one label each one,
showing the name of the stream: Air, LSR, BTEX and Natural
Gas.
2.2 Open the Property View of stream Air by double-clicking on its arrow-shaped
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1 atm = 101.3 kPaicon. You would be located in the Worksheet tab and the Conditions page. It is a 500 kgmole/h of a
typical air stream (go to Composition page and check)
at 500 kPa and 15 C.
Q1: What mass density is reported for that state?
Q2: What is the Mass Heat Capacity?
Q3: Are these properties T dependant? What are their values at the same pressure but
at 80 C?
Q4: At what T would you expect Air to liquefy? Tip: decrease T until you see the Vapor Fraction
changing from 1.000
Q5: Is really Air what is condensing?

2.3 Open stream Natural Gas by double-clicking on its icon. It is a 5000

1 bar = 100 kPa kgmole/h stream, feeding an on-shore gas plant. It arrives at 20 C and 24 bar.
Q6: What is its Vapour Fraction?
Q7: What mass density is calculated for that state?
The software is always
calculating properties and conditions for every individual phase and for the mixed one. It reports the mixed phase values in the main
view but the results for the
individual phases can be Q8: Is this the density of the mixed phase? The one of the gas phase or the one of the
retrieved by expanding liquid phase? Tip: With the help of the mouse, expand the stream property view to the right
the stream
Property View.
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Q9: Would you now be able to have a better answer for previous question 5?
2.4 Open stream LSR by double-clicking on its icon. It is a stream representing a

To calculate the exact value Light Straight Naphtha leaving the condenser of a petroleum refinery
of the temperature dew
column. The stream is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and
point for a given pressure,
use Vapor hypothetical components (go to Composition page and check). The
Fraction = 1.000 as user condenser operates at 1.5 bar and subcools the mixture to 40 oC because
input. Similarly, to know it uses cold water as refrigerant.
what is the bubble point for
a given pressure, use 0.000
as Vapor Fraction input.
Q10: What is the exact dew point at 1.5 bar?
Q11: And the one for the Natural Gas at 24 bar?
Q12: What is the bubble point for LSR at 24 bar?

Q13: And the dew and bubble points at 20 bar?
2.5 Open stream BTEX by double-clicking on its icon. It is an intermediate

stream in a petrochemical plant. It is a liquid stream at 60 oC.
Q14: What is the Benzene vol% fraction?
Q15: What is the concentration (g/l) of o-Xylene in that stream?
SAVE YOUR CASE AS: INTRODUCING_EXERCISE 2
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EXERCISE 3. UTILITIES
The utility commands are a set of tools, which interact with a process by providing additional information or analysis
of streams or operations. In the simulator, utilities become a permanent part of the
Flowsheet and are calculated automatically when appropriate.
All Utilities are available to the user through the Tools/Utilities menu (CTRL+U). Most utilities
can also be added through the Utilities page on the Attachments tab of a stream's property
view.
The use of Utilities adds value to the simulations due to the improved results obtained
through the analysis of the data generated. An Envelope utility, for instance, can help gas
processing engineers to know up to what low temperature decrease to avoid gas
condensation. The Hydrate Formation would help the same community to predict if hydrates
would appear under the planned transportation scheme. The Boiling Point Curves would
provide laboratory-style distillation results for streams to refining engineers. The
Property Table utility would help any engineer to know how key physical
or transport The Tools menu. properties can change with temperature or pressure in their fluid of study.
In this course Utilities will be added using any of the two possible methods. In the end, it
will be the user the one deciding which one feels more comfortable with.
3.1 Open Natural Gas stream by double-clicking its icon. Go to Attachments

tab, Utilities window. Press the Create… button. In the list of Available
Utilities window that appears, select Envelope Utility and press the Add
Utility button.
The Envelope utility allows the user to examine relationships between selected
parameters for any two-phase or three-phase stream of known composition, including

streams with only one component.
The utility shows already in the Design tab, Connections page some results: the Critical
Temperature and Pressure (-48.70 oC and 79.34 bar). It shows as well the maxima of the
curves, known as cricondentherm (33.5 oC) and cricondenbar (109 bar).
3.2 Go to Performance tab, Plots page:
Any object can be

“inspected” by rightclicking
on its icon. In the case of
graphs or plots, the Object
Inspection menu contains
several ways of
customizing plots and of
extracting information.
The PT envelope graph is shown above, with the dew point curve in blue and the bubble
point curve in red. The Critical Point is shown in yellow. Try other envelope types by
switching the ratio button on the bottom-right group. Some of them may require re-scaling
the axes to see more clearly some of the points.
Object inspection menu for
graphs. Normally, all graphical output in the case has the tabular values available as well. With the
Envelope utility, if you need to access the tabular values, simply select the Table page in
Performance tab:
With the Graph Control

submenu the user should
be able to change the plot
appearance (axes, colors,
lines, labels, etc.). With the
Cross Hair (or any of its
parts: Vertical or
Horizontal) a point in the
plot can be graphically read
in the left-bottom corner.
With the Copy to Clipboard
options the user can export
as a bitmap the plot image
to any other software for
pasting.
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r Utility, now from the Tools menu. Among the list of available ones on the
right window, select Property Table and press the Add Utility button. You
3.3 Try adding need to attach it to the Air stream by pressing the Select Stream… button.
anothe
The Property Table utility allows you to examine property trends over a range of
conditions in both tabular and graphical formats. Using a stream of known
composition, you can target two independent variables and their respective ranges of interest. The range of each
independent variable is distinct, and can be set as either an
incremental range or a selection of specific values. Next, you can relate which dependent variables are to be displayed
at each combination of the independent
variables.
3.4 Set up the first independent variable as Pressure in State Mode. State three
different pressure levels at 2, 4 and 5 bar.
3.5 Select Temperature as the second independent variable. Set it in

Incremental Mode. Set the Lower Bound at 0 oC and the Upper one at 40 oC.
Select 50 Increments.
3.6 Still in Design tab, go to Dep. Prop. Page and select Mass Density after having pressed the Add button. Follow
the same procedure to incorporate
the Mass Heat Capacity as additional Dependent Property to compute. The
Utility is ready to calculate.
3.7 Press the Calculate button and wait for the green OK message.
3.8 Go to Performance tab, Plots page, select Mass Density in the list of

Properties and press the View Plot… button.
3.9 Go to Performance tab, Plots page, select Mass Heat Capacity in the list of
Properties and press the View Plot… button.
The simulator offers the possibility to read graphically inside the plots that it generates. By
right-clicking anywhere in a graph, an options menu is open:
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If the user activates the Cross Hair option then, a cross appears in the graph, the coordinates
of the center of which appear in the bottom left corner of the plot:
In the same contextual menu that activates the Cross Hair, there is the Graph Control option. Using it, user can
modify the appearance of the plot, modifying the symbols, the
axes, the units, etc.

In any case, if the user is not completely satisfied with the aspect of the plots that the
simulator is capable of offering, there is always the possibility to export them to a third
software that might have more graphical capabilities than the simulator (i.e. Excel,
SigmaPlot, Matlab, etc.).
3.10 Open Microsoft Excel without closing the simulator.
3.11 In the Property Table extension, move to the Table menu of the Performance tab:
3.12 With the mouse, select the Temperature and the Mass Density column.
3.13 In the simulator’s Edit menu, select Copy with Labels.
3.14 Move to an Excel cell and use the Paste option (CTRL-V).
3.15 Use Excel at your desire to re-create the Mass Density plot.
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5
200 kPa
4
400 kPa
3 500 kPa
2
0
0 10 20 30 40
Temperature (C)
3.16 Add another utility to the stream BTEX. The Critical Properties utility provides
information about the true and the pseudo critical properties of the mixture:
To display again a
simulator window
that has been
minimized, select it back
directly in the Window
option in the
Menu bar.
3.17 Finally, the information that the Cold Properties utility can provide about the
quality and expected behavior of refinery fluids is very valuable. Experiment
with it by attaching one to the LSR stream.

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EXERCISE 4. NEW STREAMS

did not need to know how to install and fulfill the information of a newly created stream.
This is something that you will start doing now.
There are several ways of creating a new stream. Along the course, we will be discovering
these ways. Now, you will just experiment one of the possibilities.
4.1 In the Object Palette the icon representing material streams is the blue arrow in
the top left position. Just double-click on it and a new stream, named “1” by
Press F4 to display the
default, will appear in your PFD and its Property View will open in the
Object Pallete.
Worksheet tab, Conditions page. See that the last of the conditions that
appear is the Fluid Package. See if the one that stream 1 has assigned is the
same or different than the one the other streams have. See as well the list of
components available to enter stream composition in stream 1 and in the rest
of streams.
You would have realized that the Introducing_Starter case was built with four different
Fluid Packages, each one with a different Component List associated. This is a very important
and attractive feature of the software: the same simulation case can handle several
thermodynamic basis simultaneously.
Material stream icon
For the time being, let’s use Refinery as Fluid Package for stream 1 (you can switch property
package directly in the stream using the dropdown menu). If you go now to Composition
page, you would see a longer list of components available.
4.2 Define a butanes mixture stream (press Edit button and enter 0.6 as mole fraction
for i-Butane and 0.4 for n-Butane and 0 for the rest). Click OK to accept. Go
back to Conditions page. Have a look to the stream Status window. It shows
in yellow the missing information (Temperature in this case).
Entering zeroes as mole

fraction for a high number
of components in a list can
be accomplished by clicking
the “Normalize” button
once the Total sum of
fractions equals 1.000. The
still <empty> values will be
replaced by zeroes.
Up to now, you have
been experimenting
with streams that
were previously
4.3 Enter 30 oC as temperature (the Status window is claiming for Pressure now) and
created for you. You
3.5 bar as pressure.

Even though there is still a message stating that the flow is missing, you would have realized
that due to the closing of the DOF, some calculations have already started. With composition
and two state variables (T and P) the simulator is capable of performing a thermodynamic
flash and determine the molar enthalpy, the molar entropy and the vapor fraction.
Q16: What enthalpy has been calculated?
Q17: and entropy?
Q18: Is the butanes mixture liquefied at 30 C and 3.5 bar?
4.4 Enter 100 kgmole/h as Molar Flow. The Status window should be showing a green
OK now.
4.5 Install and analyze the PH envelope of butanes. Include the 40 oC, the 70 oC and the
100 oC isotherms.
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EXERCISE 5. INSTALLING UNIT OPERATIONS

There are a number of ways to install unit operations onto your flowsheet. The operations that are available depend
on where you are currently working (main flowsheet, template subflowsheet, or column
subflowsheet). If you are in the main flowsheet or template environments, all operations are
available, except those associated specifically with the column, such as reboilers and
condensers. A smaller set of operations is available within the column subflowsheet.
The two primary areas from which you can install operations are the UnitOps property view
and the Object Palette.
All information concerning a unit operation can be found on the tabs and pages of its
property view. Each tab in the property view contains pages, which pertain to a certain
aspect of the operation, such as its stream connections, physical parameters (for example,
pressure drop and energy input), or dynamic parameters such as vessel rating and valve
information. Material and energy streams transfer process information between operations.
Although each Unit Operation differs in functionality and operation, in general, the Unit
Operation property view remains fairly consistent in its overall appearance. The figure below
shows a generic property view for a Unit Operation.
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The Operation property view can contain several different tabs that are operation specific.
However, the Design, Ratings, Worksheet, and Dynamics tabs can usually be found in each
Unit Operation property view and have similar functionality.
Tab Description
Design Connects the feed and product streams to the Unit Operation.
Other parameters such as pressure drop, heat flow, and solving
method are also specified on the various pages of this tab.
Ratings Rates and Sizes the Unit Operation vessel. Specification of the tab
is not always necessary in Steady State mode. However, it can be
used to calculate vessel hold up.
Worksheet Displays the Conditions, Properties, Composition, and Pressure

Flow values of the streams entering and exiting the Unit Operation.
Dynamics Sets the dynamic parameters associated with the Unit Operation
such as valve sizing and pressure flow relations. Not relevant to
steady state modelling.

5.1 Let’s use the existing Natural Gas stream as the feed to a very simple flowsheet
that we are going to build to illustrate how to install, connect and solve simple-
to-setup unit operations.
5.2 Install a 2-phase separator to split the stream into one gas and one mixedliquid
stream.
The Separator operation allows for multiple feeds and produces one vapour and one
liquid product stream. In Steady State mode, the separator divides the vessel contents
into its constituent vapour and liquid phases.
There are two ways that you can add a Unit Operation to your simulation. The
instructions below are detailed for the installation of a Separator but they can be
applied to any other Unit Operation:
1. From the Flowsheet menu, select Add Operation. The UnitOps property view
appears.
2. Click the Vessels radio button.
3. From the list of available unit operations select the Separator model.
4. Click the Add button. The Separator property view appears.
OR
1. From the Flowsheet menu, select Palette. The Object Palette appears.
2. Double-click the Separator icon . The Separator property view

appears.
Tip: Click the Ignored checkbox to ignore the unit operation when solving the
simulation.
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To specify Separator connections:
a. From the PFD, double-click the Separator icon. The property view of the
selected vessel appears.
b. Click on the Design tab.
c. Click on the Connections page.
d. In the Name field, specify a name for the vessel.
e. In the Inlets list, click the <<Stream>> cell. A drop-down list appears. From
the drop-down list, either select a pre-defined stream or click the empty
space at the top of the list and type in the name of the stream. Repeat this
step if you have multiple feed streams.
f. In the Fluid Package drop-down list select the fluid package you want to use
for the vessel. The fluid package that is associated with the flowsheet is
selected by default.
g. In the Vapour Outlet drop-down list either type in the name of the stream or
if you have pre-defined your stream select it from the drop-down list.
h. In the Liquid Outlet drop-down list either type in the name of the stream or
if you have pre-defined your stream select it from the drop-down list.
To specify Separator Parameters:
a. From the PFD, double-click the Separator icon. The property view of the
selected vessel appears.
b. Click on the Design tab.
c. Click on the Parameters page.
d. In the Delta P field, specify the pressure drop across the vessel. The default
value is 0.0 kPa.
e. In the Volume field, specify the volume of the vessel (not always needed in SS
simulation).

f. In the Liquid Level field, specify the level of the liquid as a percentage of the
full vessel volume. The default value is 50.0% (not always needed in SS
simulation).
g.
If an energy stream is attached to the vessel select either the Heating or
Cooling radio button. If you know the duty of the energy stream specify the
value in the Duty field.
5.3 Install a Valve on the separator’s vapour line. Fix the valve outlet pressure at 23
bar. See that an identical result could have been obtained by fixing the valve
pressure drop equal to 1 bar.
5.4 Install a Cooler after the valve to decrease the temperature of the vapour mixture
down to 0 oC.
The Cooler unit operation is a one-sided heat exchanger. The inlet stream is cooled to
the required outlet conditions, and the energy stream absorbs the enthalpy difference
between the two streams. This operation is useful when you are interested only in how
much energy is required to cool a process stream with a utility, but you are not
interested in the conditions of the utility itself.
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Q19: What additional information do you think the Cooler needs to be able to solve?
Q20: How many degrees for freedom (DOF) has then a cooler unit operation? And the
valve you installed before? And the 2-phase separator? Are you sure?
5.5 Specify a pressure drop equal to 50 kPa in the Parameters page of the Design tab
of the Cooler.
Q21: What is the amount of condensation after the cooling stage?
A centrifugal pump will be now used to increase the pressure of the separator liquid
stream to pipeline conditions for export.
5.6 Install a Pump by double-clicking its icon in the Object Palette and specify its
working conditions to be 75% adiabatic efficiency in order to obtain an outlet
pressure of 35 bar.

The Pump operation is used to increase the pressure of an inlet liquid stream. Depending
on the information supplied, the pump calculates either an unknown pressure,
temperature or pump efficiency.
Q22: What is the power consumption of the pump?
Q23: What is the outlet temperature?
5.7 Finally, install a Valve, downstream of the pump, that offers a pressure drop
to the circulating liquid of 100 kPa.
Q24: Is the liquid flashing at the new pressure level?
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EXERCISE 6. THE WORKBOOK

The Workbook displays stream and general unit operation information in a tabular format. The Workbook can also
be configured to display information about any object type (streams, pipes, controllers,
separators, etc.).
The Workbook is a collection of tabs. For example, suppose you add a tab for Separators.
Every separator in the flowsheet will be on that tab, with the current value of process
variables appropriate to the separator being displayed for each. To provide the greatest
degree of flexibility, you can modify the variable set to show whatever variables are of
interest, or install multiple tabs for the same object type in varying levels of detail.
Not only is the Workbook extremely powerful for process analysis, but it has also been
developed as an integral element in the building and manipulation of your simulation. In
addition to displaying the process information, you can make changes to specifications
directly from the workbook and calculations will be performed automatically. Mechanisms
have also been built into the workbook to provide you immediate access to the property
view for an individual stream or operation.
Each flowsheet in your simulation (main flowsheet and column/template sub-flowsheets)

possess their own workbook. You can access the Workbook for any flowsheet from any
location in your simulation.
There are three ways that you can open a workbook.
· Click the Workbook icon in the toolbar to open the workbook for the current
flowsheet.
· Click the Workbooks command in the Tools menu. The Select Workbook view appears.
From the list of available flowsheets, select the flowsheet associated with the
workbook you want to view and click the View button.
· Press the CRTL W hot key to open the workbook for the current flowsheet.
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The first time you access the workbook, it will open to the Material Streams tab, displaying
the basic stream information for all streams currently installed in the flowsheet. The default
workbook also contains tabs for Compositions, Energy Streams and Unit Ops.
The workbook Setup view allows you to add, delete and customize the tabs in the workbook.
This view also allows you to add, delete, and sort variables on each Workbook tab. The tabs
can be made of default variable sets or you can individually select the variables to display.
You can also designate the format and order of each variable.
This view is accessed using one of the two following methods:
· When the Workbook has focus, click the Setup command in the Workbook menu.
· Object-inspect any of the tabs available in the Workbook. From the resulting menu click
the Setup command.
6.1 From the list of available Workbook Tabs click on the tab that you want to insert
the new tab before.
6.2 Click the Add button in the Workbook Tabs group. The New Object Type view
appears.
6.3 Click on the object that you want as the subject of the tab Click on the ‘+’ symbol to
view additional sub-items (i.e. Rotating Equipment, Pump).
6.4 Click the OK button. You are returned to the Setup view and the new tab appears
in the list of available tabs.

6.5 If necessary, click in the Name field to specify a name for the tab.
6.6 Click the Add button in the Variables group. The Select Variables for Main view
appears.
6.7 Include the Power as a new variable to appear in the Pumps tab
6.8 Clicking the Close icon will return you to the Workbook, with the tab you just
added as the active tab.
Page 41

Introducción Al Simulador

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Introducción Al Simulador

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INTRODUCING THE PROCESS SIMULATOR

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Students will be able to:

· Work with the process flow diagram (PFD).

· Modify the user preferences.

· Enter stream composition and conditions.

· Identify when a value is a user specification, a software default or a value

· Installing and defining streams.

· Installing and defining unit operations.

· Use the Workbook and change its default Setup.

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The following list provides a brief description on resizable property views:

Interface Element Description

Title Bar Indicates the file currently loaded.

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The Calculation/Responsiveness icon enables the user to control how

Scroll Bars Allows you to scroll horizontally and vertically.

Object Status Window/

The current active location is always indicated by a dark frame or

Button Invokes a command when clicked.

Drop-Down List. A list of available options for a given input cell.

Organizational border within a page that groups related functions

Invokes a command when clicked, or opens a property view when

Location in a property view for supplying or viewing information (for

Either shrink the current property view (minimize), or expand the

Either closes the property view (double-clicking), or produces a

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Pages Provides access to detailed information for the selected object.

Pin Converts a Modal property view to a Non-Modal property view.

Provides a logical grouping of information. Often contain pages where

Any graphical representation found on the Desktop, for example, a

EXERCISE 1. THE GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI)

1.1 Open the simulator using the Windows Start Menu.

Open Case menu

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Process Flow Diagram

1.4 Move to the Units menu of the Variables tab.

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Simulator default colour settings for text in cells/fields are as follows:

To change the colour of an element, do the following:

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Q1: What mass density is reported for that state?

Q2: What is the Mass Heat Capacity?

Q5: Is really Air what is condensing?

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2.3 Open stream Natural Gas by double-clicking on its icon. It is a 5000

Q6: What is its Vapour Fraction?

Q7: What mass density is calculated for that state?

The software is always

2.4 Open stream LSR by double-clicking on its icon. It is a stream representing a

Q11: And the one for the Natural Gas at 24 bar?

Q12: What is the bubble point for LSR at 24 bar?

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Q13: And the dew and bubble points at 20 bar?

2.5 Open stream BTEX by double-clicking on its icon. It is an intermediate

Q14: What is the Benzene vol% fraction?

Q15: What is the concentration (g/l) of o-Xylene in that stream?

SAVE YOUR CASE AS: INTRODUCING_EXERCISE 2

3.1 Open Natural Gas stream by double-clicking its icon. Go to Attachments

parameters for any two-phase or three-phase stream of known composition, including

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streams with only one component.

3.2 Go to Performance tab, Plots page: