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A comparison between dynamic power losses with resistive or inductive loads is sketched in
the figure below, where the instantaneous power dissipation for the two cases are plotted
during a turn-on phase of 200 ns, for the case of IMAX = 10 A, VMAX = 10V: for the case of
inductive load, the average power dissipation PDd is more than three times larger than for the
resistive load.
120
I
100
Power dissipation, W
IMAX
80
60 resistive load
inductive load
40
20
VMAX V
0
Operation point movement during turn-on (the
0 100 200 ns
0 5 10 15 opposite path is true for turn-off)
Even in that case, the switching power can be handled by the device, provided that IMAX
and VMAX are contained in the device ratings, because the operation point will move
along the limits of the square SOA assumed for the fast switching times.
IC IC
IL ID
VCE VCE
IL
In the above schematic the R2-C2-D2 network is
the turn-off snubber, while the R1-L1-D1 network
is the turn-on snubber; these circuits are inserted
in a basic MOS switching circuit made by the
inductance L and recirculating diode D.
t t t
University Federico II Paolo Spirito 5
Dept of Electronics and Telecommunications Power Devices and Circuits 2012
In steady-state operation one must recall that the
charge stored in the capacitance C2 during turn-off
must be eliminated during the following turn-on of the
MOS.
On the other hand, larger values of the resistance will increase the discharge time of C2,
and then the total turn-on time will be increased. For shorted Ton times and large R2
values it could happen than C2 can not completely discharge before the next turn-off.
A good choice is to choose an R2 value that will give a peak current into the MOS during
discharge lower than the peak current given by the reverse recovery of the main flyback
diode D. Assuming the increase of drain current ΔID = VDD/R2 < IRR, a rough value can be
assumed for R2 as: R2 > VDD/IRR
University Federico II Paolo Spirito 6
Dept of Electronics and Telecommunications Power Devices and Circuits 2012
50
R2 = 5 ohm
PD tot As an example of the effect of C2 values on the
dynamic power dissipation of the MOS using
40
turn-off snubber is reported in this graphic.
PD ton Here the Pd losses both in turn-on and in turn-
30 off, and the total losses of the MOS are
reported for different C2 values, for the turn-off
20
snubber circuit indicated before, with VDD =
PD toff 100V, and a current IL of 10A.
A FR diode is used , with Irr = 20 A, so the R2
10
value chosen is 5 ohm.
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 C2 pF 5000
One can note that, when the C2 value is
increased, the turn-off losses will decrease, but
the turn-on losses will increase, because the
energy stored in C2 during turn-off will be
released to the MOS during turn-on.
Then the ratio between turn-on and turn-off
losses will wary if C2 is varied, while the total
losses remain constant.
The voltage reduction on the MOS during the current rise is due
to the voltage drop across the inductance L1 that will subtract a
part of the VDD voltage from the drain voltage of the MOS during
turn-on.
The slower current rise due to the snubber network will also
contribute to a decrease of the reverse current of the flyback
diode D during the reverse recovery, and then it will limit the
ID overcurrent across the switching device (MOS in this case), if
the L1 is chosen large enough to limit the current rate of rise.
IL
The energy stored in the snubber inductance L1 during turn-on
must be discharged into the resistance R1 and diode D1 during
turn-off, and this release should be done in a time lower than the
Toff, to allow energy storage at the following turn-on.
VDD VDS
University Federico II Paolo Spirito 8
Dept of Electronics and Telecommunications Power Devices and Circuits 2012
The effect of the value of L1 on the turn-on snubber can be sketched in these plots.
The linear rise of the current will give a constant voltage drop across the inductance L1 of the
snubber, that will be subtracted to the supply voltage VDD .
If L1 is small, the voltage drop is small, and the voltage across the device is still large. The turn-
on will be faster, but the power losses on the device are quite large.
When the value of L1 increases, the voltage drop atross it will increase, and the current rise is
slowerd. The turn-on is slowered but the power losses on the device are reduced.
To reduce the overcurrent due to the reverse recovery of the diode D, the inductance L1 must be
increased largely, to slow down the rate of rise of the current, and reduce the reverse current Irr
ID ID
t t t
University Federico II Paolo Spirito 9
Dept of Electronics and Telecommunications Power Devices and Circuits 2012
As an example of the effect of L1 values on the dynamic power dissipation of the MOS using a
turn-on snubber is reported in this graphic.
Here the dynamic Pd losses either in turn-on or in turn-off, and the total losses of the MOS are
reported for different L1 values, for the turn-on snubber circuit indicated before, with VDD = 100V,
and a current IL in the inductance L of 10A. A FR diode is used , with Irr = 20 A.
50