Y\ -

I- ~ I n. ol 0 2 = 1• LI 'i 'i v ., ::
"~ - l -i ., - c, , 3 7 s ..... o I

THE SUPER COMBINED GAS LAW

0 We can
• IIfno,e an art •!the e •atlon that <emaln, <on,tant ,o ff molerne held <onstant •·
temperature is constant: P v :: fli V

• If pressure is constant: V , _ v -i
T, r,
1 1
~ f3.cr.t1e.·s. l...Ctw
2

•
.trcna1-te.s ' Lmv
• And if volume is constant: P p "2
1

T, r 1.
~ ~'f - t...v -::.sac., ' s Law
• And if P and Tare held constant (but not# moles) v V
I
2
n, - V'l-z.

*Avo3qch c"" 's Lqw

fV' = nf?f
• P= pressure in ....:"'-'-t.;__~--'1_ __
• V= volume in llit:trs
• n = number of moles of the gas ~ often doesn't change
• R = constant = 0.08206 L _atm/ (mol K) ~ NEVER changes
• T = temperature in kelvin
\ I r

H has a volume of 8.56 Lat a temperature of o •ca d

1tR~'2lA
I \\L\\:
,
A sampl• of hyd•og•n ga~ ,;;ol•s of H, ga, ~• t'ii•••? n a •••..••• of- 1.s atm

•
1
P - \ . Sat~,
b•haves ma Yh RT
id•ally. How PV:.. . "''•ITle the Ra s
~
) )
0
"\J _ , 5uL (1 . s ) le,t:, -s<,) = vi (1J .O8'lO<'. Pl~
V\ - n-=-0.61
' :. '/13 \(
 Ml•rcury
,1ddcd
Chemistry 5 - 18 - I 8

Chapter 13: Gas Laws

··-t
f:rre~~~JJt:!.~¥'!7.~~!!.lan~dLl.
'/Y.O!l
l \Jul'!'J:?U:fL
, -_ __,_:..!:B::::.:o::e.'f-J-L'le
....'_,.~..__-=La~w
G,1s
• . .J@
~~:l!P(>A'~~t:__t&"f..&£_l-J.!,e"--·.,,.s' - - - - - - - experiment
• changed~ measured _)I_

• -n (#mol) and T constant It

D Graphing Boyle's results

Large pressure Hg

•: Small volume · "~, D This graph has the shape of half of a hyperbola
with an equation P = k/V or PV = k .

'bo 100 ;· With .n... and _I_ fixed, vol l/101 e, and pr:c. s.sv re are pvopar b ona I
:r::
-.s
t:l.. 50 .· -
proportional. If one increases the other dec.~c,qse..S:

P • 1 atm
1'=4~tm

0 20 40 60
V (in. 3)
~•=IL i• = 0.50L V =0.25 L
Another way of stating Boyle's Law is T~298 K T= 298 K T= 298 K

(constant temperature and amount of gas)

✓- 1. o oo a4 n1
-What pressure (in atm) is required to compress 1.00 L of gas a{ 760.0 m~ g pressure to a volume of 50.0 ml?
P 1 V 1:: t°-z V 1.
P, :- P2. = ·
-,
1- 00G Q t-""'1
( ,. c.c,o qt.,_, )( 1-o oL) = p 2 ( . osuoL) High temp~ratur~
L.irgc volu~m_c_...J He
Vz - . 0OOOL
l..'. OSu<
i°'at ~
Y<t l vlC'.J e and Tun pr « oba:C,: Ck:>m :fes ' Law 5 : Low temperature .·.·.
. Small volume ·
4 ._ CH~
D Char/es graphed data for several gases (with # of i,,, /G fe s, & .E....._ fixed.)
D The lines were extrnpo late d backwards (extended backward, assuming
the trend continues) and they all intersect at £J!___ and at a temperature ....
• Thisgavethefirstestimateof abs,olvt e zero
f- 200-100 0 100 200 300
D These graphs are lines with an equation \I : b T ( Wnue, T i $ ~l v11
1
) -273 •c
·• Volume and temperature are _.d...,1u.r:.... "-Jc.._,•i::...tL.·u rc-'n
f 1Ht'f"r...a..,p
e """c1<&.t.... -'~1 ai.if___
T(•q

0 If one increases the other _j._.n""'Cf:::.u.e...a.._s;""e""s;

...___ _ _ __
0 Another way of stating Charles's Law is
v, '12
---
T, - T2
(constant pressure and amount of gas)
 Measuring Pressure
• Barometer - device that measures atmospheric pressure
11111

• Invented by Evangelista Torricelli in 1643

~;! ,1 'h
ff• lll<' h .111\ 'I
I 1' t • • 110111
• I I I 1111
'.\ ~I::,., ' l h
UNITS for Pressure ,:ltu.,, I"ll h

1 standard atmosphere
..
.1: " " "
I' ,-.q 11, ·1

= 1.000 atm (Atmospheres)

:: ,c.oo .O V"'V-1 H<j c~,11111 ~,ctu s t, i n C,Vh( \ ~ ••

- 1~0. M""" To~• (11 a ~•\cd aft-c-t- lon,celt,) if.(\,,e. a <:

: 1ol1 32S pq(pa se,al s )
= IL\ 7 ps i (pound s. pu 91iva ~e I ~e,h)

Convert into atmospheres (atm) ...

c) 105JVa
a) 105.2 torr
1o s. z ~ ~ J l . o o o oh--l ,. o 3 o h-,,-i
IOS , '2 t-Ot"Y .oooatvvi
7(,0 .,..-, "'-'tO V ...-
---- -- 7 101,~-z.S ~a
0 . \ 3 e a +--VV\
b) 75.2 mm Hg 0 .969 Qfy, ,
1s 2 ....,.w-aH 1.000 atf'l')
--,c,o y,,,..-., H3
o .oqei a+V11
Atmospheric Pressure Changes
G~a "lj• •-~q
-+ R>o1l1n3 a n d Ft~z 1y1~ Po 1• ,l~
C~1,.9•n_q Weqf-heK -- ,11tihJde of ~ svl7~tco ,c..e., CA ve J'e,p"A,d8$ •I-
CGnd'i1-io n s on ~ pte&~ vve..

f W_jt7~0
--.t ,··_: i 10

Diffusion of lases
D Because molecules are always in motion, gases will s pr ead rut _ . into any available space
• Open a bottle of perfume and eventually the molecules will _ ~p(~ to the entire room

• Eventually it will form a hol'l-loa enou s Mix:tuve w .'1crc all the molecules are ev e n l y ~ -
 I <-- , e !: c., , ~,q , ~ . 1

(!1cmistry S - 11 - I B

~arm-~ : Suppo~c you have a 20.0 gram l " cce of ice at -30.0 degrees Celsius. Ho w much energy is required to bring the 1cc to

liquid at 0" C? c:•• = 2.03J/g"C H,., - 6. JkJ/ mol

Cha 11te r 13: Gases and Their Properties

P(opcrt ics of GJsc_i
D There arc three measurements w,' can make for a gas:
• Pressure - how much is it -'2V~·u n~-s't--- on its __£OVl\ac yi(N or surroundings (per unit area)?

Pressure = Lo1..u....l area

• Volume - how much space er ·~ it take up?
--What makes gases spec -,1 is that they take the ....Y'.ol v r,e, of their ...LQYl-j a 1n_e,..y __ __ _, and can

be relatively easily _
.c..a_~p,~g;.ed
• ·1crnpcrature - rclilted to hov, f4.§i__ the molecules are moving and their M ':tS S __ .

Temperature
D Tcmr • r;, ure is actually a measurr nr t he <W«age, 't-1ne:.-tk. fJoe.t 5 i (energy of motion) of atoms/molecules.

D The t,;r;hc r the tem perature, t he fo<..-tu:: the molecules are moving.

D The lo vest temperature an objecc can have is called Ap SQ\u:\ <,, 'lexo and is _Q ~ which is
- 21 ?, . 15 <> C.. _ (often rouncJ ~d to _ - 1.13'"c, unless temperilture is known to a great prcci~ion).

Tempera ture Seal~

D The . . ., scale is an absolutes::.
" r;i nnot go below _Qjl.
.,.,...
• No degree sign is used .....'.7:':,.;:;:;- - .,.. , _ 14~- -
~.i.,
D To fir ,cJ ii temperature in Kelvin, ,ply add 273.15 (or 273) to the Celsius temp. ~·•
';::.';:, _
,... .
TK= re.. t-z., s . \S
Molecular r.; , .i nd C.,0\\1S\OY} S ....
,. .. -
,,,., . ,,. _ .: v-
D 1n r : .olcculcs move freely. ·Jt are held close together by intermolecular forces.

0 In '1c mo l~::ules are movin f asf:c.,y • so they are [a\' thc,,y

...apcGu:±_ _ and have w eaker 1Y1-r~r10\e.u,1 lay __ forces.

1 ,sc a f-•.c~ w~ on their containers/surroundings through the coll I ';,ICN1~

4
U fl u of molecules w ith the
~ utfOa?..-_of _t11f' G<>nta1 n er _ .

··., tc r pressure ,s 8 -y ~e_y~_ _ _ at t h e bottom of a pool.

• ,\ir pressure deL.N_c:.a s e. _ _as you go up in elevation.