HISTORY

STD 8

AGENCIES OF THE UNITED NATIONS

1) Give the full form of UNICEF. When was it established?

ANS: The United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund.

It was created by the U.N General Assembly during its first session in 1946 to help
the emergency needs of children in post-war Europe. It is governed by a
36-member executive board.

2) Where is the Headquarter of UNICEF located?

ANS: The Headquarters of the UNICEF is located in New York.

3) How does the UNICEF arrange for its Finance?

ANS: The UNICEF depends on voluntary contribution made by different Governments,

donations by private agencies, sale of greeting cards and through various fund –
raising campaigns. Sale of UNICEF cards is an important source of income.

4) What is the main objective of UNICEF?

ANS: The main objective of UNICEF is to look after children’s welfare especially in
developing countries by providing people with low cost community – based services
in maternal and child health, nutrition and immunization, etc.

5) Give the main functions of the UNICEF.

ANS: a) UNICEF works for the protection of children in respect of their survival, health and
well – being.
b) Provides funds for training the personnel (health, sanitation, teachers and nutritionists.
Child immunization against preventable disease by 1990 was one of the leading goals of
UNICEF.
c) It provides technical supplies, equipment and other aids ranging from papers for textbooks
to clean drinking water.
d) It assists governments to plan, develop and extend community – based services.
e) It provides help to children and mothers in emergencies.
f) It makes efforts to prevent disease like T.B, Malaria, etc.
g) As a sole agency for children it speaks on behalf of children and upholds the convention
on the rights of the child and works for its implementation.

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 6) Which day is celebrated as the World Health Day every year?

ANS: April 7th is celebrated as the World Health Day every year.

7) What has been the objective of the WHO?

ANS: The objective of the WHO is the attainment by all people of the highest possible level
of Health.

8) Where are the Headquarters of the WHO?

ANS: The Headquarters of the WHO are at Geneva in Switzerland.

9) Mention the functions of the WHO?

ANS: The following are the functions of the WHO:

- It helps countries to improve their health system by building up infrastructure

especially manpower, institutions and services for the individual and community.
- It gives important drugs needed for medical care.
- It promotes research to cure and prevent disease.
- It works towards providing safe drinking water and adequate water disposal.
- It organises conferences, seminars and training for health-care from different
countries.
- It aims at fighting diseases and preventing them from spreading.
- It defines standards for the strength and purity of medicines including biological
products.
- It makes special efforts in combating diseases which are known as infant killers.
- It publishes health journals to create health awareness.

10) When was the UNESCO established?

ANS: The UNESCO was established on 4th November 1946.

11) What is the main objective of UNESCO?

ANS: The main objective of the UNESCO is to contribute to peace and security in the world
by promoting collaboration among nations through education, science, culture and
communication.

12) Where is the Headquarters of UNESCO located?

ANS: The Headquarters of UNESCO is located at Paris

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13) With reference to UNESCO, answer the following questions.

a) How is the development of Education, Science and Communication related to Peace?

ANS: EDUCATION
a. The largest sector of UNESCO is in the field of education.
b. Removal of illiteracy through adult education, open schools and distance – education.
c. Emphasis on women and girl education.
d. Financial assistance for the education of disabled children.
e. Provision of grants and fellowships to teachers and scholars.
f. Organisation of book fairs and festivals, development of library.
g. Encouragement of science education by providing regional training centres.
h. Promotion of education as an instrument for international understanding.

SCIENCE:
a. It organizes seminars, conferences of scientists and circulates information through journals,
exhibitions and press.
b. Promotes basic research and finances engineering and technology schemes.
c. Helps in correcting imbalance in scientific and technological manpower.
d. It also encourages the study of social sciences.

COMMUNICATION:

a. It has set up regional networks, trained technicians and deals with both hardware and
software aspects of information.
b. It improves the quality of the press, films and video services.
c. It assists developing countries to develop communication.
d. It upholds the freedom of the press and the media.

14) What efforts have been made by the UNESCO to preserve cultural heritage?

ANS: It encourages modernization without the loss of cultural identity and diversity.

a. UNESCO provides technical advice and assistance, equipment and funds for
preservation of monuments and others.
b. It aims to protect the world inheritance of books, works of art and rare
manuscript.
c. It encourages artistic creation in literature and fine arts.
d. It pays attention towards the cultural developments.
e. It sends cultural missions to different countries.