RATAN TATA
Ratan Tata is presently the Chairman of Tata Sons, the holding company of the Tata
Group. Ratan Naval Tata is also the Chairman of the major Tata companies such as
Tata Steel, Tata Motors, Tata Power, Tata Consultancy Services, Tata Tea, Tata
Chemicals, Indian Hotels and Tata Teleservices. He has taken Tata Group to new
heights and under his leadership Group's revenues have grown manifold.
Ratan Tata became the Chairman of the Tata Group in 1981 after serving as Chairman
in charge of the Nelco division of the group. Tata is India's largest conglomerate and
includes the brands Tata Motors, Tata Steel, Tata Power, Indian Hotels, as well as other
brands labeled under the Tata name.
Ratan Tata was born on December 28, 1937 in Mumbai, India in one of the richest
families in the country. His great grandfather, Jamsedji Tata, was the founder of the
Tata group and passed the power and inheritance down to his family. Ratan Tata grew
up in a broken household, however, after his parents split in the mid-1940s and he and
his brother were raised by their grandmother, Lady Navajbai.
Tata was a good student and studied hard at the Campion School in Mumbai followed
by studies in architecture and structural engineering at Cornell University. He graduated
with his bachelors degree in 1962 and joined the Tata Group in December of that same
year. Tata's first job with the Group involved working with the Tata Steel division where
he worked with the blue-collar employees shoveling stone and working with the
furnaces.
Although this original job was physically difficult, it helped Ratan Tata gain a better
understanding and appreciation for the business and he gradually began taking on more
responsibility. In 1971, Tata became Director-in-Charge of the National Radio &
Electronics Company Limited (Nelco) in order to help its struggling finances. Ratan Tata
helped build a better consumer electronics division but the economic recession and
union strikes prevented his vision from taking hold.
Tata was eventually moved to Empress Mills in 1977, a struggling textile mill within the
Tata Group. Ratan Tata renewed the vision for the mill but the larger Tata Group was
not in agreement with his advice. Instead, the mill was shut down and liquidated in
1986, to Tata's disappointment, and he was moved to the Tata Industries, another
holding company.
With Tata Industries, Ratan Tata was able to transform the management and vision of
the division and bring in significantly larger dividends. This renewed financial success
helped bring the Tata Group to the New York Stock Exchange and gave the company
even more international power and prestige. Ratan Tata continued to acquire different
industries for the Tata Group, eventually purchasing the steel an aluminum producer,
Corus Group as well as Jaguar and Land Rover brands from the Ford Company.
Ratan Tata was honored with Padma Bhushan, one of the highest civilian awards in
2000. He was also conferred an honorary doctorate in business administration by Ohio
State University, an honorary doctorate in technology by the Asian Institute of
Technology, Bangkok, and an honorary doctorate in science by the University of
Warwick.
MAHATMA GANDHI
Mahatma Gandhi popularly known as Father of Nation played a stellar role in India's
freedom struggle. Born in a Bania family in Kathiawar, Gujarat, his real name was
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (M.K. Gandhi). The title Mahatma came to be
associated with his name much later. Before Gandhiji's arrival on the Indian political
scene, freedom struggle was limited only to the intelligentsia. Mahatma Gandhi's main
contribution lay in the fact that he bridged the gulf between the intelligentsia and the
masses and widened the concept of Swaraj to include almost every aspect of social and
moral regeneration. Paying tribute to Mahatma Gandhi on his death, famous scientist
Albert Einstein said, "Generations to come will scarce believe that such a man as this
walked the earth in flesh and blood".
Gandhiji was truthful in his conduct right from the childhood. There is a very famous
incident in this regard. A British school inspector once came to Gandhiji's school and set
a spelling test. Gandhiji spelled all the words correctly except kettle. The class teacher
noticed the mistake and gestured Gandhiji to copy the correct spelling from the boy
sitting next to him. Gandhiji refused to take the hint and was later scolded for his
"stupidity".
Gandhiji was married at the age of thirteen to Kasturbai. He was in high school at that
time. Later on in his life, Gandhiji denounced the custom of child marriage and termed it
as cruel. After matriculating from the high school, Gandhiji joined the Samaldas College
in Bhavnagar. After the death of Gandhiji's father in 1885, a family suggested that if
Gandhiji hoped to take his father's place in the state service he had better become a
barrister which he could do in England in three years. Gandhi welcomed the idea but his
mother was objected to the idea of going abroad. To win his mother's approval Gandhiji
took a solemn vow not to touch wine, women and meat and remained true to it
throughout his stay in England.
Gandhiji sailed for England on September 4, 1888. Initially he had difficulty in adjusting
to English customs and weather but soon he overcame it. Gandhiji completed his Law
degree in 1891 and returned to India. He decided to set up legal practice in Bombay but
couldn't establish himself. Gandhiji returned to Rajkot but here also he could not make
much headway. At this time Gandhiji received an offer from Dada Abdulla & Co. to
proceed to South Africa on their behalf to instruct their counsel in a lawsuit. Gandhiji
jumped at the idea and sailed for South Africa in April 1893.
It was in South Africa that Gandhiji's transformation from Mohandas to Mahatma took
place. Gandhiji landed at Durban and soon he realized the oppressive atmosphere of
racial snobbishness against Indians who were settled in South Africa in large numbers.
After about a week's stay in Durban Gandhiji left for Pretoria, the capital of the
Transvaal, in connection with a lawsuit. When the train reached Pietermaritzburg, the
capital of Natal, at about 9 p.m. a white passenger who boarded the train objected to
the presence of a "coloured" man in the compartment and Gandhji was ordered by a
railway official to shift to a third class. When he refused to do so, a constable pushed
him out and his luggage was taken away by the railway authorities. It was winter and
bitterly cold. This incident changed Gandhiji's life forever. He decided to fight for the
rights of Indians. Gandhiji organised the Indian community in South Africa and asked
them to forget all distinctions of religion and caste. He suggested the formation of an
association to look after the Indian settlers and offered his free time and services.
During his stay in South Africa, Gandhiji's life underwent a change and he developed
most of his political ideas. Gandhiji decided to dedicate himself completely to the
service of humanity. He realized that absolute continence or brahmacharya was
indispensable for the purpose as one could not live both after the flesh and the spirit. In
1906, Gandhiji took a vow of absolute continence. In the course of his struggle in South
Africa, Gandhiji, developed the concepts of Ahimsa (non-violence) and Satyagraha
(holding fast to truth or firmness in a righteous cause). Gandhiji's struggle bore fruit and
in 1914 in an agreement between Gandhiji and South African Government, the main
Indian demands were conceded.
Gandhiji returned to India in 1915 and on the advice of his political guru Gopal Krishna
Gokhale, spent the first year touring throughout the country to know the real India. After
an year of wandering, Gandhiji settled down on the bank of the river Sabarmati, on the
outskirts of Ahmedabad, where he founded an ashram called Satyagraha Ashram.
Gandhiji's first satyagraha in India was in Champaran, in Bihar, where he went in 1917
at the request of a poor peasants to inquire into the grievances of the much exploited
peasants of that district, who were compelled by British indigo planters to grow indigo
on 15 percent of their land and part with the whole crop for rent. Gandhiji's Satyagraha
forced British government to set up a inquiry into the condition of tenant farmers. The
report of the committee of which Gandhi was a member went in favour of the tenant
farmers. The success of his first experiment in satyagraha in India greatly enhanced
Gandhiji's reputation in the country.
In 1921, Gandhji gave the call for Non-cooperation movement against the ills of British
rule. Gandhiji's call roused the sleeping nation. Many Indians renounced their titles and
honours, lawyers gave up their practice, and students left colleges and schools. Non-
cooperation movement also brought women into the domain of freedom struggle for the
first time. Non-cooperation movement severely jolted the British government. But the
movement ended in an anti-climax in February 1922. An outbreak of mob violence in
Chauri Chaura so shocked and pained Gandhi that he refused to continue the campaign
and undertook a fast for five days to atone for a crime committed by others in a state of
mob hysteria.
Gandhiji was sentenced to six years imprisonment but was released in 1924 on medical
grounds. For the next five years Gandhi seemingly retired from active agitational politics
and devoted himself to the propagation of what he regarded as the basic national
needs, namely, Hindu-Muslim unity, removal of untouchability, equality of women,
popularization of hand-spinning and the reconstruction of village economy.
On March 12, 1930 Gandhiji started the historic Dandi March to break the law which
had deprived the poor man of his right to make his own salt. On April 6, 1930 Gandhiji
broke the Salt law at the sea beach at Dandi. This simple act was immediately followed
by a nation-wide defiance of the law. This movement galvanized the whole nation and
came to be known as "Civil Disobedience Movement". Within a few weeks about a
hundred thousand men and women were in jail, throwing mighty machinery of the
British Government out of gear. This forced the then Viceroy Lord Irwin to call Gandhiji
for talks. On March 5, 1931 Gandhi Irwin Pact was signed. Soon after signing the pact
Gandhiji went to England to attend the First Round Table Conference. Soon after his
return from England Gandhiji was arrested without trial.
After the outbreak of Second World War in 1939, Gandhiji again became active in the
political arena. British Government wanted India's help in the war and Congress in
return wanted a clear-cut promise of independence from British government. But British
government dithered in its response and on August 8, 1942 Gandhiji gave the call for
Quit India Movement. Soon the British Government arrested Gandhiji and other top
leaders of Congress. Disorders broke out immediately all over India and many violent
demonstrations took place. While Gandhiji was in jail his wife Kasturbai passed away.
Gandhiji too had a severe attack of Malaria. In view of his deteriorating health he was
released from the jail in May 1944.
Second World War ended in 1945 and Britain emerged victorious. In the general
elections held in Britain in 1945, Labour Party came to power, and Atlee became the
Prime Minister. He promised an early realization of self Government in India. A Cabinet
Mission arrived from England to discuss with Indian leaders the future shape of a free
and united India, but failed to bring the Congress and Muslims together. India attained
independence but Jinnah's intransigence resulted in the partition of the country.
Communal riots between Hindus and Muslims broke out in the country in the aftermath
of partition. Tales of atrocities on Hindus in Pakistan provoked Hindus in India and they
targeted Muslims. Gandhiji worked ceaselessly to promote unity between Hindus and
Muslims. This angered some Hindu fundamentalists and on January 30, 1948 Gandhiji
was shot dead by one such fundamentalist Nathu Ram Godse while he was going for
his evening prayers. The last words on the lips of Gandhiji were Hey Ram.
MK Gandhi readily showed compassion and caring for others, but he shared his internal
intuitions only with those he trusted. Because he kept his most valued, important part
private, others found him difficult to know. Whenever he communicated, his internal
sense of "knowing," was often expressed, metaphorically and with complexity. He
especially valued authenticity and commitment in relationships.
- Linked values, ideas, people, and action to make collaborative plan of action
- Saw human potential and opportunities for growth of self and others
He developed complex, creative pictures to understand the present and envision the
future. He organized his external live to support his personal values and focus on
recognizing and supporting the needs of others. Change stimulated him to develop and
apply his inner vision of possibilities to create positive benefits for people.
- Energetically take initiative to realize his goals; lead and expect others to follow
He is logical and decisive. He loves to analyze systems and devise better ways to
achieve goals.
He responds energetically to the need for change. He is quick to analyze what is going
on and what needs to be done to achieve goals. He then acts forcefully to implement his
ideas. He readily design systems and feel comfortable once he has developed a clear
plan.
ANSWER 3
PepsiCo entered India in 1989 and has grown to become one of the country’s leading
food and beverage companies. One of the largest multinational investors in the country,
PepsiCo has established a business which aims to serve the long term dynamic needs
of consumers in India.
PepsiCo in India nourishes consumers with an extensive range of products from treats
to healthy eats. In India a number of iconic brands are from PepsiCo’s kitty. Some of the
brands from expansive list include Pepsi, Mountain Dew, 7Up, Mirinda, Aquafina,
Tropicana, Lay’s, Uncle Chips, Kurkure, Lehar, Quaker Oats, etc.
PepsiCo’s business is based on its sustainability vision of making tomorrow better than
today. PepsiCo’s commitment to living by this vision every day is visible in its
contribution to the country, consumers and farmers. To deliver on this commitment,
PepsiCo India focuses on the following 4 critical areas that have a business link and
where it has the maximum impact.
REPLENISHING WATER
PepsiCo India's primary focus in its beverage and snacks plants has been on
conserving water at each stage of the manufacturing process. PepsiCo India
continues to replenish water and aims to achieve positive water balance by
2009 end, which means it is committed to saving and recharging more water than
it uses in its beverage plants.
PepsiCo was a pioneer in the concept of contract farming under which the
company transfers agricultural best practices and technology and procures the
produce at a guaranteed price. To support the initiative, PepsiCo set up a 27-
acre research and demonstration farm in Punjab to conduct farm trials of new
varieties of tomato, potato and other crops.
The programme, which includes seed production, has successfully evaluated the
following crops:
• several varieties of basmati rice more than 200 varieties and hybrids of
chilli
• 25 varieties and hybrids of corn
• more than 60 varieties of peanut
• more than 100 varieties and hybrids of tomato.
Additionally, the development of new tomato varieties has helped increase total
annual production of tomato varieties from 28,000 tons to over 200,000 tons in
Punjab. Yields have more than tripled from 16 tons to 54 tons per hectare.
PepsiCo supported the Punjab Government on the citrus project which served
to improve the quality of life for thousands of farmers and also created a localised
supply base for citrus juice under Tropicana, the world's largest juice brand.
PepsiCo was also interested in exploring the export potential of the local
produce. The project, signed in 2002, served to deepen PepsiCo's involvement in
Punjab agriculture which started in 1989. It also marked a step forward in fulfilling
its commitment to improving the quality of life for thousands of farmers and
played an integral role in introducing a less water intensive alternative than other
crops such as paddy which farmers had previously grown.
WASTE TO WEALTH
HEALTHY KIDS
Through the Get Active programme, PepsiCo's snack and beverage businesses
collaborate with the National Advisory Board - comprising medical practitioners,
nutritionists and public health policy experts - to work towards its vision of
improving the health and well-being of children. The Get Active programme
promotes active lifestyles and healthy nutritional habits among children in
schools.
Supporting Communities
Project Healing Touch began in the aftermath of the Kargil war and marked a
mutually beneficial partnership between former armed force members and
PepsiCo. Under the auspices of the project, Mission Vijay 2 helps rehabilitate
former service men by providing them with sustainable employment
opportunities.
Health Camps
Health camps, conducted by PepsiCo India, serve to build awareness about
health and environmental protection in communities. The company conducts
numerous programmes for community members, including youth and children,
using traditional and modern means of communication to raise the general level
of health awareness and to highlight the importance of sanitation.
PepsiCo initiated its HIV/ AIDS workplace awareness and prevention programme
which covered employees across the country. The building blocks of the
programme are based on creating awareness, capacity building, encouraging
prevention and reducing the stigma associated with HIV/AIDS. In partnership
with the ILO, PepsiCo has designed awareness sessions to provide information
about the basics of HIV, promote use of condoms and educate employees about
other sexually transmitted infections.
Company Overview
“Corporate Responsibility is one of the things that makes Cadbury special. It’s
been integral to our business for nearly 200 years since the Cadbury family first
sought to be a ‘force for good in troubled times’. That sense of ambition remains
at Cadbury today.”
- Todd Stitzer
CEO Cadbury
Use of solar panels to light the streets outside the factory during the
night
The emissions targeted by the Cadbury Guide to Low Carbon Dairy Farming
CO2, methane and nitrous oxide, which contribute 23 %, 25 % and 52 % of
emissions from the average dairy farm, respectively.
Sarvam Program
Gurikha Project
CSR strategy – Five Pillars of CSR: marketing, food and consumer trends;
ethical sourcing and procurement; environment; quality, health and safety;
human rights and employment standards; and community investment.
DearCadbury.com
Cadbury also reported that it has met its 2007 goal of reducing water use by
10%.
The Dow Jones Sustainability Index – in 2008 Cadbury received a score of 75%
the highest ever score for the company and against an industry average of 48%
FTSE4Good – Cadbury has been submitting data to the index since its launch
in 2001
Cadbury publishes a CSR report every two years, highlighting all of its CSR
activities.
Total involvement of top management shows how serious the company is about
its CSR activities
This shows genuine efforts on the part of Cadbury to make CSR initiatives an
integral part of their day to day working
The initiative ‘Purple goes Green’ sets stringent targets for the company to be
achieved by 2020 (aiming at Carbon cuts and water conservation).