Metal Aqueous Ion Limited NaOH Excess Excess Na2CO3 HCl
Limited NH3 NaOH NH3
Fe2+ [Fe(H2O)6] 2+ Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 FeCO3 Green Solution Green Green Precipitate• Precipitate Cu2+ [Cu(H2O)6]2+ Cu(H2O)4(OH)2 [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ CuCO3 [CuCl4]2- Blue Solution Blue Precipitate Deep Blue Blue-Green Yellow-Green Solution Precipitate Solution Co2+ [Co(H2O)6]2+ Co(H2O)4(OH)2 [Co(NH3)6]2+ CoCO3 [CoCl4]2- Pink Solution Blue Precipitate Yellow-Brown Pink Precipitate Blue Solution Solution° Fe3+ [Fe(H2O)6]3+ Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 Purple Brown Brown Precipitate Solution Precipitate CO2 Effervescence Al3+ [Al(H2O)6]3+ Al(H2O)3(OH)3 [Al(OH)4]- Al(H2O)3(OH)3 Colourless White Colourless White Precipitate Solution Precipitate Solution CO2 Effervescence Cr3+ [Cr(H2O)6]3+ Cr(H2O)3(OH)3 [Cr(OH)6]3- [Cr(NH3)6]3+ Cr(H2O)3(OH)3 Violet Solution Green Green Violet Solution Green Precipitate Precipitate Solution* CO2 Effervescence • Goes brown in air or H2O2: Fe2+ is oxidised to Fe3+ °Goes brown in air or H2O2: Co2+ is oxidised to Co3+ *Goes yellow in H2O2: Cr3+ oxidised to CrO42- (then the dichromate equilibrium is established)
Coordination Chemistry—XIV: Plenary Lectures Presented at the XIVth International Conference on Coordination Chemistry Held at Toronto, Canada, 22—28 June 1972