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ltiswell knownthatthepmcessfromfreeflowtotrafficjamis
AArbnd-ln this paper, we present P new method to evalurate continuous. Therefore, we define a new index, level of
congestion from trafiic flow information based on fuzzy logic. congestion (LOC), indicating the congestion extent of traffic
Level of congution is considered as a continuous variable from flow. It is a continuous number and should much fit human
free flow to traffic jam. After a simulation. we uscd adaptive perception on congestion. LOC is related to the basic traffic
ncuro-fuzzy inference system and trained a series of fuzzy logic parameters such as velocity and density by a fuzzy inference
rules. to estimate the congestion. As a result, general perception system. This paper will show the rationality of the inference
ofjudging congestion is recovered by tk fuzzy system with bnsic model.
traflie parameters.
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where v,-, and vlw2 are mean velocity of two lanes, d,, and
d,, are density of two lanes, vu and d., are the maximum of
mean velocity and density in the whole simulation.
The maximum of mean velocity vmu in the whole simulation is
considered as the largest free flow velocity reachable on an
and mad3 are ugged bctwccn 2 detectors urban highway. This demands that simulation time is long
enough. Our 2-hour-simulation meets the need.
TABLE I The maximum of road density d., in the whole simulation is
TABLEOF ROAD I 'SCONCESTION EVALUATtON(O.0-10.0) considered as the largest traffic density that can be burdened on
Time Period LCC LOC an urban highway.
(First time) (Second time) Evaluations ofthe congestion range from 0.00 to 10.00. They
-3 16:00:30
will be divided by IO so as to be suitable for a fuzzy system
between 0.0 and 1.0. The results are output data of our fuzzy
inference system.
every 30 seconds' video of traffic flow. During the 4 seconds'
idle clip. write down the evaluation into a table (Table I). The npd iuhll n* atalml d*
evaluation is a number between 0 and IO, in which. 0 means free
flow while 10 means serious traffic jam. Such evaluations ofeach
30 seconds correspond with traffic datacollected per30 seconds
in the formersimulation. Each road will beevaluated twice by one
-
person. Final degree of congestion is mean value of all the
results. 4
.i. Doloprocess
We design a fuzzy inference system with two input variables Fig.3. 9 mles in the fuzzy infcrencc syrrcm
and one output variable (Fig. 2). In the system. inputs are mean
~ 1 0 c i t ofvehicles
y and roaddensitydetected.and theourput is
lwei of congestion ( L O O In order to adapt the requirement of B. ,Model m i n i n g
hay system. data will be pre-processed firstly. Our goal is to train the fuzzy inference system according to the
known input and output data. Here, w e select Sugeno model as
our fuzzy model. Every input variable has 3 membership
functions. and the output variable is the type of constant.
D
.
n 17 Therefore. there are 9 rules in this system (Fig.3). Initial
membership functions (Fig.4 (a. b)) are same ones randomly
E+
mea "dmilr UIC
generated, and the initial outputs are set to be zeros. After
training, the membership function and rules will be improved.
Matlab tool box" anfis" (adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system)
is used here for the system training.
Fig. 2. Structure of furzy infercncc rysicm: Consisting o f 2 inpun
(density. mean velocity). I output (LOC)and a series ofruler.
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Fig. 4. Mcmbcrrhip functions (m.f.) before and after training: la) initial
m.f. ofmcsn velocity. (b) initial m.f ofdcnsity. I C ) traincd m.f. ofmcan
wlocit?. Id) mincd m.f. ofdcnriry.
0.5
\', RESULTS
0.4
0 0.5 1 0 0.5 1
After 40 epochs, mean error is below 0.1. which is normally Densily mean-velocity
acceptable. Fig.4 (c) and (d) show the trained membership
(b) (C)
function results. Fig. 5. Relationship bctwcen inputs and output: (a) 3-D rysrem rurfacc.
After training, rules in our fuzzy inference syslem are much (b) LOC-Dcnrity cuwc whcn mcan vclociry is 0.49. (cl LOC-mcan
improved. as shown bclow. ~ c l o c i l yEWYC whcn dcnriiy is 0.52.
VII. CONCLUSION
.. .
In this paper, we define a new index named LOC (level of
congestion) to evaluate traffic congestion. It is a continuous
variable to express the situation from free flow to traffic jam, by
which, travelers or trafic managen will get more direct
information, which is much adapted to their sensory evaluation.
LOC based on fuzzy logic can be given from a fuzzy inference
system by inputting mean velocity and density. We analyzed the
52
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system and showed that the system is of rationality due to its
coherence with human perception.
Perception of congestion may be also influenced by some
other micro parameters. e.g., the acceleration. frequency of
changing lane, which will be studied further in the future.
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