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PART-A
1. Define periodic breathing.
Periodic breathing refers to the cyclic modulation of respiration that occurs over the
time-scale of several breaths. It does not commonly occur in normal during
wakefulness; however, its frequency of incidence increases dramatically during ascent
to altitude as well as during sleep onset.
7. What is thermoregulation?
Human body temperature normally is maintained at a set point of just under 37°C.
This is called thermoregulation. We have a control system that functions rather like
thermostat that maintains temperature in a room or house. Our body’s control system
requires a receptor, which measures the variable; a control center, which activates the
negative feedback changes; and effectors, which bring about the changes. There is a
temperature receptor in the hypothalamus of the brain, and it is linked to a
hypothalamic thermostat (Control center) which controls body response (effectors)
ranging from sweating to shivering.
8. Define Hormones.
Hormones are chemical substances that affect the activity of another part of the body.
In essence hormones serve as messengers, controlling and coordinating activities
throughout the body. It controls the function of entire organs.