5G Tokyo Bay Summit, July 22, 2015

DOCOMO’s Vision toward

2020 and Beyond

Seizo ONOE
CTO and EVP
NTT DOCOMO, INC.
The new of today, the norm of tomorrow
5G
 NGMN Mar. 3 IC&E Mar. 24-25

Mar. 1

GSMA Mar. 4

European Commission Mar. 3

MWC SHANGHAI 2015, July 16 -5G Leadership in the Asia Pacific Region-

Evolution from the past to

the future beyond 5G

Seizo ONOE
CTO and EVP
NTT DOCOMO, INC.
MWC SHANGHAI 2015, July 16 -5G Leadership in the Asia Pacific Region-

 LTE update
 History and Future
 5G Discussions
LTE update  5G Technology
History
5G Discussions
5G Technology
Conclusion Extra topics
 History and Future

LTE update
History
5G Discussions
5G Technology
Conclusion Extra topics
Cellular Technology Generations
- the worldwide market

Today
 Cellular Technology Generations
- the worldwide market
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040

Launch Peak
1G - AMPS
2G - GSM
3G - WCDMA
4G - LTE
5G -
6G -

Today
 Cellular Technology Generations
- the worldwide market
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040

Launch Peak
1G - AMPS
2G - GSM
3G - WCDMA
4G - LTE
5G -
6G -

Today
 Cellular Technology Generations
- the advanced market
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040

Launch Peak Shut down

1G - Analogue
2G - PDC
3G - WCDMA
4G - LTE
5G -
6G -

Today
Penetration speed
The advanced market leads the technology per market

then the technology penetrates the whole worldwide market.

History from 1G to 4G and the Next Details
Chronological table
1980 1985 1990

Analogue
1980s
TDMA
Concept
2G GSM/
Cellular PDC/
1G Paper by Dr. Kinoshita
ICC’81 and IEEE Trans. VT, 1982
TDMA
1990 1995 2000

1990s
2G
WCDMA
2Mbps Experiments
3G
WCDMA/
CDMA2000
2000 2005 2010

2000s
3G
OFDMA/SCFDMA
100M-1Gbps Experiments 4G
Super3G Concept LTE/LTE-Advanced
2010 2015 2020

2010s 10Gbps Experiments at 11GHz

4G Now what? 5G
July 16, 2015 Seizo ONOE Copyright© 2015 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved 21
History of 4G Research at DOCOMO
Background: 4G research outcome of over 1Gbps data transmission
100Mbps 5Gbps
in 2002-2003 in 2006

1Gbps
in 2004-2005

July 16, 2015 Seizo ONOE Copyright© 2015 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved 23
Original Aims of Super3G
System performance
Basic concept (Original aims)
スムースな4G 4G
Long term evolution of 3G Smooth 導入
Evolve 3G technologies by maintaining introduction of 4G
4G 4G
competitiveness 4G Spectrum
Provide a smooth introduction path to Super 3G 3G Spectrum S3G
4G Super3G
3Gの長期的エボリュー
Long term evolution ション
Background of 3G _競争力維持
At the start of standardization in 2004, HSUPA HSUPA

interest in 4G was low

HSDPA
In 2008, for the proposal to ITU-R IMT- HSDPA
HSUPA
Advanced, it was clearly indicated that LTE
Most people didn’t like to use the term “4G”.
Advanced should be an evolution of LTE R99 R99
HSDPA

Start inWCDMA Release99

Start in Wide spread in
DoCoMo World market

• LTE provides a smooth evolution path to 4G

(LTE-Advanced) 2000 2005 2010 2015
2000 2010

July 16, 2015 Seizo ONOE Copyright© 2015 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved 26
History from 1G to 4G and the Next Chronological table Details
1980 1985 1990

1980s
TDMA
2G
Analogue
Cellular
1G
TDMA
Concept
Paper by Dr. Kinoshita
ICC’81 and IEEE Trans. VT, 1982
2G GSM/
PDC/
TDMA

1990 1995 2000

1990s 3G
2G WCDMA WCDMA
2Mbps Experiments

3G WCDMA/
CDMA2000

2000 2005 2010

2000s OFDMA/SCFDMA 4G It’s a marketing gimmick after 3G, while

OFDMA
100M-1Gbps Experiments
3G
Super3G Concept
4G
LTE/LTE-Advanced
technologies were there before 5G

2010 2015 2020

2010s 10Gbps Experiments at 11GHz

No contents Boom: 5G is hype?

4G Now what?
No technology 5G 5G No Tech

2020 2025 2030 2035 2040

No single representative technology, but

2020s 7G
5G 6G
there are several candidate technologies 5G Technology

and the combinations of technologies create new technologies and solutions.

July 16, 2015 Seizo ONOE Copyright© 2015 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved 29
 5G Discussions

Global Activities
Requirements
Time Plan
Concept and Spectrum
LTE update Technology Coverage
History Convergence or Divergence
5G Discussions Scenarios
5G Technology R&D activities
Conclusion Extra topics Conclusion
 Requirements
What is 5G?
Global Activities
Requirements
Time Plan
Concept and Spectrum
Technology Coverage
Convergence or Divergence
Scenarios
R&D activities
Conclusion
 Requirements
Use cases

Traditional and Eternal requirements

2G, 3G, 4G, 5G- 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G-
Higher capacity
Higher data rate Lower cost
Energy saving

Lower Latency 4G, 5G-

Flexibility for Business 1 msec
models and Ecosystem
New requirements

Extremely low power 5G-

Massive connectivity consumption
15 years battery life
for Internet of Things
 What is 5G?
Ecosystem, Customer and Business Aspect
e.g. NGMN Vision
5G is an end-to-end ecosystem to enable a fully mobile and connected
society.
It empowers value creation towards customers and partners, through existing and emerging use cases,
delivered with consistent experience, and enabled by sustainable business models.”

Other Technology Aspect Other

Industry Industry
Sectors 5G is a new Radio Technology and/or Sectors
Evolution of 4G LTE.
It includes Network Architecture and Core
Network Technology.
 What is 5G?

3G and 4G 5G

Ecosystem Technology
Business

Technology Ecosystem
Business

Technologies are required to

The technology led services and
support the ecosystem and
businesses, as a result.
businesses.
シリーズイベント「5Gアイデアソン・ハッカソン」
目的
• 5G能力を活用したサービスの早期開発
• 5G能力と5Gを利用したサービスの、アプリケーション開発者およびユーザ
に対する訴求
• アプリケーション開発者との5Gに関するパートナーシップ構築

5Gアプリケーション創造のためのシリーズイベント「5Gアイデアソン・ハッカソン」

CY 2015 CY 2016
Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

シリーズイベント アイデアコンテスト Demo Day

キックオフ(8/22) ＋開発者ドラフト会議 （お披露目会）

アイデアソン期間 ハッカソン期間
 Time Plan

Global Activities
Requirements
Time Plan
Concept and Spectrum
Technology Coverage
Convergence or Divergence
Scenarios
R&D activities
Conclusion
 Evolution of Mobile Technology
2020 2025 2030
•+New bands licensed after 2020
Massive-MIMO, ・・・

mmW
5G+
5G
4G LTE •Existing frequency bands
•New bands licensed by 2019
2010 •Unlicensed bands 2015 2020
FD-MIMO, NOMA, Lean Carrier Design. New Numerology

LTE-Advanced
4G LTE
 Technology Coverage
for
Global Activities
Requirements Use Cases and
Frequency Bands
Time Plan
Concept and Spectrum
Technology Coverage
Convergence or Divergence
Scenarios
R&D activities
Conclusion
 5G utilizes wide range of frequency bands

5G covers wide variety of use cases

and their combinations with interworks
Existing spectrum New spectrum

performance
High
Low-power
3-10GHz 10-30GHz > 30GHz
High 8K
performance Frequency

A single technology,
8K
5G which is consisted of multiple components
with consistent design basis,
Tech.
is used for whole range.
Tech. A single technology,5
Tech. Tech.
1 which is consisted
4 7
of multiple components
with consistent design basis,
is used for whole range.
A major technologyTech.and
6
Tech. complementary technologies
2 are used. technologies may be used
Different
Tech. for different use cases and different
3 frequency bands.
Low-power
 Technology
Convergence or Divergence
Global Activities
Requirements
Time Plan
Concept and Spectrum
Technology Coverage
Convergence or Divergence
Scenarios
R&D activities
Conclusion
 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s 2030s
AMPS IS-95
NMT CDMA
IS-136 2000
C-Netz 6G
Wireless WAN
RC-2000
Cellular System GSM LTE/
WCDMA/ 5G 6G
TACS TD-SCDMA LTE-A WMAN
NTT PDC 6G
PHS TRS
Technology convergence has been The convergence will 6G
Wireless MAN the trend for cellular systems . WiMAX continue for a while. ITS 6G
TETRA
Trunked radio system iDEN
WLAN
Intelligent Transport Systems 802.11p
WiFi 802.11b/a 802.11n 802.11ac 802.11ax
6G
Wireless LAN WiGig WPAN
WirelessHD
UWB WPAN
Wireless PAN IrDA
ZigBee
Z-Wave
WPAN
Bluetooth
SigFox
Low Power Wide Area Neul
LoRa
WPAN
Felica LPWA
Near field communication NFC LPWA
NTSC ATSC T-DMB LPWA
PAL DVB/T DVB/H NFC-A
ISDB-T 1Seg ISDB-Tmm
Broadcast SECAM MediaFLO NFC-B
ISDN
xDSL NFC-C
Fixed (Wired) FTTH Mobile TV1
Mobile TV2
Technology convergence is ideal, Fixed Broadband
Fixed Broadband
but divergence is likely to happen.
 5G R&D Activities

Global Activities
Requirements
Time Plan
Concept and Spectrum
Technology Coverage
Convergence or Divergence
Scenarios
R&D activities
Conclusion
 UHF bands Low SHF bands High SHF bands EHF bands
Ex. 800MHz, 2GHz 3-6GHz 6-30GHz > 30GHz

Frequency

5G Experimental Trials
in DOCOMO with
World-leading Vendors
 UHF bands Low SHF bands High SHF bands EHF bands
Ex. 800MHz, 2GHz 3-6GHz 6-30GHz > 30GHz

Frequency

NEW NEW NEW NEW NEW

13
8 Vendors
 5G Technology

LTE update
History
5G Discussions
5G Technology
Conclusion Extra topics
Evolution paths to 5G 1000x Data, true?

Technology
 Massive MIMO 5G
 Phantom cell (Macro/Small-cell)
 NOMA (Non-orthogonal Multiple Access) Potential
New Technology
 Combinations of Technologies
• Massive MIMO + Macro/Small-cell
Big gain
• New Numerology/Lean Carrier Design (New spectrum/
Higher Spectrum)
Further LTE
enhancements
Performance

Macro-assisted
small cell enhancement Rel-14/15,…
(Phantom cell)
LTE-Advanced Rel-12/13 Backward compatible
LTE Rel-10/11 enhancements
Rel-8/9

2010 2015 2020 Year

July 16, 2015 Seizo ONOE Copyright© 2015 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved 69
Future Technology 蛮力
LTE-Advanced key features
“蛮力”
“力業”
“Brute force”
Carrier aggregation This is not so smart technology.
HetNet/ Small cell This is old technology and
may become buzzword.
The combination of Carrier Aggregation and
Small Cells with C-RAN will create new
excellent features. Advanced C-RAN

July 16, 2015 Seizo ONOE Copyright© 2015 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved 70
 Advanced C-RAN Concept
Carrier-Aggregation between
Macro-cell and Small-cell, with C-RAN
• To achieve high-speed and high-capacity
Core
• To maintain connectivity via macro cells Network
EPC
• Easy deployment even with a higher frequency
• Less signaling to the core-network by reducing BBU
handover processing BBU eNodeB
BBU

LTE-A e.g. 2.1GHz

e.g. 3.5GHz RRE
Macro cell RRE LTE-A

RRE RRE RRE

Small cell RRE RRE

(Add-on cell)
Small cells LTE-A

CA CA
Macro cells LTE-A

July 16, 2015 Seizo ONOE Copyright© 2015 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved 71
 Existing spectrum New spectrum
e.g. 3-10GHz e.g. 10-30GHz e.g. > 30GHz

Frequency

A wrong story I don’t like

5G provides Higher data speed and Higher capacity.
Broader spectrum bandwidth
Higher frequency spectrum
Larger propagation loss
Shorter coverage
5G is a Hotspot system for complementary use.

Let’s tackle the challenge of achieving wide coverage

as cellular systems even with higher spectrum.
Massive MIMO and Macro/Small-cell NOMA

Massive MIMO
is about increasing
蛮力 the number of antennas. ?
力業“Brute force”
The implementation
technology is key. Macro cell
Small cell
“Feat of strength”

“an excellent feature”

The combination of
Massive MIMO and
Advanced C-RAN Enhancement (Phantom cell)
will provide adequate cell coverage even with higher frequency bands.
July 16, 2015 Seizo ONOE Copyright© 2015 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved 73
 Massive MIMO and Advanced C-RAN (Phantom Cell)
Core Network

EPC

BBU
eNodeB
BBU
BBU

e.g. <6GHz, mmW

5G e.g. 2.1GHz
LTE-A

e.g. 3.5GHz RRE

Macro cell RRE
5G

RRE RRE
RRE

Small cell RRE RRE

(Add-on cell)

Small cells 5G
CA CA
Macro cells LTE-A

July 22, 2015 Seizo ONOE Copyright© 2015 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved 74
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)

Received Throughput
BS
Received IQ constellation OFDMA NOMA
MS #1 MS #2
Throughput
• Further Cellular Enhancement
60% UP
• Non-orthogonal transmission
at Base station
Before SIC • Successive
After SIC Interference
Cancellation (SIC) at Mobile
station
July 16, 2015 Seizo ONOE Copyright© 2015 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved 78
GTI Summit 2015 Shanghai, July 15, 2015

Converged LTE toward 5G

LTE update
Future Plans
Converged LTE toward 5G
Conclusion
 Frequency
External Band E

Paired Band C Downlink

Carrier
Aggregation
Paired Band A Uplink
Carrier
Aggregation
Unpaired Band B

Unpaired Band D
Time
 Full-Duplex

Frequency
External Band E

Paired Band C Downlink

Carrier
Aggregation
Paired Band A Uplink
Carrier
Aggregation
Unpaired Band B

Unpaired Band D Full-Duplex

Time
 Conclusion

LTE update
History
5G Discussions
5G Technology
Conclusion Extra topics
 5G discussion is heated unusually, and differently from 4G
discussion ten years ago. This is good for accelerating the
standardization process, but on the other hand, negative opinions
may frustrate its progress.

 5G will be launched in 2020 in an advanced market and then it will

penetrate to the global market. 5G will continue to evolve after its
launch in the same way that 4G LTE continues to evolve to LTE-
Advanced and further enhancements.

 No single 5G technology today, but a new technology will be

created by combination of technologies; Massive MIMO, Advanced
C-RAN, NOMA and so on.
 5G covers a wide variety of use cases and wide range of frequency
bands. It is a big challenge to meet both requirements for
extremely low power consumption and extremely high speed by a
single 5G system.
DOCOMO targets 5G launch in 2020.
We are communicating with standards people so that
the specifications be released by the end of 2018.
We expect collaboration with another advanced
market South Korea trying 5G trial at Winter
Olympics in 2018.
July 22, 2015 Seizo ONOE Copyright© 2015 NTT DOCOMO, Inc. All rights reserved 87