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Preliminary notes
Regulation EN1591: “Flanges and their joints – Design rules for gasketed
circular flange connections (07/01/2003)” is the European reference law on the
specific topic.
EN1591 sets leakage rates and mechanical resistance criteria for flanged
connections.
The behavior of the complete flanges-gasket-bolt system is considered both in
assembly and working conditions.
The calculation is based on the elastic analysis of the load/deformation
relationships among every part of the flanged junction, corrected by the
possible plastic behavior of the gasket.
EN 1591 Parameters
• Fluid pressure
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Procedure comparison
CALCULATION METHODS
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Taylor - Forge Method
The force applied by the bolting remains
constant at all steps of service Σ shell
F
P
Σ int. gasket
Σ shell
F
Disegno 1 Disegno 2 F
P The load imposed on the gasket is
the required one to provide seating
gasket
Slide 4 alto a sinistra Slide 4 alto a destra
Ø
sH
is
F
ing
Tangential stress
sR
sp. g.ne
sT
Slide 4 alto a destra
Longitudinal hub stress
sH Resisting section
Pic. 1
Radial stress
Tangential stress
sR
sT
Pagina 3 Fig.1
Øint f
Resisting section Radial stress
Allowable stress
ntial stress
CEN Cons
Pic. 2 F
The admissibility of the
assembly is determined
the bolting remains
of service Σ shell
F
by the flange stress 1.0E-01
Slide
P 4 basso a destra values (Pic. 1), by the bolt QSmin (L0.01)
Gasket Leak (mbar l/ms)
1.0E-02
section (Pic. 2) and by
Σ int. gasket
the gasket pressure value
CEN Constants definition - Leak vs Sg Idealized Graph
1.0E-03
(m;Y) (Pic. 3).
For 3 Loading and unloading cycles
Pic. 3 The evolution of the 1.0E-04
The load imposed on the gasket is
F Q (L0.1) minreaction can’t be known.
the required one to provide seating
1.0E-01
® 1.0E-05
QSmin (L0.01)
sinistra Slide 4 alto a destra ® Repair Advisors a
Qmin (L0.01) ® division
4 EN1591 Method
ar l/ms)
1.0E-02 1.0E-06
® ®
Qmin (L0.001) ®
1.0E-03 1.0E-07
of forces of deformations
SII BII
P Axisymmetric
model
Laws
F
EN1591 Method S
SI BI
B of rheology
Ba
Sa
Balance Balance
of forces of deformations SII BII
Slide 5 alto a sinistra Slide 5 alto a destra
P Axisymmetric
model
SI BI
Ba
Sa
Balance Balance Øm
of forces of deformations
SII
P
Bilanciamento
B
delle deformazioni
II
Axisymmetric
model Slide 5 alto a sinistra Ønocci
Deformation balance
tra between
Laws
of rheology
Z
S B
Sa
SI BI
SII BII
Ba
Disegno 1
s
Disegno 2
Pic. 1
S B
tra
Øint g.ne
Slide 5 alto a sinistra Slide 5 alto a destra
Longitudinal hub stress
sH
Z
Øesterno
Z
Slide 5 basso a sinistra Slide 5 basso
Ømedio a destra
Øesterno
Tangential stress
sR
Bilanciamento delle deformazioni
sp. g.ne
sT Ømedio
Øint flangia
Øext g.ne
CEN Constants definition - Leak vs Sg Idealized Graph
Øint g.ne For 3 Loading and unloading cycles
Qmin (L0.1)
Slide 5 basso a sinistra
1.0E-01 Slide 5 basso a destra
QSmin (L0.01)
Qmin (L0.01)
The behavior of the
Gasket Leak (mbar l/ms)
assembly is determined
1.0E-02
Qmin (L0.001)
sp. g.ne
by the leak-tightness
1.0E-03
Qmin (L0.0001)
Qmin (L0.00001)
Qmin (L0.1)
Pagina 4 Fig.3 operative conditions (Qmin
1.0E-01
QSmin (L0.01)
Qmin (L0.01) (L), Qmax, QA, EG) (Pic. 3)
Gasket Leak (mbar l/ms)
1.0E-02
® Qmin (L0.001)
1.0E-03
1.0E-06
Qmin (L0.000001)
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EN1591 Method
Calculation example
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Flanged connections control check
Condition Source Description
ok Flange 1 (bF = 50,16 / eF = 18,20) ok = 2,76 >= 0,2
ok Flange 1 (bF = 50,16 / eF = 18,20) = 2,76 <= 5,0
ok Flange 1 cos(φS) = 0,87 >= 1/(1+0,01*ds/es) = 0,66
ok Flange 2 (bF = 50,16 / eF = 18,20) = 2,76 >= 0,2
ok Flange 2 (bF = 50,16 / eF = 18,20) = 2,76 <= 5,0
ok Flange 2 cos(φS) = 0,87 >= 1/(1+0,01*ds/es) = 0,66
ok assembly condition / Bolts FB0min = 267.026,00 >= FB0req = 35.221,80
ok assembly condition / Bolts FB0req = 35.221,80 <= FB0max = 433.786,00
ok assembly condition / Gasket ΦG = 0,05 <= 1
wrong assembly condition / Bolts ΦB = 2,25 <= 1.0
ok assembly condition / Bolts FB0nom = 359.671,00 >= FB0req / (1 - ε)
ok assembly condition / Joint FG0req = 35.221,80 >= FG0min = 35.221,80
ok assembly condition / Flange 1 Ψmax = 0,09 < -1 or Ψmin = -0,09 > 1
ok assembly condition / Flange 2 Ψmax = 0,09 < -1 or Ψmin = -0,09 > 1
ok assembly condition / Flange 1 cM = 1,15 < 0
ok assembly condition / Flange 2 cM = 1,15 < 0
wrong assembly condition / Flange 1 eF = 18,20 >= eFminA1 = 23,06
wrong assembly condition / Flange 2 eF = 18,20 >= eFminA1 = 23,06
ok assembly condition / Flange 1 ΦF = 0,88 <= Φmax = 1,00
Calculation report
Excerpt of a calculation report
Name Value Unit Description
cS+’’ 0,79 -- (π/4)*(sqrt(1-0.75*(0.5*δQ+δR^2))+jS*(0.5*δR-0.75*δQ))
cS-’’ 0,79 -- (π/4)*(sqrt(1-0.75*(0.5*δQ+δR^2))-jS*(0.5*δR-0.75*δQ))
hG0’ 12,04 -- (d3e-dGe)/2
hG0’’ 12,04 -- (d3e-dGe)/2
ΘFmaxE1’ 0,01 deg (ZF/EF)*{FG*hG+FQ*(hH-hP+hQ)+FR*(hH+hR)}
ΘFmaxE1’’ 0,01 deg (ZF/EF)*{FG*hG+FQ*(hH-hP+hQ)+FR*(hH+hR)}
ΘFminE1’ 0,01 deg (ZF/EF)*{FG*hG+FQ*(hH-hP+hQ)+FR*(hH+hR)}
ΘFminE1’’ 0,01 deg (ZF/EF)*{FG*hG+FQ*(hH-hP+hQ)+FR*(hH+hR)}
FB0req 35,22 kN (53) = FG0req+FR0
Mtnom 221,21 Nm (D.1) = kB*FB0nom/nB
MtBnom 113,23 Nm (D.8) = Mt.Bnom*(1+ε)
MtBmax 136,56 Nm Mt.Bnom*(1+ε)
eFminA1’ 23,06 mm pB*(((EGm*bGe)/(Ef*eG))*(pB/bF)*Sqrt(1-(ΦG0A1*bGt/bGe)^2)/10)^1/3
eFminA1’’ 23,06 mm pB*(((EGm*bGe)/(Ef*eG))*(pB/bF)*Sqrt(1-(ΦG0A1*bGt/bGe)^2)/10)^1/3
ΦF’ 0,88 -- |FG*hG+FQ*(hH-hP)+FR*hH|/WF =
ΦF’’ 0,88 -- |FG*hG+FQ*(hH-hP)+FR*hH|/WF =
jM’ 1 -- sign{FG*hG+FQ*(hH-hP)+FR*hH}
jM’’ 1 -- sign{FG*hG+FQ*(hH-hP)+FR*hH}
kM’ 1 -- --
kM’’ 1 -- --
Ψopt’ 1 -- jM*(2*(eP/eF)-1)
Ψopt’’ 1 -- jM*(2*(eP/eF)-1)
Ψ0’ 0 -- ((fE*dE*eD*cos(φS))/(fF*2*bF*eF))*{(0.5*δQ+δR)+tan(φS)-δQ*2*(eP/dE)}
Ψ0’’ 0 -- ((fE*dE*eD*cos(φS))/(fF*2*bF*eF))*{(0.5*δQ+δR)+tan(φS)-δQ*2*(eP/dE)}
Ψmax’ 0,09 -- Ψmax=((fE*dE*eD*cos(φS))/(fF*2*bF*eF)) *{(0.5*δQ+δR)+tan(S)-φQ*2*(eP/dE)+1*1*sqrt((eD*cM*cS*(1+1*1))/(dE*cos[3](δS))
Ψmax’’ 0,09 -- Ψmax=((fE*dE*eD*cos(φS))/(fF*2*bF*eF)) *{(0.5*δQ+δR)+tan(S)-φQ*2*(eP/dE)+1*1*sqrt((eD*cM*cS*(1+1*1))/(dE*cos[3](δS))
Ψmin’ -0,09 -- Ψ*min=((fE*dE*eD*cos(φS))/(fF*2*bF*eF))*{(0.5*δQ+δR)+tan(φS)-Q*2*(eP/dE)-1*1*sqrt((eD*cM*cS*(1-1*-1))/(dE*cos[3](δS)))
Ψmin’’ -0,09 -- Ψ*min=((fE*dE*eD*cos(φS))/(fF*2*bF*eF))*{(0.5*δQ+δR)+tan(φS)-Q*2*(eP/dE)-1*1*sqrt((eD*cM*cS*(1-1*-1))/(dE*cos[3](δS)))
ΨZ’ 0,09 -- --
ΨZ’’ 0,09 -- --
WF’ 5959,11 Nm (π/4)*{fF*2*bF*eF^2*(1+2*Ψopt*Ψz-Ψz^2)+fE*dE*eD^2*cM*jM*kM)
WF’’ 5959,11 Nm (π/4)*{fF*2*bF*eF^2*(1+2*Ψopt*Ψz-Ψz^2)+fE*dE*eD^2*cM*jM*kM)
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EN1591 Method
Resistance criteria
SEATiNG CRiTERiA
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BOLT STRENGTh CRiTERiA
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EN1591 Method
Tightening recommendation
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Bolt tightening
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® EN1591 Method
® EN1591
THE ASSEMBLY BEHAvIoR DuRING ITS LIFETIME IS ANALYZED.
THE RECoMMENDED TIGHTENING IS DEFINED ACCoRDING To LEAkAGE RATE
EN1591-1 EN1591-2
DESIGN RuLES FoR GASkETED CIRCuLAR GASkET PARAMETERS
FLANGE CoNNECTIoNS
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• Specific tests
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