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2017
®
NATIONAL
PLUMBING & HVAC
ESTIMATOR
By James A. Thomson
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Acknowledgments
The sample “Standard Form Subcontract” and “Subcontract Change Order” forms used in the final section of
this book are reprinted with the permission of the publisher, the Associated General Contractors of America
(National Office), 1957 E Street NW, Washington, District of Columbia 20006.
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© 2016 Craftsman Book Company

ISBN 978-1-57218-329-2
Published September 2016 for the year 2017.

Contents
How to Use This Book............................................. 5 Fire Protection Equipment................................... 174
Fire Protection Sprinkler Pipe and Fittings
Plumbing Equipment (Roll Grooved)...................................................... 176
Domestic Hot Water Heaters................................. 19 Fire Protection Branch Pipe & Fittings................. 180
Water Softeners..................................................... 22 Fire Protection Sprinkler Pipe and
Kitchen Equipment................................................. 25 Fittings (CPVC).................................................... 183
Kitchen Equipment Connections............................ 26
Plumbing Fixtures.................................................. 27 HVAC Equipment
Plumbing Fixture Rough-In.................................... 31 Commercial Boilers.............................................. 185
Commercial Boiler Connections........................... 190
Piping Systems Commercial Boiler Components and
Copper Pipe, Type K with Brazed Joints............... 33 Accessories.......................................................... 192
Copper Pipe, Type K with Soft-Soldered Joints.... 43 Centrifugal Pumps and Pump Connections......... 206
Copper Pipe, Type L with Brazed Joints............... 53 Heat Exchangers and Connections..................... 207
Copper Pipe, Type L with Soft-Soldered Joints..... 62 Fan Coil Units and Connections.......................... 208
Copper Pipe, Type M with Brazed Joints.............. 71 Reheat Coils and Connections............................ 209
Copper Pipe, Type M with Soft-Soldered Joints.... 80 Unit Heaters and Connections............................. 210
Copper Pipe, Type K & L Chillers and Chiller Connections.......................... 211
with Roll Grooved Joints........................................ 89
Condensing Units and Cooling Towers............... 212
PVC, Schedule 40, with Solvent-Weld Joints........ 91
Cooling Towers and Cooling Tower
PVC, Schedule 80, with Solvent-Weld Joints...... 101 Connections......................................................... 213
Polyethylene-Aluminum Pipe
with Crimped Joints.............................................. 111 Steel Piping Systems
Polyethylene-Aluminum Pipe Carbon Steel, Schedule 40 with
with Compression Joints...................................... 116 150# Fittings & Butt-Welded Joints...................... 214
Plumbing and Piping Specialties......................... 119 Carbon Steel, Schedule 40 with
Cast Iron, DWV, Service Weight, No-Hub 150# M.I. Fittings & Threaded Joints................... 223
with Coupled Joints.............................................. 135 Carbon Steel, Schedule 5 with
Cast Iron, DWV, Service Weight, Pressfit Fittings..................................................... 234
Hub & Spigot with Gasketed Joints..................... 141 Carbon Steel, Schedule 80 with
Copper, DWV, with Soft-Soldered Joints............. 146 300# Fittings & Butt-Welded Joints...................... 237
ABS, DWV with Solvent-Weld Joints................... 150 Carbon Steel, Schedule 80 with
PVC, DWV with Solvent-Weld Joints................... 154 300# M.I. Fittings & Threaded Joints................... 247
PVC, DWV with Gasketed Bell and Carbon Steel, Schedule 160 with
Spigot Joints......................................................... 159 3,000-6,000# Fittings........................................... 255
Polypropylene, Schedule 40, Carbon Steel, Schedule 40 with
with Heat-Fusioned Joints.................................... 164 Roll-Grooved Joints.............................................. 266
Carbon Steel, Schedule 10 with
Floor, Area, Roof and Planter Drains................. 168 Roll-Grooved Joints.............................................. 273
Carbon Steel, Schedule 40 with
Cleanouts.............................................................. 169 Cut-Grooved Joints.............................................. 280
Residential HVAC Assemblies............................ 286

Fire Protection
Fire Protection Sprinklers..................................... 170 Air Handling Unit Accessories........................... 290

Heat Recovery Ventilators - Commercial.......... 291 Fiberglass Pipe Insulation................................... 397

Heat Recovery Ventilators - Residential............ 292 Calcium Silicate Pipe Insulation with
Water Coil Piping................................................. 294 Aluminum Jacket.................................................. 399
Air Handling Unit Coil Connections................... 297 Closed Cell Elastomeric Pipe Insulation........... 400
Gas-Fired Furnaces............................................. 299 Thermal Duct Insulation...................................... 401
Energy Recovery Systems, Enthalpy................. 301
Balancing of HVAC Systems.............................. 402
Unit Heaters.......................................................... 302
Temperature Controls.......................................... 405
Infrared Heaters.................................................... 304
Heat Pump Systems............................................. 305 Ductile Iron Pipe Systems
Water Pump Systems.......................................... 313 Ductile Iron, Class 153, Cement-Lined with
Geothermal/Domestic Water Wells..................... 316 Mechanical Joints................................................. 407
Biomass-Fired Boilers......................................... 319 Ductile Iron, Class 153, Double Cement-Lined
with Mechanical Joints......................................... 409
Fans and Blowers................................................ 324
Ductile Iron, Class 110, Cement-Lined with
Ventilators & Residential Exhaust Fans............ 326
Mechanical Joints................................................. 411
Apparatus Housing.............................................. 331
Air Devices, Registers & Grilles......................... 333 Cast Iron, Class 150 with Mechanical Joints.... 412
Air Devices, Diffusers & Grilles.......................... 334 Asbestos-Cement, Class 2400 or 3000 with
Mechanical Joints................................................ 413
Terminal Units (VAV)........................................... 337
Fiberglass Tanks.................................................. 415
Ducting Systems Plastic Tanks........................................................ 416
Ductwork Specialties............................................ 339 Trenching.............................................................. 418
Galvanized Steel Ductwork.................................. 344 Equipment Rental................................................. 420
Installed Ductwork Per Pound............................. 346 Close-Out Items.................................................... 421
Galvanized Steel Spiral Ductwork....................... 348 HVAC & Plumbing Demolition............................ 422
Galvanized Steel Round Spiral Fittings............... 349
Budget Estimating................................................ 435
Galvanized Steel Rectangular Ductwork............. 351
Galvanized Steel Rectangular Forms and Letters
90 Degree Elbows................................................ 353
Change Estimates................................................ 438
Galvanized Steel Spiral Duct............................... 356
Subcontract Forms............................................... 447
Galvanized Steel Spiral Duct Fittings.................. 358
Galvanized Steel Spiral Tees.............................. 360 Purchase Orders.................................................. 451
Galvanized Steel Spiral Crosses......................... 366 Construction Schedules....................................... 453
Galvanized Steel Rectangular Ductwork............. 369 Letter of Intent...................................................... 456
Galvanized Steel Rectangular Elbows................. 381 Submittal Data...................................................... 458
Galvanized Steel Drops and Tees....................... 391 Billing Breakdown Worksheet.............................. 461
Galvanized Steel Round Ductwork...................... 394
Fiberglass Ductwork............................................. 395 Index...................................................................... 463

How to Use This Book

This 2017 National Plumbing & HVAC Estimator is To the left of the @ symbol you see an abbreviation
a guide to estimating labor and material costs for for the recommended work crew.
plumbing, heating, ventilating and air conditioning Page 7 shows the wage rates and craft codes used
systems in residential, commercial and industrial in this book.
buildings.
To the right of the @ symbol you see a number. The
'17 Inside the back cover of this number is the estimated manhours (not crew hours)
book you’ll find a software down- required to install each unit of material listed. In the case
load certificate. To access the download, follow the of a 6 gallon hot water heater, P1@.500 means that
instructions printed there. The download includes .500 manhours are required to install 1 hot water heater.
an easy to-use estimating program with all the cost Costs in the Labor $ Column are based
estimates in this book. The software will run on PCs on manhour estimates in the Craft@Hrs col-
using Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8, or 10 operating umn. Multiply the manhour estimate by the
systems. assumed hourly labor cost to find the instal-
lation cost in the Labor $ column. For example, .500
When the National Estimator program has been manhours times $36.24 (the average wage for crew
installed, click Help on the menu bar to see a list of P1) is $18.12, or $18.10 rounded.
topics that will get you up and running. Or, go online Quarterly price updates on the Web are free and
to www.craftsman-book.com and click on Support, automatic all during 2017. You’ll be prompted by
then Tutorials, to view an interactive tutorial for Craftsman Software Update when it’s time to collect
National Estimator. the next update. A connection to the Web is required.
Costs in This Manual will apply within a few percent Manhour Estimates include all productive labor
on a wide variety of projects. Using the information normally associated with installing the materials
given on the pages that follow will explain how to use described. These estimates assume normal condi-
these costs and suggest procedures to follow when tions: experienced craftsmen working on reasonably
compiling estimates. Reading the remainder of this well planned and managed new construction with fair
section will help you produce more reliable estimates to good productivity. Labor estimates also assume
for plumbing and HVAC work. that materials are standard grade, appropriate tools
are on hand, work done by other crafts is adequate,
layout and installation are relatively uncomplicated,
Manhour Estimates in This Book will
and working conditions don’t slow progress.
be accurate for some jobs and inaccurate
for others. No manhour estimate fits all All manhour estimates include tasks such as:
jobs because every construction project
■■ Unloading and storing construction materials, tools
is unique. Expect installation times to vary widely
and equipment on site.
from job to job, from crew to crew, and even for the
same crew from day to day. ■■ Working no more than two floors above or below
ground level.
There’s no way to eliminate all errors when making ■■ Working no more than 10 feet above an unclut-
manhour estimates. But you can minimize the risk of tered floor.
a major error by:
■■ Normal time lost due to work breaks.
1. Understanding what’s included in the manhour
estimates in this book, and ■■ Moving tools and equipment from a storage area or
truck not more than 200 feet from the work area.
2. Adjusting the manhour estimates in this book for
■■ Returning tools and equipment to the storage area
unusual job conditions.
or truck at the end of the day.
The Craft@Hrs Column. Manhour estimates in this ■■ Planning and discussing the work to be performed.
book are listed in the column headed Craft@Hrs. ■■ Normal handling, measuring, cutting and fitting.
For example, on page 19 you’ll see an estimate for
installing a 6 gallon hot water heater. In the ■■ Regular cleanup of construction debris.
Craft@Hrs column opposite 6 gallon you’ll see: ■■ Infrequent correction or repairs required because
P1@.500 of faulty installation.
5
National Plumbing & HVAC Estimator
If the work you’re estimating won’t be done under Correction

these conditions, you need to apply a correction fac- Condition Factor
tor to adjust the manhour estimates in this book to fit Work in large open areas, no partitions .85
your job. Prefabrication under ideal conditions,
bench work .90
Applying Correction Factors. Analyze your job Large quantities of repetitive work .90
carefully to determine whether a labor correction
Very capable tradesmen .95
factor is needed. Failure to consider job conditions
is probably the most common reason for inaccurate Work 300' from storage area 1.03
estimates. Work 400' from storage area 1.05
Work 500' from storage area 1.07
Use one or more of the recommended correction fac- Work on 3rd through 5th floors 1.05
tors in Table 1 to adjust for unusual job conditions. To Work on 6th through 9th floors 1.10
make the adjustment, multiply the manhour estimate
Work on 10th through 13th floors 1.15
by the appropriate conversion factor. On some jobs,
Work on 14th through 17th floors 1.20
several correction factors may be needed. A correc-
tion factor less than 1.00 means that favorable work- Work on 18th through 21st floors 1.25
ing conditions will reduce the manhours required. Work over 21 floors 1.35
Work in cramped shafts 1.30
Supervision Expense to the installing Work in commercial kitchens 1.10
contractor is not included in the labor Work above a sloped floor 1.25
cost. The cost of supervision and non-
Work in attic space 1.50
productive labor varies widely from job
to job. Calculate the cost of supervision Work in crawl space 1.20
and non-productive labor and add this Work in a congested equipment room 1.20
to the estimate. Work 15' above floor level 1.10
Work 20' above floor level 1.20
Hourly Labor Costs also vary from job to job. This Work 25' above floor level 1.30
book assumes an average manhour labor cost of
Work 30' above floor level 1.40
$42.65 for plumbers and $41.40 for sheet metal
workers. If these hourly labor costs are not accurate Work 35' to 40' above floor level 1.50
for your jobs, adjust the labor costs up or down by an
Table 1 Recommended Correction Factors
appropriate percentage. Instructions on the next page
explain how to make these adjustments. If you’re
using the National Estimator disk, it’s easy to set your
own wage rates. Column 3, insurance and employer-paid
taxes in percent, shows the insurance
Hourly labor costs in this book include the basic and tax rate for the craft workers. The
wage, fringe benefits, the employer’s contribution to cost of insurance in this column includes
welfare, pension, vacation and apprentice funds, and workers’ compensation and contractor’s
all tax and insurance charges based on wages. Table casualty and liability coverage. Insurance rates vary
2 at the top of the next page shows how hourly labor widely from state to state and depend on a contrac-
costs in this book were calculated. It’s important that tor’s loss experience. Note that taxes and insurance
you understand what’s included in the figures in each increase the hourly labor cost by approximately 30%.
of the six columns in Table 2. Here’s an explanation: There is no legal way to avoid these costs.
Column 1, the base wage per hour, is the crafts- Column 4, insurance and employer taxes in dol-
man’s hourly wage. These figures are representative lars, shows the hourly cost of taxes and insurance.
of what many contractors are paying plumbers, sheet Insurance and taxes are paid on the costs in both
metal workers and helpers in 2017. columns 1 and 2.
Column 2, taxable fringe benefits, includes vacation Column 5, non-taxable fringe benefits, includes
pay, sick leave and other taxable benefits. These employer paid non-taxable benefits such as medical
fringe benefits average about 5.48% of the base coverage and tax-deferred pension and profit shar-
wage for many plumbing and HVAC contractors. This ing plans. These fringe benefits average 4.84% of the
benefit is in addition to the base wage. base wage for many plumbing and HVAC contractors.
6
Column Number 1 2 3 4 5 6
Taxable Non-taxable
fringe Insurance Insurance fringe
benefits (at and and benefits (at Total hourly
Base wage 5.48% of employer employer 4.84% of cost used in
Craft per hour base wage) taxes (%) taxes ($) base wage) this book
Laborer 20.57 1.13 32.81% 7.12 1.00 29.82
Plumber 31.37 1.72 24.30% 8.04 1.52 42.65
Sheet Metal Worker 30.04 1.65 26.06% 8.26 1.45 41.40
Operating Engineer 30.61 1.68 25.27% 8.16 1.48 41.93
Sprinkler Fitter 30.82 1.69 25.12% 8.17 1.49 42.17
Electrician 30.35 1.66 19.86% 6.36 1.47 39.84
Cement Mason 25.87 1.42 23.18% 6.33 1.25 34.87
Average Hourly Cost

Craft Code Crew Composition per Manhour
ER 4 building plumbers, 2 building laborers, 1 operating engineer 38.88
SN 4 building sheet metal workers, 2 building laborers, 1 operating engineer 38.17
P1 1 building plumber and 1 building laborer 36.24
ST 1 sprinkler fitter 42.17
SK 4 sprinkler fitters, 2 building laborers, 1 operating engineer 38.61
SL 1 sprinkler fitter and 1 laborer 36.00
S2 1 building sheet metal worker, 1 building laborer 35.61
BE 1 electrician 39.84
CF 1 cement mason 34.87
SW 1 sheet metal worker 41.40
Table 2 Labor Costs Used in This Book
The employer pays no taxes or insurance on these For example, notice on page 19 that the labor cost for
benefits. installing a 6 gallon hot water heater is $18.12 each.
Column 6, the total hourly cost in dollars, is the sum If installed by your plumbing crew working at an aver-
age cost of $17.50 per manhour, your estimated cost
of columns 1, 2, 4, and 5. The labor costs in Column
would be 48% of $18.12 or $8.74 per heater.
6 were used to compute costs in the Labor $ column
of this book. Adjusting the labor costs in this book will make your
Adjusting Costs in the Labor $ Column. The hourly estimates much more accurate. Making adjustments
labor costs used in this book may apply within a few to labor costs is both quick and easy if you use the
percent on many of your jobs. But wage rates may National Estimator program.
be much higher or lower in some areas. If the hourly
costs shown in Column 6 of Table 2 are not accurate Equipment Cost will vary according to need and
for your work, adjust labor costs to fit your jobs. application. It typically is $110 per hour for a 10-ton
hydraulic truck-mounted crane.
For example, suppose your hourly labor costs are as
follows: Material Costs in this manual are intended to reflect
what medium- to low-volume contractors will be pay-
Plumber $19.00 ing in 2017 after applying normal discounts. These
Laborer $16.00 costs include charges for delivery to within 25 to 30
Total hourly crew cost $35.00 miles of the supplier.
Your average cost per manhour would be $17.50 Overhead and Profit for the installing contractor are
($35.00 per crew hour divided by 2 because this is a not included in the costs in this manual unless spe-
crew of two). cifically identified in the text. Markup can vary widely
with local economic conditions, competition and the
A labor cost of $17.50 is about 48% of the $36.24 installing contractor’s operating expenses. Add the
labor cost used for crew P1. Multiply costs in the markup that’s appropriate for your company, the job
Labor $ column by .483 to find your estimated cost. and the competitive environment.
7
How Accurate Are These Figures? As accurate as The most efficient way to define the scope of the
possible considering that the editors don’t know your work is to prepare a list of tasks not normally per-
material suppliers, haven’t seen the plans or speci- formed by your company and attach that list to each
fications, don’t know what building code applies or bid submitted. Here’s a good list of work that should
where the job is, had to project material costs at least be excluded from your bid.
six months into the future, and had no record of how
much work the crew that will be assigned to the job Your Bid Should Exclude
can handle.
Final cleaning of plumbing fixtures
You wouldn’t bid a job under those conditions. And I Backings for plumbing fixtures
don’t claim that all plumbing and HVAC work is done
at these prices. Toilet room accessories
Electrical work, including motor starters
Estimating Is an Art, not a science. There is no Electrical wiring and conduit over 100 volts
one price that applies on all jobs. On many jobs the
range between high and low bid will be 10% or more. Temporary utilities
There’s room for legitimate disagreement on what Painting, priming and surface preparation
the correct costs are, even when complete plans and Structural cutting, patching or repairing
specifications are available, the date and site are
established, and labor and material costs are identi- Fire protection and landscape sprinklers
cal for all bidders. Equipment supports
Surveying and layout of control lines
No estimate fits all jobs. Good estimates are custom
made for a particular project and a single contractor Removal or stockpiling of excess soil
through judgment, analysis and experience. This book Concrete work, including forming and rebar
is not intended as a substitute for judgment, analysis
Setting of equipment furnished by others
and sound estimating practice. It’s an aid in develop-
ing an informed opinion of cost, not an answer book. Equipment, unless shown, and personnel hoisting
Wall and floor blockouts
Pitch pockets
Additional Costs to Consider
The costs of performance or payment bonds
Here’s a checklist of additional costs to consider
before submitting any bid. Site utilities
Asbestos removal or disposal
1. Sales taxes
Contaminated soil removal or disposal
2. Mobilization costs Major increases in copper material prices
3. Payment and performance bond costs Fire dampers not shown on the plans
4. Permits and fees
Your Bid Should Include
5. Storage container rental costs
Trash sweep-up only. Others haul it away
6. Utility costs
Site utilities from building to property line only
7. Tool costs Piping to 5 feet outside the building only
8. Callback costs during warranty period Plumbing & HVAC permits for your work only
9. Demobilization costs
Beware of Price Changes

Exclusions and Clarifications There’s no way to be sure what prices will be in three
Neither the job specifications nor the contract may to six months. All labor, equipment, material and
identify exactly what work should be included in the subcontract prices in a bid should be based on costs
plumbing and HVAC bid. Obviously, you have to anticipated when the project is expected to be built,
identify what work is included in the job. not when the estimate is compiled. That
8
presents a problem. Except for the installation of Obviously, it’s to your advantage to instruct all ven-
underground utilities, most plumbing and HVAC work dors to quote costs F.O.B. the job site or your shop.
is done six months to a year after the bid is submit-
ted. When possible, get price protection in writing
from your suppliers and subcontractors. If your sup- Reducing Costs
pliers and subs won’t guarantee prices, include an Most construction specifications allow the use of
escalation allowance in your bid to cover anticipated alternative equipment and materials. It’s the estima-
price increases. tor’s responsibility to select the most cost-effective
products. Research and compare your costs before
making any decisions. Avoid selecting any material or
Material Pricing Conditions equipment simply because that’s what you’ve always
All equipment and material prices quoted by your done.
vendors will be conditional. They usually don’t include
sales tax and are subject to specific payment and Don’t recommend plastic products such as ABS,
shipping terms. Every estimator should understand PVC, or polypropylene pipe or corrugated flexible
the meaning of common shipping terms. They define ducts until you’ve checked local code requirements.
who pays the freight and who has responsibility for Most building codes prohibit use of these materials
processing freight-damage claims. Here’s a summary inside public buildings such as schools, care centers
of important conditions you should understand. and hospitals.
F.O.B. Factory (Free On Board at the Factory): Title It’s wise to select 100% factory-packaged equipment.
passes to the buyer when the goods are delivered by Beware of equipment labeled “Some assembly
the seller to the freight carrier. The buyer pays the required.” Field labor costs for mounting loose coils,
freight and is responsible for freight-damage claims. motors and similar equipment are very high.
F.O.B. Factory F.F.A. (Free On Board at the Factory,

Full Freight Allowed): The title passes to the buyer
Value Engineering
when the goods are delivered by the seller to the Let’s suppose you’ve submitted a combined plumbing
freight carrier. The seller pays the freight charges, but and HVAC bid for $233,000. Your cutthroat competi-
the buyer is responsible for freight-damage claims. tor put in a bid at $4,000 less, $229,000. Obviously
there’s no way you’re going to get the job. Right?
F.O.B. (city of destination) (Free On Board to your
city): The title passes to the buyer when the goods Not so fast! Maybe value engineering can help you
are delivered by the seller to the freight terminal in win that contract — while fattening your profit margin.
the city, or nearest city, of destination. The seller
pays the freight and is responsible for freight-damage Suppose the proposal you submitted had two parts.
claims to the terminal. The buyer pays the freight Part I is the bid for $233,000, based entirely on job
charge and is responsible for freight-damage claims plans and specs, just the way they were written. But
from the terminal to the final destination. appended to your proposal is Part II, a list of sugges-
tions for saving money without sacrificing any of the
F.O.B. Job Site (Free On Board at job site, or con- capacity or quality designed into the system. Here’s
tractor’s shop): The title passes to the buyer when an example of what might be in Part II:
the goods are delivered to the job site (or shop). The
seller pays the freight and is responsible for freight- 1. Deduct for providing pipe hanger spacings per
damage claims. UPC in lieu of specified spacings: $1,750.00
F.A.S. Port [of a specific city] (Free Alongside Ship at 2. Deduct for reducing heating hot water pipe sizes
the nearest port): The title passes to the buyer when by using 40 degrees F Delta T in lieu of specified
goods are delivered to the ship dock or port termi- 20 degrees F Delta T: $4,600.00
nal. The seller pays the freight and is responsible for
freight-damage claims to the ship dock or port termi- 3. Deduct for providing pressure/temperature taps
nal only. The buyer pays the freight and is respon- at air handling units, pumps and chillers in lieu of
sible for freight-damage claims from the ship dock or specified thermometers and pressure gauges:
port terminal to the designated delivery point. $875.00
9
4. Deduct for eliminating water treatment in closed 2. Changing HHW Delta T. In hydronic heating
piping systems: $1,800.00 systems, heat measured in Btus is pumped to ter-
minal units. The proposed change of the Delta T,
5. Deduct for piping chilled and heating hot water from 20 degrees F to 40 degrees F, has no effect
pumps in parallel in lieu of providing 100% stand- whatsoever on how many Btus the system deliv-
by pumps: $2,900.00 ers. You’re not changing anything but the volume
of water being pumped. At lower volume levels,
Total deductions: $11,925.00 the size of the pump, the pipe and the pipe insula-
tion can all be reduced. Not one of these changes
Adopting these suggestions would make you low bid- will affect the system’s ability to transmit heat.
der by nearly $8,000. A saving like that will be tempt- Furthermore, operating costs will also drop, since
ing to most owners, especially if the owner under- less pump horsepower will be needed to run the
stands that your suggestions result in a system that is smaller pump.
every bit as good and maybe better than the system
as originally designed. 3. Thermometers/Pressure Gauges. Thermometers
and pressure gauges installed on or near vibrating
You’re not offering to undercut the competition. Far machinery have a very short life expectancy.
from it. You’re using knowledge and experience to Gauges quickly lose accuracy under harsh condi-
create better value for the owner. That’s called value tions. Readings will become less and less reliable.
engineering and it’s likely to win the respect of nearly That’s potentially dangerous. You can avoid this
all cost-conscious owners. problem by using insertion-type pressure/tempera-
ture taps instead. Store these sensitive gauges in a
Notice that reducing costs is only part of what value desk drawer or a tool crib when not in use. Safely
engineering is all about. You don’t cut costs at the stored, they’re protected from damage. They’ll give
expense of system quality, integrity, capacity or accurate readings longer and won’t need to be
performance. replaced as often. And they’re simple to use. Just
insert a gauge in one of the conveniently located
Don’t waste your time, and your client’s, by offering to taps. Make the reading, then remove the gauge
substitute cheaper or lower-quality fixtures or equip- and put it away.
ment. Any cutthroat contractor with a price list can do
4. Water Treatment. ITT Bell & Gossett has done
that. Recommend the use of inferior materials and studies on corrosion in closed hydronic systems
you’ll be associated with the inferior goods you pro- that have a make-up water rate of no more than
mote. Some owners consider even the suggestion to 5% per year. These studies show that corro-
be insulting. sion virtually stops when entrained air is either
removed or depleted. No water treatment is need-
The recommendations you make (like most of those
ed in this closed system.
in the example) will require design changes. You can
expect to be examined (or even challenged) on these 5. 100% Standby Pumps. Two pumps piped and
points. Be ready to explain and defend each of your operated in parallel are more economical. Even
suggestions. Convince the client (or the design engi- if one pump fails, the other pump can maintain
neer) that your ideas are based on sound engineer- delivery at 75 to 80% of the designed flow rate.
ing principles and you’re well on the way to winning That’s usually adequate for emergency operation.
the owner’s confidence and the contract.
These cost-saving ideas are small, but could tip the
Now, let’s go back to the list and see how we might balance in your favor. I hope they demonstrate the
justify the five value engineering recommendations. potential that value engineering has when bidding
jobs. Any time you’re compiling an estimate, keep an
1. Pipe Hanger Spacing. The pipe hanger spac- eye out for ways to save money or reduce the own-
ings recommended in the Uniform Plumbing Code er’s cost. Jot a note to yourself about each potential
(UPC) are calculated by experienced, professional saving you identify. Before submitting the bid, make
structural engineers. The safety factors used in a list of your alternate suggestions. Maybe best of all,
these calculations are very conservative. They’ve markup on your value engineering suggestions can
been widely used for many years and have proved be higher than your normal markup. If value engi-
to be more than adequate. There’s no need for neering can cut costs by $10,000, maybe as much as
more hangers than the UPC requires. $4,000 of that should end up in your pocket!
10
Value Engineering: Surplus Materials ensures that the estimator, the shop inventory man-
ager and your field supervisor are on the same
Value engineering doesn’t begin and end with job
page. Your MET establishes accountability. Nothing
plans and specs. Value engineering means getting
falls through the cracks. Job input equals job output
the most value at the least cost, no matter whether
plus returns. Everything delivered to the job and not
it’s value to the owner or value to the contractor.
expended should be returned to your shop.
Smart mechanical contractors learn to build extra
value into their jobs by controlling shrinkage of mate- Here’s how it works:
rials. Nearly every significant plumbing and HVAC
job ends with at least some surplus material on hand. 1. Based on the estimate that won you the job,
Material left over when the job is done tends to be the items needed are purchased for the job and
discarded as waste or hauled off the job in the back staged for delivery to the job site.
of a truck that doesn’t have your company name on 2. As materials, equipment and tools are delivered
the door. And why not? It’s surplus — not needed. to the job site, your supervisor completes the
The owner didn’t need it. So now it’s up for grabs. first three columns of the MET form: Description,
Quantity and Date.
Not quite. Let’s consider who actually owns that sur-
plus material. When your company has been paid, 3. As work is completed, the same supervisor
every piece of material your crew installed belongs completes the four columns under Returned to
to the building owner. But what about those fittings, Inventory: Quantity Returned, Date, Status Code
hangers and valves delivered to the job site but never and Value. The status code will be either “RS”
actually used? Almost certainly, those materials were (Returned and Salvaged) or “RN” (Returned New).
included in your bid. So aren’t they the property of
4. Back at your shop, both RS and RN materials
the owner? Not in my opinion. The owner contracted
should be restored to inventory.
for a mechanical system and (presumably) has one.
Unless it’s a cost-plus job or a labor-only job, the 5. If your company has an inventory manager, have
owner didn’t buy materials delivered to the job site. that manager assign the return value to each
The owner bought a mechanical system and has item returned. If you’re using QuickBooks Pro,
one — completely separate and apart from any sur- the “Adjust Inventory” feature can handle this
plus materials. In my mind, the property owner has task quite easily. Add two new categories under
no more claim to left-over materials than the same “Inventory Stock on Hand by Vendor.” The first
owner would have claim to labor hours not expended new category is Returned Salvage. The second
or equipment not used on the same job. is Returned New. Be sure the value of RS materi-
als includes the cost of any reconditioning done
Unless there’s some provision in your contract to to restore salvaged materials (such as pumps and
the contrary, surplus material belongs to the install- boilers) to serviceable condition.
ing contractor. But your right to that material and
the chance of actually getting it back to your shop 6. Comparing MET deployed to the job site with MET
are two very different propositions. I see recovery of returned to inventory yields MET actually used on
surplus material as a training issue. As a matter of the job. That’s a very important number to every
company policy, make it clear to your crews that sur- plumbing and HVAC estimator. Be sure actual
plus material belongs to your company. The supervi- usage gets entered on the Project Summary form.
sor on every job should be accountable for recovery 7. When the take-off on your next estimate is com-
of excess material. Every significant job will have
plete, compare that materials list with a summary
at least some surplus. Accounting for that surplus
of RS and RN materials on hand from prior jobs.
should be part of your routine close-out procedure.
Fortunately, it’s not difficult. I’ll explain. 8. Evaluate which returned materials can be rede-
ployed on the new job.
Control of surplus materials begins with a good
checklist, or form. I recommend the Materials, 9. It’s a management decision to either (1) charge
Equipment and Tool form, “MET” for short. A blank the new job for the cost of RS and RN materials
MET form appears following this section. Your MET already on hand, or (2) consider materials on hand
should show both what’s delivered to the job site as “free” and a competitive advantage in winning
(material, equipment and tools) and surplus “drops” the new bid. Either way, RN and RS materials are
returned to your shop at project close-out. A MET an asset to your company.
11
Plumbing and HVAC materials are expensive. Every 2. Now look at your bid for the current job. Which
mechanical contractor has an interest in MET track- mistakes made on a prior job might you expect on
ing. Everyone in your company should be aware of this job? Concentrate on the big three oversights
the need for good materials management. Used cor- to avoid: Inspecting the job site; examining the
rectly, the MET form in this book can help engineer plans; and reading the specifications.
more value into your jobs.
3. Unless there’s a major error in take-off, your esti-
mate of material costs should be within about 5
Maximizing the Value of Old Estimates percent of the actual costs of materials. However,
There should be two profits in every job. The first is it’s common for labor cost estimates to vary 20
money in the bank — a return on time and expenses. percent or more from actual labor costs. This
The second is what you learn from the job — primar- is precisely where data from old jobs comes in
ily by comparing the estimate you made with what handy. If your Project Summary files show that
turns out to be your actual cost. On some jobs, the some project types are consistent money-losers,
value of lessons learned may outweigh net revenue. either shift your company’s focus to another class
of work, factor more contingency into your bids,
Every plumbing and HVAC contractor has marginal or find some way to wring inefficiencies out of
jobs. That’s normal. What shouldn’t be normal is the labor component. Poor staging, delivery and
repeating mistakes. The best way to avoid trouble in retrieval procedures drag down labor productivity
your future is to keep track of your past. Keeping old on any job.
estimates available for reference can help prevent
errors on new estimates. 4. Use your file of Project Summary forms to spot
any common thread that runs through either
As your file of completed estimates grows, organiza- money-making jobs or money-losing jobs. For
tion becomes more important. You need an easy way example, if the names of certain subcontractors or
to find similar projects with the same components vendors are prominent on low-margin jobs, maybe
and comparable scope of work. If your estimating file there’s a relationship between your profit margin
is in QuickBooks Pro, searching by keyword may be and choice of subs and suppliers. Even the best
enough. Otherwise, I recommend creating a short and most reliable vendors can become compla-
summary for each completed job, and an index that cent if not challenged occasionally.
references all summaries available for comparison.
You’ll find a blank Project Summary form at the end 5. Project Summary forms should note changes and
of this section. To make reference easier, create an extras identified after the contract was signed —
index by type of job and equipment used. You may both for which your company was paid and chang-
choose to use an alphabetical index based on client es done without additional compensation. Projects
name or project ID. with changes and extras that exceed about 4 per-
cent of the contract price deserve special scrutiny.
How to complete the Project Summary form is obvi- Jobs with changes beyond about 4 percent aren’t
ous. The many ways to use this form may not be so
good for business, at least in my opinion. Nearly
obvious, so here are a few pointers.
all changes have a negative impact on your job
1. Use your index of Project Summary forms to find schedule and require a disproportionate investment
completed jobs most similar to the job you’re bid- of management resources. Too many changes can
ding. Believe it or not, Project Summary forms antagonize the owner and design staff, even if they
with the widest margin of error will be most useful.
were responsible for the altered plans. You may
Ask yourself: Who worked on those projects? Who
was the field superintendent? Who were the ven- know of a mechanical contractor with a reputation
dors? Did the errors result from poor estimating or for capitalizing on change orders. But I’ve rarely
the poor performance of vendors, supervisors or seen a job plagued with changes that turned into a
crews? The most common estimating errors occur money-maker for anyone — except the attorneys.
when (a) inspecting the job site, (b) examining Your file of Project Summary forms will show job
the plans or (c) reading the specifications. What types that carry change order risk. Before finalizing
did you miss and why? Look for pitfalls to avoid in
and submitting any bid, consider whether the job
the job now being estimated. Identify the biggest
two or three mistakes made when bidding that will get mired in disputes over changes and extras.
job. Make a notation about each on the Project If similar jobs have ended on the courthouse steps,
Summary form. factor that risk into your estimate.
12
Utility of a Project Summary forms file is limited only Use Engineer’s Identification Numbers when list-
by your ingenuity. The important point is to keep and ing equipment. The word pump without any other
organize the source of your second profit available on description is ambiguous when there are several
every job. What you learn can be more valuable than pumps included in the project.
what you earn.
Don’t Forget Labor Adjustment factors if your labor
costs are significantly higher or lower than the costs
The Estimating Procedure used in this book. See instructions on page 7 for
Every plumbing and HVAC estimator works under adjusting labor costs.
deadline pressure. You’ll seldom have the luxury of
Use Colored Pencils or highlighters to mark the
spending as much time as you would like on an esti-
items you’ve taken off and listed. Use a different color
mate. Estimators who aren’t organized waste valuable for each piping or ducting system.
time and tend to make careless errors. Try to be well-
organized and consistent in your approach to estimat- Log Telephone Quotes and other important phone
ing. For most projects, I recommend that you follow conversations on a telephone quote form. See the
the procedures listed below and in the order listed: sample on page 18.
1. Get a second set of project drawings and speci- Project Estimated Costs for labor, material and
fications for use by your suppliers and subcon- equipment to the time when the work is expected to
tractors. Remember that your subs and suppliers be done, not when the job is being estimated.
need access to the plans and specs and time to
prepare their quotes. The only good estimate is a complete estimate.
You’ve probably heard this saying, “He who makes
2. Study the plans and specs carefully. Highlight the most mistakes is likely to be low bidder, and live
important items. Make a list of specific tasks that to regret it.”
require labor unit correction factors. The estimate
is never complete until you’re totally familiar with
Preparing the Proposal
the project and the applicable construction codes.
It’s both common courtesy and good business prac-
3. Get the general contractor or owner to identify the tice to deliver an unpriced copy of your bid or pro-
proposed construction schedule and subcontractor posal letter to the general contractor three or four
lay-down (storage) area. Work schedule and site days before the bid deadline date. This gives the
conditions always affect your costs. contractor time to study your proposal and obtain
alternate pricing for items you may have excluded. To
4. Contact all potential suppliers and subcontractors avoid misunderstandings, make sure your proposals
as early as possible. Set a time when each can include, as a minimum, the following elements:
come to your office to make their take-offs from
the spare set of contract documents. 1. The complete name and address of the proposed
project.
When this important preliminary work is done, or in 2. Specification title and issue date.
progress, it’s time to begin your detailed take-off.
3. A complete listing of drawings and their issue or
revision date.
Guidelines for Good Estimating 4. A complete list of addenda and their dates of
You can compile estimates on a legal pad, a printed issue.
estimating form or on a computer. Regardless of the 5. A list of specification section numbers covered by
method, these guidelines will apply: your proposal.
6. A list of exclusions, clarifications and assumptions.
List Each Cost Separately on your take-off sheet.
Don’t combine system estimates, even if the materi- Your final bid can be phoned in or sent by fax, but
als are the same type. A combined system estimate it should reach the general contractor or owner no
may have to be completely redone if materials for more than five or ten minutes before the bid dead-
one system are changed at a later date. Use the line. Prices submitted too early may have to be
Estimate Detail Sheet on page 16 if you don’t already revised because of last-minute price changes by
have a good material take-off form. subcontractors or suppliers.
13
MET Worksheet
Material, Equipment and Tool Delivery and Surplus Return Record
Project ID Job Location

Supervisor Start Date
Delivered to
Job Site Returned to Inventory
Description of Material, Status
Equipment or Tool Quantity Date Quantity Date Code Value at
Delivered or Returned Delivered Delivered Returned Returned RN or RS Return
14
PROJECT SUMMARY
Project ID ____________________________________________________ Job Location __________________________________________________

Short description ______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
Supervisor __________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
Index ID ____________________________________________________ Start Date ____________________________________________________
Estimator ____________________________________________________ Client ______________________________________________________
Major vendors ________________________________________________ Subcontractors ________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
Sources of cost deviation________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
Related Projects by ID Number __________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
Thumbnail Summary Labor Material Equipment Subcontract Deployed RN/RS Total

Actual cost
Estimate
Over/(Under)
Full Summary
Bid amount
Estimated cost
Projected profit

Cost overrun
Bid profit
Change orders
Cost of changes
Total profit
Total profit with RN/RS
Redeployment
15
16
Estimate Detail Sheet
Data carried forward from Take-Off Quantity Survey Sheet(s)
Company/Department __________________________________________ Estimator ____________________________________ Date __________
Project ______________________________________________________ Checked by __________________________________ Date __________
Address ____________________________________________________ Notes: ______________________________________________________
Job description__________________ Estimate # ____________________ ____________________________________________________________
CSI Division/Account ____________ Estimate due __________________ ____________________________________________________________
Crew @ Manhours Materials Labor Equipment Subcontract

Item Description Quantity Unit MH/Unit Ext. Unit $ Ext. $ Unit $ Ext. $ Unit $ Ext. $ Unit $ Ext. $ Total $

Totals This Sheet Manhours Material $ Labor $ Equipment $ Subcontract $ Total $
Carry totals forward to Estimate Summary Sheet Estimate #__________ Estimate Detail Sheet _______ of _______
Quotation Sheet
Job:
Supplier:
Salesperson: Phone No:
Per Plans/Specs: Freight: Terms:
Description Delivery Time Price
By:
17
Record of Telephone Conversation
Date: Time: Project:

Telecon with:
Company: Phone No:
Subject:
Details of Conversation:
By:
18
Domestic Hot Water Heaters
Description Craft@Hrs Unit Material $ Labor $ Equipment $ Total $
Electric domestic hot water heater (residential). Set in place only (floor
models). Make additional allowances for pipe and electrical connections. (See
below)
6 gallon
1.5 KW/110V P1@.500 Ea 410.00 18.10 — 428.10
10 gallon
1.5 KW/110V P1@.500 Ea 458.00 18.10 — 476.10
15 gallon
1.5 KW/110V P1@.750 Ea 483.00 27.20 — 510.20
20 gallon
1.5 KW/110V P1@.750 Ea 498.00 27.20 — 525.20
30 gallon
1.5 KW/110V P1@1.00 Ea 444.00 36.20 — 480.20
40 gallon
1.5 KW/110V P1@1.20 Ea 465.00 43.50 — 508.50
50 gallon
3 KW/110V P1@1.30 Ea 501.00 47.10 — 548.10
12 gallon
3 KW/220V P1@.500 Ea 404.00 18.10 — 422.10
20 gallon
3 KW/220V P1@.750 Ea 442.00 27.20 — 469.20
30 gallon
3 KW/220V P1@1.00 Ea 483.00 36.20 — 519.20
40 gallon
3 KW/220V P1@1.20 Ea 525.00 43.50 — 568.50
50 gallon
3 KW/220V P1@1.30 Ea 562.00 47.10 — 609.10
Electric domestic hot water heater (commercial), 208/240 volt. Set in

place only. Make additional allowances for pipe and electrical connections. (See
below)
96 gallon, 12 kw P1@1.50 Ea 2,240.00 54.40 — 2,294.40
96 gallon, 18 kw P1@1.50 Ea 3,040.00 54.40 — 3,094.40
96 gallon, 36 kw P1@1.50 Ea 3,150.00 54.40 — 3,204.40
120 gallon, 18 kw P1@2.00 Ea 3,220.00 72.50 — 3,292.50
120 gallon, 36 kw P1@2.00 Ea 3,330.00 72.50 — 3,402.50
120 gallon, 54 kw P1@2.00 Ea 3,940.00 72.50 — 4,012.50
120 gallon, 63 kw P1@2.00 Ea 4,250.00 72.50 — 4,322.50
Gas-fired domestic hot water heater (residential). Set in place only,

Make additional allowances for pipe and combustion venting connections. (See
below)
30 gallon P1@1.00 Ea 476.00 36.20 — 512.20
40 gallon P1@1.00 Ea 769.00 36.20 — 805.20
50 gallon P1@1.50 Ea 874.00 54.40 — 928.40
19
Domestic Hot Water Heaters
Gas-fired domestic hot water heater (commercial), standard

efficiency. Set in place only, Make additional allowances for pipe and
combustion venting connections. (See below)
50 gal./ 95 gph P1@2.00 Ea 2,240.00 72.50 — 2,312.50
67 gal./106 gph P1@2.00 Ea 2,650.00 72.50 — 2,722.50
76 gal./175 gph P1@2.00 Ea 3,550.00 72.50 — 3,622.50
91 gal./291 gph P1@2.00 Ea 4,280.00 72.50 — 4,352.50
Gas-fired domestic hot water heater (commercial), energy miser. Set

in place only, Make additional allowances for pipe and combustion venting
connections. (See below)
50 gal./ 95 gph P1@2.00 Ea 5,270.00 72.50 — 5,342.50
67 gal./106 gph P1@2.00 Ea 5,510.00 72.50 — 5,582.50
76 gal./175 gph P1@2.00 Ea 6,830.00 72.50 — 6,902.50
91 gal./291 gph P1@2.00 Ea 8,120.00 72.50 — 8,192.50
Tankless natural gas water heaters. Ambient pressure. DOE and UL rated.
For residential, multi-dwelling and light commercial potable water applications.
Add the cost of piping, tempering valve, circulating pump, controls, and electrical
connection, post-installation inspection by both the fire marshal and the
mechanical inspector to validate federal, state and local energy tax credits or
energy tax credit offsets. For larger arrays (laundries, institutional facilities, food
processing plants), develop an estimate based on the required capacity and
multiply these costs by the number of heaters required. Rated in Btus and
gallons per minute capacity. (1 Mbh = 1,000 Btus)
19.5-140 Mbh,
.75-5.8 Gpm P1@16.0 Ea 1,830.00 580.00 — 2,410.00
11-199 Mbh,
.5-7 Gpm P1@20.0 Ea 2,160.00 725.00 — 2,885.00
25-235 Mbh
.75-9.6 Gpm P1@20.0 Ea 2,160.00 725.00 — 2,885.00
Tankless electric point-of-use water heaters. Ambient pressure, DOE and

UL rated. For residential, multi-dwelling and light commercial potable water
applications. Cost does not include piping, tempering valve, circulating pump,
controls, storage tank, electrical connection. Add the cost of post-installation
inspection by the mechanical inspector to validate federal, state and local energy
tax credits or energy tax credit offsets. In rated gallons per minute capacity.
5.5 Kw/40 Amp,
.75-2 Gpm P1@4.00 Ea 461.00 145.00 — 606.00
9.5 Kw/50 Amp
.75-2.5 Gpm P1@4.25 Ea 547.00 154.00 — 701.00
19 Kw/100 Amp
1-3.5 Gpm P1@4.50 Ea 909.00 163.00 — 1,072.00
28 Kw/120 Amp
1.5-5 Gpm P1@4.75 Ea 1,660.00 172.00 — 1,832.00
20
Domestic Hot Water Heater Connections
Domestic hot water heater connection assembly. Includes supply, return,

recirculation and relief piping and fittings (copper), relief and isolation valves.
Make additional allowances for gas and venting connections where applicable.
¾" residential P1@1.75 Ea 313.00 63.40 — 376.40
¾" commercial P1@2.25 Ea 420.00 81.50 — 501.50
1" commercial P1@2.75 Ea 736.00 99.70 — 835.70
1¼" commercial P1@3.50 Ea 901.00 127.00 — 1,028.00
1½" commercial P1@3.75 Ea 938.00 136.00 — 1,074.00
2" commercial P1@4.50 Ea 1,000.00 163.00 — 1,163.00
2½" commercial P1@5.75 Ea 2,080.00 208.00 — 2,288.00
3" commercial P1@6.50 Ea 3,190.00 236.00 — 3,426.00
Domestic water heater combustion vent connection. Make additional

allowances for piping distances greater than 25'.
2" B-vent P1@.090 LF 6.22 3.26 — 9.48
3" B-vent P1@.100 LF 7.69 3.62 — 11.31
4" B-vent P1@.110 LF 10.20 3.99 — 14.19
6" B-vent P1@.130 LF 11.60 4.71 — 16.31
Tankless heater
vent kit P1@2.50 Ea 437.00 90.60 — 527.60
Power vent kit P1@2.00 Ea 1,120.00 72.50 — 1,192.50
21
Water Softeners and Controllers
Water softener, time clock controller. Including brine tank, brine well and
pick-up tube. Labor includes setting in place, connecting the unit to an existing
domestic water distribution system, start up and testing.
20,000 grain water softener,
TCC P1@4.50 Ea 571.00 163.00 — 734.00
TCC P1@4.50 Ea 609.00 163.00 — 772.00
TCC P1@4.50 Ea 677.00 163.00 — 840.00
TCC P1@4.75 Ea 764.00 172.00 — 936.00
TCC P1@4.75 Ea 903.00 172.00 — 1,075.00
TCC P1@5.00 Ea 969.00 181.00 — 1,150.00
TCC P1@5.50 Ea 1,310.00 199.00 — 1,509.00
TCC P1@5.75 Ea 1,410.00 208.00 — 1,618.00
Water softener, mechanically-metered controller. Including brine tank,

brine well and pick up tube. Labor includes setting in place, connecting the unit to
an existing domestic water distribution system, start up and testing.
MMC P1@4.50 Ea 742.00 163.00 — 905.00
MMC P1@4.50 Ea 775.00 163.00 — 938.00
MMC P1@4.50 Ea 843.00 163.00 — 1,006.00
MMC P1@4.75 Ea 929.00 172.00 — 1,101.00
MMC P1@4.75 Ea 1,090.00 172.00 — 1,262.00
MMC P1@5.00 Ea 1,160.00 181.00 — 1,341.00
MMC P1@5.50 Ea 1,490.00 199.00 — 1,689.00
MMC P1@5.75 Ea 1,590.00 208.00 — 1,798.00
22
Water Softeners and Controllers
Water softener, electronically-metered controller. Including brine tank,

brine well and pick up tube. Labor includes setting in place, connecting the unit to
an existing domestic water distribution system, start up and testing.
EMC P1@4.50 Ea 787.00 163.00 — 950.00
EMC P1@4.50 Ea 810.00 163.00 — 973.00
EMC P1@4.50 Ea 889.00 163.00 — 1,052.00
EMC P1@4.75 Ea 974.00 172.00 — 1,146.00
EMC P1@4.75 Ea 1,140.00 172.00 — 1,312.00
EMC P1@5.00 Ea 1,200.00 181.00 — 1,381.00
EMC P1@5.50 Ea 1,530.00 199.00 — 1,729.00
EMC P1@5.75 Ea 1,630.00 208.00 — 1,838.00
Water softener accessories

By-pass valve P1@.400 Ea 75.80 14.50 — 90.30
Manifold
adapter kit P1@.200 Ea 20.40 7.25 — 27.65
Turbulator P1@.400 Ea 37.40 14.50 — 51.90
Iron filter, electronically-metered controller. Manganese green sand filter.

Labor includes setting in place, connecting the unit to an existing domestic water
distribution system, start-up and testing.
42,000 iron filter (1.5 cf media),
5 gpm P1@4.00 Ea 744.00 145.00 — 889.00
6 gpm P1@4.50 Ea 880.00 163.00 — 1,043.00
8 gpm P1@4.75 Ea 940.00 172.00 — 1,112.00
Replacement green sand
media P1@1.20 CF 43.10 43.50 — 86.60
Iron filter accessories

By-pass valve P1@.400 Ea 75.80 14.50 — 90.30
Air vent P1@.200 Ea 60.10 7.25 — 67.35
Air controller P1@.400 Ea 67.90 14.50 — 82.40
23
Water Softener Accessories
Combination iron filter/water softener. Zeolite resins soften water and

remove iron and manganese. Controller automatically controls PH level. Labor
includes setting in place, connecting the unit to an existing domestic water
distribution system, start-up and testing.
40,000 iron filter,
1.3 cf media P1@4.00 Ea 1,440.00 145.00 — 1,585.00
60,000 iron filter,
1.7 cf media P1@4.50 Ea 1,560.00 163.00 — 1,723.00
80,000 iron filter,
2.5 cf media P1@4.75 Ea 2,260.00 172.00 — 2,432.00
Hot water softener, time clock controller. Brass valve construction.

Designed for 150 F. maximum operating temperature. Includes brine tank, brine
well and pick-up tube. Labor includes setting in place, connecting the unit to an
existing domestic water distribution system, start-up and testing.
20,000 grain hot water
softener P1@4.50 Ea 1,810.00 163.00 — 1,973.00
softener P1@4.50 Ea 1,920.00 163.00 — 2,083.00
softener P1@4.50 Ea 2,000.00 163.00 — 2,163.00
softener P1@4.75 Ea 2,370.00 172.00 — 2,542.00
Pressure tank, fiberglass wound. Labor includes setting in place,

connecting the tank to a domestic water distribution system and testing.
Fiberglass pressure tank,
20 gallon P1@2.00 Ea 240.00 72.50 — 312.50
30 gallon P1@2.00 Ea 270.00 72.50 — 342.50
80 gallon P1@2.75 Ea 438.00 99.70 — 537.70
120 gallon P1@3.50 Ea 578.00 127.00 — 705.00
Brass tank tee assembly,
¾" P1@3.50 Ea 33.60 127.00 — 160.60
1" P1@3.50 Ea 62.70 127.00 — 189.70
1¼" P1@3.50 Ea 107.00 127.00 — 234.00
24
Copper, Type M with Brazed Joints
Hanger with swivel assembly

½" P1@.250 Ea 3.84 9.06 — 12.90
¾" P1@.250 Ea 4.25 9.06 — 13.31
1" P1@.250 Ea 4.45 9.06 — 13.51
1¼" P1@.300 Ea 4.56 10.90 — 15.46
1½" P1@.300 Ea 4.90 10.90 — 15.80
2" P1@.300 Ea 5.12 10.90 — 16.02
2½" P1@.350 Ea 6.96 12.70 — 19.66
3" P1@.350 Ea 8.61 12.70 — 21.31
4" P1@.350 Ea 9.44 12.70 — 22.14
Riser clamp
½" P1@.100 Ea 2.48 3.62 — 6.10
¾" P1@.100 Ea 3.65 3.62 — 7.27
1" P1@.100 Ea 3.69 3.62 — 7.31
1¼" P1@.105 Ea 4.45 3.81 — 8.26
1½" P1@.110 Ea 4.70 3.99 — 8.69
2" P1@.115 Ea 4.97 4.17 — 9.14
2½" P1@.120 Ea 5.24 4.35 — 9.59
3" P1@.120 Ea 5.67 4.35 — 10.02
4" P1@.125 Ea 7.22 4.53 — 11.75
79
Copper, Type M with Soft-Soldered Joints
Type M hard-drawn copper pipe with wrought copper fittings and soft-soldered joints is used in a wide
variety of plumbing and HVAC systems such as potable water, heating hot water, chilled water, and A.C.
condensate.
Soft-soldered joints are those made with solders having melting points in the 350 degree F. to 500
degree F. range. Maximum working pressure/temperature relationships for soft-soldered joints are
approximately as follows:
Maximum Working Pressures (PSIG)*

Water
Soft-solder Temperature Nominal Pipe Size (inches)
Type (degrees F.) Up to 1 1¼ to 2 2½ x 4
100 200 175 150
50-50 150 150 125 100
tin-lead** 200 100 90 75
250 85 75 50
100 500 400 300
95-5 150 400 350 275
tin-antimony 200 300 250 200
250 200 175 150
*For copper pipe and solder-type fittings using soft-solders melting at approximately
350 degrees F. to 500 degrees F.
**The use of any solder containing lead is not allowed in potable water systems.
This section has been arranged to save the estimator’s time by including all normally-used system
components such as pipe, fittings, valves, hanger assemblies, riser clamps and miscellaneous items
under one heading. Additional items can be found under “Plumbing and Piping Specialties.” The cost
estimates in this section are based on the conditions, limitations and wage rates described in the section
“How to Use This Book” beginning on page 5.
Type M copper pipe with soft-soldered joints installed horizontally.

Complete installation including six to twelve wrought copper tees and six to twelve
wrought copper elbows every 100', and hangers spaced to meet plumbing
code (a tee & elbow every 8.3' for ½" dia., a tee and elbow every 16.6' for 4" dia.).
½" P1@.110 LF 2.02 3.99 — 6.01
¾" P1@.120 LF 3.12 4.35 — 7.47
1" P1@.140 LF 6.48 5.07 — 11.55
1¼" P1@.160 LF 10.90 5.80 — 16.70
1½" P1@.180 LF 12.90 6.52 — 19.42
2" P1@.210 LF 27.10 7.61 — 34.71
2½" P1@.240 LF 39.70 8.70 — 48.40
3" P1@.270 LF 49.80 9.78 — 59.58
4" P1@.312 LF 73.40 11.30 — 84.70
80
Type M copper pipe with soft-soldered joints, installed risers.

Complete installation including a wrought copper reducing tee every floor and a
riser clamp every other floor.
½" P1@.060 LF 1.71 2.17 — 3.88
¾" P1@.070 LF 2.77 2.54 — 5.31
1" P1@.075 LF 5.42 2.72 — 8.14
1¼" P1@.080 LF 8.00 2.90 — 10.90
1½" P1@.100 LF 10.50 3.62 — 14.12
2" P1@.130 LF 14.00 4.71 — 18.71
2½" P1@.150 LF 30.40 5.44 — 35.84
3" P1@.170 LF 37.20 6.16 — 43.36
4" P1@.190 LF 55.30 6.89 — 62.19
Type M copper pipe with soft-soldered joints, pipe only

½" P1@.032 LF 1.21 1.16 — 2.37
¾" P1@.035 LF 1.98 1.27 — 3.25
1" P1@.038 LF 3.10 1.38 — 4.48
1¼" P1@.042 LF 4.65 1.52 — 6.17
1½" P1@.046 LF 6.51 1.67 — 8.18
2" P1@.053 LF 12.00 1.92 — 13.92
2½" P1@.060 LF 16.60 2.17 — 18.77
3" P1@.066 LF 20.80 2.39 — 23.19
4" P1@.080 LF 33.40 2.90 — 36.30
Type M copper 45-degree ell C x C with soft-soldered joints

½" P1@.107 Ea 1.01 3.88 — 4.89
¾" P1@.150 Ea 1.73 5.44 — 7.17
1" P1@.193 Ea 5.65 6.99 — 12.64
1¼" P1@.236 Ea 6.37 8.55 — 14.92
1½" P1@.278 Ea 11.40 10.10 — 21.50
2" P1@.371 Ea 18.00 13.40 — 31.40
2½" P1@.457 Ea 46.00 16.60 — 62.60
3" P1@.543 Ea 60.90 19.70 — 80.60
4" P1@.714 Ea 117.00 25.90 — 142.90
Type M copper 90-degree ell C x C with soft-soldered joints

½" P1@.107 Ea .54 3.88 — 4.42
¾" P1@.150 Ea 1.13 5.44 — 6.57
1" P1@.193 Ea 4.30 6.99 — 11.29
1¼" P1@.236 Ea 6.97 8.55 — 15.52
1½" P1@.278 Ea 10.50 10.10 — 20.60
2" P1@.371 Ea 18.30 13.40 — 31.70
2½" P1@.457 Ea 38.10 16.60 — 54.70
3" P1@.543 Ea 48.20 19.70 — 67.90
4" P1@.714 Ea 102.00 25.90 — 127.90
81
Type M copper 90-degree ell ftg. x C with soft-soldered joint

½" P1@.107 Ea .94 3.88 — 4.82
¾" P1@.150 Ea 2.04 5.44 — 7.48
1" P1@.193 Ea 6.11 6.99 — 13.10
1¼" P1@.236 Ea 8.50 8.55 — 17.05
1½" P1@.278 Ea 12.60 10.10 — 22.70
2" P1@.371 Ea 24.80 13.40 — 38.20
2½" P1@.457 Ea 51.80 16.60 — 68.40
3" P1@.543 Ea 58.30 19.70 — 78.00
4" P1@.714 Ea 117.00 25.90 — 142.90
Type M copper tee C x C x C with soft-soldered joints

½" P1@.129 Ea .91 4.67 — 5.58
¾" P1@.181 Ea 2.45 6.56 — 9.01
1" P1@.233 Ea 10.10 8.44 — 18.54
1¼" P1@.285 Ea 16.10 10.30 — 26.40
1½" P1@.337 Ea 23.50 12.20 — 35.70
2" P1@.449 Ea 36.30 16.30 — 52.60
2½" P1@.552 Ea 73.60 20.00 — 93.60
3" P1@.656 Ea 114.00 23.80 — 137.80
4" P1@.863 Ea 142.00 31.30 — 173.30
Type M copper branch reducing tee C x C x C with soft-soldered joints

½" x 3/8" P1@.129 Ea 2.02 4.67 — 6.69
¾" x ½" P1@.182 Ea 4.29 6.60 — 10.89
1" x ½" P1@.195 Ea 8.41 7.07 — 15.48
1" x ¾" P1@.219 Ea 8.41 7.94 — 16.35
1¼" x ½" P1@.225 Ea 12.70 8.15 — 20.85
1¼" x ¾" P1@.247 Ea 12.70 8.95 — 21.65
1¼" x 1" P1@.268 Ea 12.70 9.71 — 22.41
1½" x ½" P1@.272 Ea 15.70 9.86 — 25.56
1½" x ¾" P1@.287 Ea 15.70 10.40 — 26.10
1½" x 1" P1@.302 Ea 15.70 10.90 — 26.60
1½" x 1¼" P1@.317 Ea 15.70 11.50 — 27.20
2" x ½" P1@.325 Ea 20.40 11.80 — 32.20
2" x ¾" P1@.348 Ea 20.40 12.60 — 33.00
2" x 1" P1@.373 Ea 20.40 13.50 — 33.90
2" x 1¼" P1@.398 Ea 20.40 14.40 — 34.80
2" x 1½" P1@.422 Ea 20.40 15.30 — 35.70
2½" x ½" P1@.437 Ea 61.40 15.80 — 77.20
2½" x ¾" P1@.453 Ea 61.40 16.40 — 77.80
2½" x 1" P1@.469 Ea 61.40 17.00 — 78.40
2½" x 1½" P1@.502 Ea 61.40 18.20 — 79.60
2½" x 2" P1@.519 Ea 61.40 18.80 — 80.20
3" x 1¼" P1@.525 Ea 69.40 19.00 — 88.40
3" x 2" P1@.585 Ea 71.90 21.20 — 93.10
3" x 2½" P1@.617 Ea 71.90 22.40 — 94.30
4" x 1¼" P1@.625 Ea 125.00 22.70 — 147.70
4" x 1½" P1@.671 Ea 125.00 24.30 — 149.30
4" x 2" P1@.718 Ea 125.00 26.00 — 151.00
4" x 2½" P1@.765 Ea 125.00 27.70 — 152.70
4" x 3" P1@.811 Ea 125.00 29.40 — 154.40
82
Type M copper reducer with soft-soldered joints

½" x 3/8" P1@.124 Ea .73 4.49 — 5.22
¾" x ½" P1@.129 Ea 1.37 4.67 — 6.04
1" x ¾" P1@.172 Ea 2.46 6.23 — 8.69
1¼" x ½" P1@.172 Ea 4.13 6.23 — 10.36
1¼" x ¾" P1@.193 Ea 4.13 6.99 — 11.12
1¼" x 1" P1@.215 Ea 4.13 7.79 — 11.92
1½" x ½" P1@.193 Ea 6.32 6.99 — 13.31
1½" x ¾" P1@.214 Ea 6.32 7.76 — 14.08
1½" x 1" P1@.236 Ea 6.32 8.55 — 14.87
1½" x 1¼" P1@.257 Ea 6.32 9.31 — 15.63
2" x ½" P1@.239 Ea 9.50 8.66 — 18.16
2" x ¾" P1@.261 Ea 9.50 9.46 — 18.96
2" x 1" P1@.282 Ea 9.50 10.20 — 19.70
2" x 1¼" P1@.304 Ea 9.50 11.00 — 20.50
2" x 1½" P1@.325 Ea 9.50 11.80 — 21.30
2½" x 1" P1@.325 Ea 25.90 11.80 — 37.70
2½" x 1¼" P1@.347 Ea 25.90 12.60 — 38.50
2½" x 1½" P1@.368 Ea 25.90 13.30 — 39.20
2½" x 2" P1@.414 Ea 25.90 15.00 — 40.90
3" x 2" P1@.457 Ea 30.20 16.60 — 46.80
3" x 2½" P1@.500 Ea 30.20 18.10 — 48.30
4" x 2" P1@.543 Ea 58.30 19.70 — 78.00
4" x 2½" P1@.586 Ea 58.30 21.20 — 79.50
4" x 3" P1@.629 Ea 58.30 22.80 — 81.10
Type M copper adapter C x MPT with soft-soldered joint

½" P1@.075 Ea 1.79 2.72 — 4.51
¾" P1@.105 Ea 2.81 3.81 — 6.62
1" P1@.134 Ea 6.97 4.86 — 11.83
1¼" P1@.164 Ea 13.00 5.94 — 18.94
1½" P1@.194 Ea 14.60 7.03 — 21.63
2" P1@.259 Ea 18.30 9.39 — 27.69
2½" P1@.319 Ea 59.30 11.60 — 70.90
3" P1@.378 Ea 98.40 13.70 — 112.10
Type M copper adapter C x FPT with soft-soldered joint

½" P1@.075 Ea 2.99 2.72 — 5.71
¾" P1@.105 Ea 5.41 3.81 — 9.22
1" P1@.134 Ea 8.18 4.86 — 13.04
1¼" P1@.164 Ea 17.20 5.94 — 23.14
1½" P1@.194 Ea 20.70 7.03 — 27.73
2" P1@.259 Ea 30.90 9.39 — 40.29
2½" P1@.319 Ea 77.90 11.60 — 89.50
3" P1@.378 Ea 107.00 13.70 — 120.70
83
Type M copper flush bushing with soft-soldered joints

½" x 3/8" P1@.124 Ea 1.82 4.49 — 6.31
¾" x ½" P1@.129 Ea 3.10 4.67 — 7.77
1" x ¾" P1@.172 Ea 8.04 6.23 — 14.27
1" x ½" P1@.172 Ea 9.17 6.23 — 15.40
1¼" x 1" P1@.215 Ea 9.53 7.79 — 17.32
1½" x 1¼" P1@.257 Ea 12.10 9.31 — 21.41
2" x 1½" P1@.325 Ea 22.10 11.80 — 33.90
Type M copper union with soft-soldered joint

½" P1@.121 Ea 7.29 4.39 — 11.68
¾" P1@.170 Ea 8.71 6.16 — 14.87
1" P1@.218 Ea 19.50 7.90 — 27.40
1¼" P1@.267 Ea 35.50 9.68 — 45.18
1½" P1@.315 Ea 43.60 11.40 — 55.00
2" P1@.421 Ea 63.00 15.30 — 78.30
Type M copper dielectric union with soft-soldered joint

½" P1@.121 Ea 6.83 4.39 — 11.22
¾" P1@.170 Ea 6.83 6.16 — 12.99
1" P1@.218 Ea 14.10 7.90 — 22.00
1¼" P1@.267 Ea 24.10 9.68 — 33.78
1½" P1@.315 Ea 33.20 11.40 — 44.60
2" P1@.421 Ea 44.30 15.30 — 59.60
Type M copper cap with soft-soldered joint

½" P1@.069 Ea .60 2.50 — 3.10
¾" P1@.096 Ea 1.21 3.48 — 4.69
1" P1@.124 Ea 2.74 4.49 — 7.23
1¼" P1@.151 Ea 3.94 5.47 — 9.41
1½" P1@.178 Ea 5.74 6.45 — 12.19
2" P1@.237 Ea 10.00 8.59 — 18.59
2½" P1@.292 Ea 25.40 10.60 — 36.00
3" P1@.347 Ea 39.70 12.60 — 52.30
4" P1@.457 Ea 61.00 16.60 — 77.60
Type M copper coupling with soft-soldered joints

½" P1@.107 Ea .38 3.88 — 4.26
¾" P1@.150 Ea .96 5.44 — 6.40
1" P1@.193 Ea 2.60 6.99 — 9.59
1¼" P1@.236 Ea 4.54 8.55 — 13.09
1½" P1@.278 Ea 6.56 10.10 — 16.66
2" P1@.371 Ea 9.65 13.40 — 23.05
2½" P1@.457 Ea 22.80 16.60 — 39.40
3" P1@.543 Ea 34.70 19.70 — 54.40
4" P1@.714 Ea 68.00 25.90 — 93.90
84
Class 125 bronze body gate valve with soft-soldered joints

½" P1@.200 Ea 18.10 7.25 — 25.35
¾" P1@.249 Ea 22.60 9.02 — 31.62
1" P1@.299 Ea 31.80 10.80 — 42.60
1¼" P1@.398 Ea 40.00 14.40 — 54.40
1½" P1@.448 Ea 53.90 16.20 — 70.10
2" P1@.498 Ea 90.20 18.00 — 108.20
2½" P1@.830 Ea 149.00 30.10 — 179.10
3" P1@1.24 Ea 214.00 44.90 — 258.90
Class 125 iron body gate valve with flanged ends

2" P1@.500 Ea 345.00 18.10 — 363.10
2½" P1@.600 Ea 466.00 21.70 — 487.70
3" P1@.750 Ea 505.00 27.20 — 532.20
4" P1@1.35 Ea 741.00 48.90 — 789.90
5" P1@2.00 Ea 1,410.00 72.50 — 1,482.50
6" P1@2.50 Ea 1,410.00 90.60 — 1,500.60
Class 125 bronze body globe valve with soft-soldered joints

½" P1@.200 Ea 33.50 7.25 — 40.75
¾" P1@.249 Ea 44.60 9.02 — 53.62
1" P1@.299 Ea 76.80 10.80 — 87.60
1¼" P1@.398 Ea 108.00 14.40 — 122.40
1½" P1@.448 Ea 146.00 16.20 — 162.20
2" P1@.498 Ea 237.00 18.00 — 255.00
Class 125 iron body globe valve with flanged ends

2½" P1@.600 Ea 391.00 21.70 — 412.70
3" P1@.750 Ea 469.00 27.20 — 496.20
4" P1@1.35 Ea 629.00 48.90 — 677.90
200 PSIG iron body butterfly valve, lug-type, lever operated

2" P1@.450 Ea 152.00 16.30 — 168.30
2½" P1@.450 Ea 157.00 16.30 — 173.30
3" P1@.550 Ea 165.00 19.90 — 184.90
4" P1@.550 Ea 206.00 19.90 — 225.90
200 PSIG iron body butterfly valve, wafer-type, lever operated

2" P1@.450 Ea 138.00 16.30 — 154.30
2½" P1@.450 Ea 141.00 16.30 — 157.30
3" P1@.550 Ea 152.00 19.90 — 171.90
4" P1@.550 Ea 184.00 19.90 — 203.90
85
Class 125 bronze body 2-piece ball valve with soft-soldered joints
½" P1@.200 Ea 9.24 7.25 — 16.49
¾" P1@.249 Ea 12.20 9.02 — 21.22
1" P1@.299 Ea 21.30 10.80 — 32.10
1¼" P1@.398 Ea 35.40 14.40 — 49.80
1½" P1@.448 Ea 47.80 16.20 — 64.00
2" P1@.498 Ea 60.70 18.00 — 78.70
3" P1@1.24 Ea 415.00 44.90 — 459.90
4" P1@1.45 Ea 543.00 52.50 — 595.50
Class 125 bronze body swing check valve with soft-soldered joints
½" P1@.200 Ea 19.40 7.25 — 26.65
¾" P1@.249 Ea 27.80 9.02 — 36.82
1" P1@.299 Ea 36.30 10.80 — 47.10
1¼" P1@.398 Ea 51.80 14.40 — 66.20
1½" P1@.448 Ea 73.00 16.20 — 89.20
2" P1@.498 Ea 121.00 18.00 — 139.00
2½" P1@.830 Ea 244.00 30.10 — 274.10
3" P1@1.24 Ea 350.00 44.90 — 394.90
Class 125 iron body swing check valve, flanged ends

2" P1@.500 Ea 170.00 18.10 — 188.10
2½" P1@.600 Ea 215.00 21.70 — 236.70
3" P1@.750 Ea 268.00 27.20 — 295.20
4" P1@1.35 Ea 394.00 48.90 — 442.90
Class 125 iron body silent check valve, wafer-type

2" P1@.500 Ea 124.00 18.10 — 142.10
2½" P1@.600 Ea 138.00 21.70 — 159.70
3" P1@.750 Ea 159.00 27.20 — 186.20
4" P1@1.35 Ea 212.00 48.90 — 260.90
Class 125 bronze body strainer, threaded ends

½" P1@.230 Ea 29.80 8.34 — 38.14
¾" P1@.260 Ea 39.30 9.42 — 48.72
1" P1@.330 Ea 48.10 12.00 — 60.10
1¼" P1@.440 Ea 67.30 15.90 — 83.20
1½" P1@.495 Ea 101.00 17.90 — 118.90
2" P1@.550 Ea 176.00 19.90 — 195.90
Class 125 iron body strainer, flanged ends

2" P1@.500 Ea 134.00 18.10 — 152.10
2½" P1@.600 Ea 150.00 21.70 — 171.70
3" P1@.750 Ea 174.00 27.20 — 201.20
4" P1@1.35 Ea 294.00 48.90 — 342.90
86
Installation of 2-way control valve, threaded joints

½" P1@.210 Ea — 7.61 — 7.61
¾" P1@.275 Ea — 9.97 — 9.97
1" P1@.350 Ea — 12.70 — 12.70
1¼" P1@.430 Ea — 15.60 — 15.60
1½" P1@.505 Ea — 18.30 — 18.30
2" P1@.675 Ea — 24.50 — 24.50
2½" P1@.830 Ea — 30.10 — 30.10
3" P1@.990 Ea — 35.90 — 35.90

½" P1@.260 Ea — 9.42 — 9.42
¾" P1@.365 Ea — 13.20 — 13.20
1" P1@.475 Ea — 17.20 — 17.20
1¼" P1@.575 Ea — 20.80 — 20.80
1½" P1@.680 Ea — 24.60 — 24.60
2" P1@.910 Ea — 33.00 — 33.00
2½" P1@1.12 Ea — 40.60 — 40.60
3" P1@1.33 Ea — 48.20 — 48.20
Companion flange, 150 pound cast brass

2" P1@.290 Ea 387.00 10.50 — 397.50
2½" P1@.380 Ea 474.00 13.80 — 487.80
3" P1@.460 Ea 474.00 16.70 — 490.70
4" P1@.600 Ea 757.00 21.70 — 778.70
Bolt and gasket sets

2" P1@.500 Ea 4.23 18.10 — 22.33
2½" P1@.650 Ea 4.71 23.60 — 28.31
3" P1@.750 Ea 8.00 27.20 — 35.20
4" P1@1.00 Ea 13.30 36.20 — 49.50
Thermometer with well

7" P1@.250 Ea 171.00 9.06 — 180.06
9" P1@.250 Ea 176.00 9.06 — 185.06
Dial-type pressure gauge

2½" P1@.200 Ea 35.70 7.25 — 42.95
3½" P1@.200 Ea 47.10 7.25 — 54.35
Pressure/temperature tap
Tap P1@.150 Ea 16.40 5.44 — 21.84
87

½" P1@.250 Ea 3.84 9.06 — 12.90
¾" P1@.250 Ea 4.25 9.06 — 13.31
1" P1@.250 Ea 4.45 9.06 — 13.51
1¼" P1@.300 Ea 4.56 10.90 — 15.46
1½" P1@.300 Ea 4.90 10.90 — 15.80
2" P1@.300 Ea 5.12 10.90 — 16.02
2½" P1@.350 Ea 6.96 12.70 — 19.66
3" P1@.350 Ea 8.61 12.70 — 21.31
4" P1@.350 Ea 9.44 12.70 — 22.14
Riser clamp
½" P1@.100 Ea 2.48 3.62 — 6.10
¾" P1@.100 Ea 3.65 3.62 — 7.27
1" P1@.100 Ea 3.69 3.62 — 7.31
1¼" P1@.105 Ea 4.45 3.81 — 8.26
1½" P1@.110 Ea 4.70 3.99 — 8.69
2" P1@.115 Ea 4.97 4.17 — 9.14
2½" P1@.120 Ea 5.24 4.35 — 9.59
3" P1@.120 Ea 5.67 4.35 — 10.02
4" P1@.125 Ea 7.22 4.53 — 11.75
88
Copper, Type K & L with Roll-Grooved Joints
Hard drawn rigid copper roll-grooved pipe with factory grooved copper fittings is commonly used for
domestic or potable water distribution systems.
Maximum operating pressure for fittings is 300 psi (2065kPa). Operating temperature for fittings
ranges from −30 F. to 250 F. (−34 C. – 121 C.).
Consult manufacturer for pipe pressure and temperature ratings and for the various combinations of
pipe, fittings and system applications.
The cost estimates in this section are based on the conditions, limitations and wage rates described in
the section “How to Use This Book” beginning on page 5.
Type K Copper pipe only, roll-grooved, no hangers or fittings

2" P1@.080 LF 15.80 2.90 — 18.70
2½" P1@.090 LF 23.00 3.26 — 26.26
3" P1@.105 LF 31.20 3.81 — 35.01
4" P1@.145 LF 48.70 5.25 — 53.95
6" P1@.195 LF 74.50 7.07 — 81.57
Type L Copper pipe only, roll-grooved, no hangers or fittings

2" P1@.070 LF 14.30 2.54 — 16.84
2½" P1@.070 LF 20.70 2.54 — 23.24
3" P1@.090 LF 28.00 3.26 — 31.26
4" P1@.130 LF 43.70 4.71 — 48.41
6" P1@.180 LF 67.00 6.52 — 73.52
90-degree copper elbow, roll-grooved, style #610, (Victaulic)

2" P1@.410 Ea 84.90 14.90 — 99.80
2½" P1@.430 Ea 93.40 15.60 — 109.00
3" P1@.500 Ea 131.00 18.10 — 149.10
4" P1@.690 Ea 281.00 25.00 — 306.00
6" P1@1.19 Ea 1,660.00 43.10 — 1,703.10
45-degree copper elbow, roll-grooved, style #611, (Victaulic)

2" P1@.410 Ea 74.70 14.90 — 89.60
2½" P1@.430 Ea 81.30 15.60 — 96.90
3" P1@.500 Ea 111.00 18.10 — 129.10
4" P1@.690 Ea 257.00 25.00 — 282.00
6" P1@1.19 Ea 1,410.00 43.10 — 1,453.10
Tee, copper, roll-grooved, style #620, (Victaulic)

2" P1@.510 Ea 144.00 18.50 — 162.50
2½" P1@.540 Ea 153.00 19.60 — 172.60
3" P1@.630 Ea 230.00 22.80 — 252.80
4" P1@.860 Ea 509.00 31.20 — 540.20
6" P1@1.49 Ea 1,890.00 54.00 — 1,944.00
89
Copper, Type K & L with Roll-Grooved Joints
Reducing tee, copper, roll-grooved, style #625, (Victaulic)

2½" x 2" P1@.540 Ea 236.00 19.60 — 255.60
3" x 2½" P1@.630 Ea 253.00 22.80 — 275.80
4" x 3” P1@.860 Ea 593.00 31.20 — 624.20
Reducing tee, copper, roll-grooved, style #626, (Victaulic)

2½" x 1" P1@.500 Ea 299.00 18.10 — 317.10
2½" x 1½" P1@.520 Ea 299.00 18.80 — 317.80
3" x 1½" P1@.600 Ea 316.00 21.70 — 337.70
Reducer, copper, roll-grooved, style #650, (Victaulic)

2½" x 2" P1@.430 Ea 126.00 15.60 — 141.60
3" x 2” P1@.500 Ea 126.00 18.10 — 144.10
3" x 2½" P1@.520 Ea 126.00 18.80 — 144.80
4" x 2" P1@.690 Ea 248.00 25.00 — 273.00
4" x 3" P1@.720 Ea 248.00 26.10 — 274.10
6" x 3" P1@1.20 Ea 860.00 43.50 — 903.50
Roll-grooved copper coupling with gasket, style #650, (Victaulic)

2" P1@.300 Ea 41.70 10.90 — 52.60
2½" P1@.350 Ea 47.10 12.70 — 59.80
3" P1@.400 Ea 50.90 14.50 — 65.40
4" P1@.500 Ea 65.50 18.10 — 83.60
5" P1@.600 Ea 132.00 21.70 — 153.70
6" P1@.700 Ea 151.00 25.40 — 176.40
8" P1@.900 Ea 234.00 32.60 — 266.60
10" P1@1.10 Ea 346.00 39.90 — 385.90
12" P1@1.35 Ea 518.00 48.90 — 566.90
Flange adapter, copper, roll-grooved, style #641, (Victaulic)

2½" P1@.300 Ea 250.00 10.90 — 260.90
3" P1@.400 Ea 267.00 14.50 — 281.50
4" P1@.550 Ea 367.00 19.90 — 386.90
Butterfly valve, brass, roll-grooved, lever handle, style #608,

(Victaulic)
2½" P1@.450 Ea 856.00 16.30 — 872.30
3" P1@.450 Ea 1,100.00 16.30 — 1,116.30
4" P1@.550 Ea 1,480.00 19.90 — 1,499.90
90
PVC, Schedule 40, with Solvent-Weld Joints
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) Schedule 40 pipe with Schedule 40 socket-type fittings and solvent-welded
joints is widely used in process, chemical, A.C. condensate, potable water and irrigation piping systems.
PVC is available in Type I (normal impact) and Type II (high impact). Type I has a maximum temperature
rating of 150 degrees F., and Type II is rated at 140 degrees F.
Consult the manufacturers for maximum pressure ratings and recommended joint solvents for specific
applications.
Because of the current unreliability of many plastic valves, most engineers specify standard bronze-
body and iron-body valves for use in PVC water piping systems. Plastic valves, however, have to be used
in systems conveying liquids that may be injurious to metallic valves.
This section has been arranged to save the estimator’s time by including all normally-used system
components such as pipe, fittings, valves, hanger assemblies, riser clamps and miscellaneous items
under one heading. Additional items can be found under “Plumbing and Piping Specialties.” The cost
estimates in this section are based on the conditions, limitations and wage rates described in the section
“How to Use This Book” beginning on page 5.
Equipment cost, where shown, is $110 per hour for a 10-ton hydraulic truck-mounted crane.
Schedule 40 PVC pipe assembly with solvent-weld joints installed

horizontally. Complete installation including three to eight tees and three to
eight elbows every 100' and hangers spaced to meet plumbing code (a tee and
elbow every 12' for 1/2" dia., a tee and elbow every 40' for 8" dia.).
½" P1@.084 LF 1.55 3.04 — 4.59
¾" P1@.091 LF 1.86 3.30 — 5.16
1" P1@.099 LF 1.94 3.59 — 5.53
1¼" P1@.114 LF 2.03 4.13 — 6.16
1½" P1@.121 LF 2.31 4.39 — 6.70
2" P1@.130 LF 2.84 4.71 — 7.55
2½" P1@.134 LF 4.60 4.86 — 9.46
3" P1@.146 LF 7.21 5.29 — 12.50
4" P1@.177 LF 9.14 6.41 — 15.55
6" P1@.231 LF 15.30 8.37 — 23.67
8" P1@.236 LF 27.10 8.55 — 35.65
Schedule 40 PVC pipe assembly with solvent-weld joints, installed

risers. Complete installation including a reducing tee every floor and a riser
clamp every other.
½" P1@.040 LF .75 1.45 — 2.20
¾" P1@.047 LF .99 1.70 — 2.69
1" P1@.052 LF 1.25 1.88 — 3.13
1¼" P1@.061 LF 1.58 2.21 — 3.79
1½" P1@.069 LF 1.94 2.50 — 4.44
2" P1@.077 LF 2.55 2.79 — 5.34
2½" P1@.088 LF 4.05 3.19 — 7.24
3" P1@.099 LF 6.15 3.59 — 9.74
4" P1@.125 LF 7.91 4.53 — 12.44
6" P1@.202 LF 16.60 7.32 — 23.92
8" P1@.266 LF 30.60 9.64 — 40.24
91
Schedule 80 PVC reducing bushing SPIG x S with solvent-weld joints

¾" x ½" P1@.053 Ea .91 1.92 — 2.83
1" x ½" P1@.063 Ea 2.59 2.28 — 4.87
1" x ¾" P1@.063 Ea 2.59 2.28 — 4.87
1¼" x ½" P1@.084 Ea 4.15 3.04 — 7.19
1¼" x ¾" P1@.084 Ea 4.15 3.04 — 7.19
1¼" x 1" P1@.084 Ea 4.15 3.04 — 7.19
1½" x ½" P1@.105 Ea 5.51 3.81 — 9.32
1½" x ¾" P1@.105 Ea 5.51 3.81 — 9.32
1½" x 1" P1@.105 Ea 5.51 3.81 — 9.32
1½" x 1¼" P1@.105 Ea 5.51 3.81 — 9.32
2" x 1" P1@.116 Ea 7.89 4.20 — 12.09
2" x 1¼" P1@.116 Ea 7.89 4.20 — 12.09
2" x 1½" P1@.116 Ea 7.89 4.20 — 12.09
3" x 2" P1@.158 Ea 21.80 5.73 — 27.53
4" x 2½" P1@.210 Ea 30.00 7.61 — 37.61
4" x 3" P1@.210 Ea 30.00 7.61 — 37.61
6" x 3" P1@.315 Ea 41.80 11.40 — 53.20
6" x 4" P1@.315 Ea 41.80 11.40 — 53.20
8" x 4" P1@.420 Ea 101.00 15.20 — 116.20
8" x 6" P1@.420 Ea 101.00 15.20 — 116.20
Schedule 80 PVC adapter MPT x S with solvent-weld joints

½" P1@.063 Ea 3.30 2.28 — 5.58
¾" P1@.068 Ea 3.60 2.46 — 6.06
1" P1@.074 Ea 6.19 2.68 — 8.87
1¼" P1@.105 Ea 7.32 3.81 — 11.13
1½" P1@.116 Ea 10.50 4.20 — 14.70
2" P1@.126 Ea 15.10 4.57 — 19.67
2½" P1@.158 Ea 17.50 5.73 — 23.23
3" P1@.189 Ea 19.20 6.85 — 26.05
4" P1@.252 Ea 33.90 9.13 — 43.03
5" P1@.385 Ea 47.30 14.00 — 61.30
6" P1@.435 Ea 109.00 15.80 — 124.80
Schedule 80 PVC adapter FPT x S with solvent-weld joints

½" P1@.116 Ea 2.65 4.20 — 6.85
¾" P1@.126 Ea 3.92 4.57 — 8.49
1" P1@.137 Ea 5.73 4.96 — 10.69
1¼" P1@.179 Ea 9.29 6.49 — 15.78
1½" P1@.221 Ea 11.30 8.01 — 19.31
2" P1@.305 Ea 19.80 11.10 — 30.90
2½" P1@.345 Ea 31.30 12.50 — 43.80
3" P1@.490 Ea 35.10 17.80 — 52.90
4" P1@.655 Ea 60.50 23.70 — 84.20
5" P1@.920 Ea 98.40 33.30 — 131.70
6" P1@1.10 Ea 120.00 39.90 — 159.90
104
Schedule 80 PVC cap S with solvent-weld joints

½" P1@.063 Ea 2.76 2.28 — 5.04
¾" P1@.070 Ea 2.86 2.54 — 5.40
1" P1@.075 Ea 5.10 2.72 — 7.82
1¼" P1@.105 Ea 6.19 3.81 — 10.00
1½" P1@.115 Ea 6.19 4.17 — 10.36
2" P1@.125 Ea 12.10 4.53 — 16.63
2½" P1@.158 Ea 24.70 5.73 — 30.43
3" P1@.189 Ea 29.30 6.85 — 36.15
4" P1@.250 Ea 49.50 9.06 — 58.56
5" P1@.390 Ea 102.00 14.10 — 116.10
6" P1@.450 Ea 122.00 16.30 — 138.30
Schedule 80 PVC plug MPT with solvent-weld joints

½" P1@.155 Ea 2.68 5.62 — 8.30
¾" P1@.165 Ea 2.76 5.98 — 8.74
1" P1@.190 Ea 3.38 6.89 — 10.27
1¼" P1@.220 Ea 4.97 7.97 — 12.94
1½" P1@.240 Ea 6.00 8.70 — 14.70
2" P1@.255 Ea 6.18 9.24 — 15.42
2½" P1@.275 Ea 15.50 9.97 — 25.47
3" P1@.320 Ea 20.10 11.60 — 31.70
4" P1@.425 Ea 39.20 15.40 — 54.60
Schedule 80 PVC coupling S x S with solvent-weld joints

½" P1@.105 Ea 2.81 3.81 — 6.62
¾" P1@.120 Ea 3.77 4.35 — 8.12
1" P1@.125 Ea 3.91 4.53 — 8.44
1¼" P1@.170 Ea 5.97 6.16 — 12.13
1½" P1@.190 Ea 6.40 6.89 — 13.29
2" P1@.210 Ea 6.85 7.61 — 14.46
2½" P1@.262 Ea 16.80 9.49 — 26.29
3" P1@.315 Ea 19.40 11.40 — 30.80
4" P1@.520 Ea 24.50 18.80 — 43.30
6" P1@.630 Ea 52.20 22.80 — 75.00
8" P1@.840 Ea 71.90 30.40 — 102.30
Schedule 80 PVC union S x S with solvent-weld joints

½" P1@.125 Ea 5.65 4.53 — 10.18
¾" P1@.140 Ea 7.77 5.07 — 12.84
1" P1@.160 Ea 8.19 5.80 — 13.99
1¼" P1@.200 Ea 16.30 7.25 — 23.55
1½" P1@.225 Ea 18.50 8.15 — 26.65
2" P1@.250 Ea 25.00 9.06 — 34.06
2½" P1@.275 Ea 39.50 9.97 — 49.47
3" P1@.300 Ea 46.60 10.90 — 57.50
105
Class 125 bronze body gate valve, threaded ends

½" P1@.210 Ea 18.10 7.61 — 25.71
¾" P1@.250 Ea 22.60 9.06 — 31.66
1" P1@.300 Ea 31.80 10.90 — 42.70
1¼" P1@.400 Ea 40.00 14.50 — 54.50
1½" P1@.450 Ea 53.90 16.30 — 70.20
2" P1@.500 Ea 90.20 18.10 — 108.30
2½" P1@.750 Ea 149.00 27.20 — 176.20
3" P1@.950 Ea 214.00 34.40 — 248.40
Class 125 iron body gate valve, flanged ends

2" P1@.500 Ea 345.00 18.10 — 363.10
2½" P1@.600 Ea 466.00 21.70 — 487.70
3" P1@.750 Ea 505.00 27.20 — 532.20
4" P1@1.35 Ea 741.00 48.90 — 789.90
5" ER@2.00 Ea 1,410.00 77.80 31.40 1,519.20
6" ER@2.50 Ea 1,410.00 97.20 39.30 1,546.50
8" ER@3.00 Ea 2,330.00 117.00 47.10 2,494.10
Class 125 bronze body globe valve, threaded ends

½" P1@.210 Ea 33.50 7.61 — 41.11
¾" P1@.250 Ea 44.60 9.06 — 53.66
1" P1@.300 Ea 63.90 10.90 — 74.80
1¼" P1@.400 Ea 90.00 14.50 — 104.50
1½" P1@.450 Ea 120.00 16.30 — 136.30
2" P1@.500 Ea 196.00 18.10 — 214.10
200 PSIG iron body butterfly valve, lug-type, lever operated

2" P1@.450 Ea 152.00 16.30 — 168.30
2½" P1@.450 Ea 157.00 16.30 — 173.30
3" P1@.550 Ea 165.00 19.90 — 184.90
4" P1@.550 Ea 206.00 19.90 — 225.90
5" ER@.800 Ea 271.00 31.10 12.70 314.80
6" ER@.800 Ea 331.00 31.10 12.70 374.80
8" ER@.900 Ea 453.00 35.00 14.10 502.10
200 PSIG iron body butterfly valve, wafer-type, lever operated

2" P1@.450 Ea 138.00 16.30 — 154.30
2½" P1@.450 Ea 141.00 16.30 — 157.30
3" P1@.550 Ea 152.00 19.90 — 171.90
4" P1@.550 Ea 184.00 19.90 — 203.90
5" ER@.800 Ea 245.00 31.10 12.70 288.80
6" ER@.800 Ea 307.00 31.10 12.70 350.80
8" ER@.900 Ea 426.00 35.00 14.10 475.10
106
Class 125 bronze body 2-piece ball valve, threaded ends

½" P1@.210 Ea 9.27 7.61 — 16.88
¾" P1@.250 Ea 12.20 9.06 — 21.26
1" P1@.300 Ea 21.40 10.90 — 32.30
1¼" P1@.400 Ea 35.60 14.50 — 50.10
1½" P1@.450 Ea 48.00 16.30 — 64.30
2" P1@.500 Ea 60.90 18.10 — 79.00
3" P1@.625 Ea 416.00 22.70 — 438.70
4" P1@.690 Ea 545.00 25.00 — 570.00
PVC ball valve, solid body, solvent-weld joints, EDPM (female socket)
½" P1@.170 Ea 5.60 6.16 — 11.76
¾" P1@.200 Ea 6.33 7.25 — 13.58
1" P1@.220 Ea 9.24 7.97 — 17.21
1¼" P1@.280 Ea 10.60 10.10 — 20.70
1½" P1@.315 Ea 17.80 11.40 — 29.20
2" P1@.385 Ea 22.10 14.00 — 36.10
PVC ball valve, solid body, threaded joints, EDPM (female pipe thread)
½" P1@.200 Ea 5.60 7.25 — 12.85
¾" P1@.240 Ea 6.33 8.70 — 15.03
1" P1@.290 Ea 9.24 10.50 — 19.74
1¼" P1@.390 Ea 10.60 14.10 — 24.70
1½" P1@.420 Ea 17.80 15.20 — 33.00
2" P1@.490 Ea 22.10 17.80 — 39.90
PVC ball valve, tru-union, threaded joints, EDPM (female pipe thread)
2" P1@.490 Ea 74.70 17.80 — 92.50
2½" P1@.520 Ea 86.20 18.80 — 105.00
3" P1@.590 Ea 199.00 21.40 — 220.40
4" P1@.630 Ea 368.00 22.80 — 390.80
PVC ball valve, union-type body, solvent-weld joints (female socket)

½" P1@.185 Ea 5.60 6.70 — 12.30
¾" P1@.225 Ea 6.33 8.15 — 14.48
1" P1@.270 Ea 9.24 9.78 — 19.02
1¼" P1@.360 Ea 10.60 13.00 — 23.60
1½" P1@.400 Ea 17.80 14.50 — 32.30
2" P1@.465 Ea 22.10 16.90 — 39.00
2½" P1@.490 Ea 86.20 17.80 — 104.00
3" P1@.540 Ea 199.00 19.60 — 218.60
4" P1@.600 Ea 368.00 21.70 — 389.70
107
Class 125 bronze body swing check valve, threaded ends

½" P1@.210 Ea 19.40 7.61 — 27.01
¾" P1@.250 Ea 27.80 9.06 — 36.86
1" P1@.300 Ea 36.30 10.90 — 47.20
1¼" P1@.400 Ea 51.80 14.50 — 66.30
1½" P1@.450 Ea 73.00 16.30 — 89.30
2" P1@.500 Ea 121.00 18.10 — 139.10
Class 125 iron body swing check valve, flanged ends

2" P1@.500 Ea 170.00 18.10 — 188.10
2½" P1@.600 Ea 215.00 21.70 — 236.70
3" P1@.750 Ea 268.00 27.20 — 295.20
4" P1@1.35 Ea 394.00 48.90 — 442.90
5" ER@2.00 Ea 758.00 77.80 31.40 867.20
6" ER@2.50 Ea 758.00 97.20 39.30 894.50
8" ER@3.00 Ea 1,370.00 117.00 47.10 1,534.10
Class 125 iron body silent check valve, wafer-type

2" P1@.500 Ea 124.00 18.10 — 142.10
2½" P1@.600 Ea 138.00 21.70 — 159.70
3" P1@.750 Ea 159.00 27.20 — 186.20
4" P1@1.35 Ea 212.00 48.90 — 260.90
5" ER@2.00 Ea 326.00 77.80 31.40 435.20
6" ER@2.50 Ea 443.00 97.20 39.30 579.50
8" ER@3.00 Ea 758.00 117.00 47.10 922.10
Class 125 bronze body strainer, threaded ends

½" P1@.210 Ea 29.80 7.61 — 37.41
¾" P1@.250 Ea 39.30 9.06 — 48.36
1" P1@.300 Ea 48.10 10.90 — 59.00
1¼" P1@.400 Ea 67.30 14.50 — 81.80
1½" P1@.450 Ea 101.00 16.30 — 117.30
2" P1@.500 Ea 176.00 18.10 — 194.10
Class 125 iron body strainer, flanged ends

2" P1@.500 Ea 179.00 18.10 — 197.10
2½" P1@.600 Ea 199.00 21.70 — 220.70
3" P1@.750 Ea 230.00 27.20 — 257.20
4" P1@1.35 Ea 393.00 48.90 — 441.90
5" ER@2.00 Ea 797.00 77.80 31.40 906.20
6" ER@2.50 Ea 797.00 97.20 39.30 933.50
8" ER@3.00 Ea 1,350.00 117.00 47.10 1,514.10
108

½" P1@.210 Ea — 7.61 — 7.61
¾" P1@.275 Ea — 9.97 — 9.97
1" P1@.350 Ea — 12.70 — 12.70
1¼" P1@.430 Ea — 15.60 — 15.60
1½" P1@.505 Ea — 18.30 — 18.30
2" P1@.675 Ea — 24.50 — 24.50
2½" P1@.830 Ea — 30.10 — 30.10
3" P1@.990 Ea — 35.90 — 35.90

½" P1@.260 Ea — 9.42 — 9.42
¾" P1@.365 Ea — 13.20 — 13.20
1" P1@.475 Ea — 17.20 — 17.20
1¼" P1@.575 Ea — 20.80 — 20.80
1½" P1@.680 Ea — 24.60 — 24.60
2" P1@.910 Ea — 33.00 — 33.00
2½" P1@1.12 Ea — 40.60 — 40.60
3" P1@1.33 Ea — 48.20 — 48.20
PVC companion flange

2" P1@.140 Ea 6.12 5.07 — 11.19
2½" P1@.180 Ea 18.20 6.52 — 24.72
3" P1@.210 Ea 19.00 7.61 — 26.61
4" P1@.280 Ea 19.70 10.10 — 29.80
5" P1@.310 Ea 43.60 11.20 — 54.80
6" P1@.420 Ea 43.60 15.20 — 58.80
8" P1@.560 Ea 65.20 20.30 — 85.50
Bolt and gasket set

2" P1@.500 Ea 4.00 18.10 — 22.10
2½" P1@.650 Ea 4.68 23.60 — 28.28
3" P1@.750 Ea 7.91 27.20 — 35.11
4" P1@1.00 Ea 13.20 36.20 — 49.40
5" P1@1.10 Ea 22.00 39.90 — 61.90
6" P1@1.20 Ea 22.00 43.50 — 65.50
8" P1@1.25 Ea 24.60 45.30 — 69.90
Thermometer with well

7" P1@.250 Ea 171.00 9.06 — 180.06
9" P1@.250 Ea 176.00 9.06 — 185.06
Dial-type pressure gauge

2½" P1@.200 Ea 35.70 7.25 — 42.95
3½" P1@.200 Ea 47.10 7.25 — 54.35
109
Pressure/temperature tap
Tap P1@.150 Ea 16.40 5.44 — 21.84

½" P1@.250 Ea 3.84 9.06 — 12.90
¾" P1@.250 Ea 4.25 9.06 — 13.31
1" P1@.250 Ea 4.45 9.06 — 13.51
1¼" P1@.300 Ea 4.56 10.90 — 15.46
1½" P1@.300 Ea 4.90 10.90 — 15.80
2" P1@.300 Ea 5.12 10.90 — 16.02
2½" P1@.350 Ea 6.96 12.70 — 19.66
3" P1@.350 Ea 8.61 12.70 — 21.31
4" P1@.350 Ea 9.44 12.70 — 22.14
5" P1@.450 Ea 13.80 16.30 — 30.10
6" P1@.450 Ea 15.50 16.30 — 31.80
8" P1@.450 Ea 19.50 16.30 — 35.80
Riser clamp
½" P1@.100 Ea 2.48 3.62 — 6.10
¾" P1@.100 Ea 3.65 3.62 — 7.27
1" P1@.100 Ea 3.69 3.62 — 7.31
1¼" P1@.105 Ea 4.45 3.81 — 8.26
1½" P1@.110 Ea 4.70 3.99 — 8.69
2" P1@.115 Ea 4.97 4.17 — 9.14
2½" P1@.120 Ea 5.24 4.35 — 9.59
3" P1@.120 Ea 5.67 4.35 — 10.02
4" P1@.125 Ea 7.22 4.53 — 11.75
5" P1@.180 Ea 10.40 6.52 — 16.92
6" P1@.200 Ea 12.50 7.25 — 19.75
8" P1@.200 Ea 20.30 7.25 — 27.55
110
Polyethylene-Aluminum Pipe with Crimped Joints
Composite pressure pipe is aluminum tube laminated between 2 layers of plastic pipe. It is
manufactured and sold in various coiled lengths (200' to 1,000' rolls). The jointing method can be either
crimped or compression connections. It will not rust or corrode and, because of its flexibility, installations
require approximately 40% less fittings. Expansion rates are similar to copper, but its thermal coefficient
(heat loss) is over 800 times less than copper. It is also chemically resistant to most acids, salt solutions,
alkalis, fats and oils.
Common applications include ice or snow melting systems, radiant floor heating systems, water
service tubing, hot & cold domestic water service, chilled water systems, compressed air systems, solar
and process piping applications.
Maximum temperature Maximum pressure Pipe selection

73 degrees F 200 psi PE-AL or PEX-AL
180 degrees F 125 psi PEX-AL
PE-AL is the designation for polyethylene-aluminum composite pipe

PEX-AL is the designation for cross linked polyethylene-aluminum composite pipe
Cross linked Polyethylene-Aluminum pipe with crimped joints

(PEX-AL), pipe only
3/8" P1@.028 LF .46 1.01 — 1.47
1/2" P1@.028 LF .67 1.01 — 1.68
5/8" P1@.030 LF .94 1.09 — 2.03
3/4" P1@.030 LF 1.33 1.09 — 2.42
1" P1@.034 LF 2.14 1.23 — 3.37
Polyethylene-Aluminum pipe with crimped joints (PE-AL), pipe only

1/2" P1@.028 LF .51 1.01 — 1.52
5/8" P1@.030 LF .71 1.09 — 1.80
3/4" P1@.030 LF .94 1.09 — 2.03
1" P1@.034 LF 1.50 1.23 — 2.73
90-degree brass ell with crimped joints (PEX-AL/PE-AL)

1/2" P1@.080 Ea 1.45 2.90 — 4.35
5/8" P1@.085 Ea 1.75 3.08 — 4.83
3/4" P1@.090 Ea 3.38 3.26 — 6.64
1" P1@.105 Ea 3.69 3.81 — 7.50
90-degree brass ell with crimped joints x male pipe thread

(PEX-AL x MPT/PE-AL x MPT)
1/2" x 1/2" P1@.085 Ea 1.59 3.08 — 4.67
1/2" x 3/8" P1@.095 Ea 2.01 3.44 — 5.45
111
90-degree brass ell with crimped joints x copper socket

(PEX-AL x C/PE-AL x C)
1/2" P1@.085 Ea 1.59 3.08 — 4.67
1/2" x 3/4" P1@.090 Ea 2.01 3.26 — 5.27
5/8" x 3/4" P1@.095 Ea 2.17 3.44 — 5.61
3/4" P1@.095 Ea 1.77 3.44 — 5.21
90-degree brass wingback ell with crimped joints x female pipe

thread (PEX-AL x FPT/PE-AL x FPT)
1/2" P1@.085 Ea 3.10 3.08 — 6.18
3/4" P1@.095 Ea 3.69 3.44 — 7.13
Tee (brass) with crimped joints (PEX-AL/PE-AL)

1/2" P1@.095 Ea 1.55 3.44 — 4.99
5/8" P1@.105 Ea 1.82 3.81 — 5.63
3/4" P1@.110 Ea 3.69 3.99 — 7.68
1" P1@.120 Ea 4.51 4.35 — 8.86
Reducing tee (brass) with crimped joints (PEX-AL/PE-AL)

1/2" x 1/2" x 5/8" P1@.110 Ea 1.82 3.99 — 5.81
1/2" x 1/2" x 3/4" P1@.115 Ea 2.13 4.17 — 6.30
5/8" x 1/2" x 1/2" P1@.115 Ea 1.82 4.17 — 5.99
5/8" x 1/2" x 5/8" P1@.115 Ea 1.82 4.17 — 5.99
5/8" x 5/8" x 1/2" P1@.115 Ea 1.82 4.17 — 5.99
3/4" x 1/2" x 1/2" P1@.115 Ea 2.13 4.17 — 6.30
3/4" x 1/2" x 3/4" P1@.115 Ea 2.27 4.17 — 6.44
3/4" x 3/4" x 1/2" P1@.115 Ea 2.27 4.17 — 6.44
3/4" x 3/4" x 5/8" P1@.115 Ea 2.27 4.17 — 6.44
3/4" x 3/4" x 1" P1@.120 Ea 4.37 4.35 — 8.72
1" x 1/2" x 1/2" P1@.120 Ea 4.24 4.35 — 8.59
1" x 1/2" x 3/4" P1@.120 Ea 3.95 4.35 — 8.30
1" x 1/2" x 1" P1@.120 Ea 4.37 4.35 — 8.72
1" x 3/4" x 1/2" P1@.120 Ea 4.37 4.35 — 8.72
1" x 3/4" x 3/4" P1@.120 Ea 4.37 4.35 — 8.72
1" x 3/4" x 1" P1@.120 Ea 4.37 4.35 — 8.72
1" x 1" x 1/2" P1@.120 Ea 3.93 4.35 — 8.28
1" x 1" x 3/4" P1@.120 Ea 4.51 4.35 — 8.86
Coupling (brass) with crimped joints (PEX-AL/PE-AL)

1/2" P1@.080 Ea .71 2.90 — 3.61
5/8" P1@.085 Ea .90 3.08 — 3.98
3/4" P1@.090 Ea 1.99 3.26 — 5.25
1" P1@.105 Ea 2.03 3.81 — 5.84
112
Reducing coupling (brass) with crimped joints (PEX-AL/PE-AL)

1/2" P1@.080 Ea .90 2.90 — 3.80
5/8" P1@.085 Ea 1.28 3.08 — 4.36
3/4" P1@.090 Ea 1.36 3.26 — 4.62
1" P1@.105 Ea 1.66 3.81 — 5.47
Adapter (brass) with crimped joints x male pipe thread

1/2" x 1/2" P1@.080 Ea 1.07 2.90 — 3.97
1/2" x 3/4" P1@.085 Ea 1.36 3.08 — 4.44
5/8" x 3/4" P1@.085 Ea 1.34 3.08 — 4.42
3/4" x 1/2" P1@.090 Ea 1.82 3.26 — 5.08
3/4" x 3/4" P1@.090 Ea 1.93 3.26 — 5.19
3/4" x 1" P1@.105 Ea 3.10 3.81 — 6.91
1" x 1" P1@.105 Ea 3.38 3.81 — 7.19
Adapter (brass) with crimped joints x female pipe thread

(PEX-AL x FPT/PE-AL x FPT)
1/2" x 1/2" P1@.080 Ea 1.11 2.90 — 4.01
1/2" x 3/4" P1@.085 Ea 1.55 3.08 — 4.63
5/8" x 3/4" P1@.085 Ea 1.55 3.08 — 4.63
3/4" x 1/2" P1@.090 Ea 1.82 3.26 — 5.08
3/4" x 3/4" P1@.090 Ea 2.01 3.26 — 5.27
3/4" x 1" P1@.105 Ea 3.35 3.81 — 7.16
1" x 1" P1@.105 Ea 3.69 3.81 — 7.50
Adapter (brass) with crimped joints x copper fitting (spigot)

(PEX-AL x C ftg/PE-AL x C ftg)
1/2" x 1/2" P1@.080 Ea 1.28 2.90 — 4.18
1/2" x 3/4" P1@.085 Ea 1.57 3.08 — 4.65
5/8" x 3/4" P1@.085 Ea 1.55 3.08 — 4.63
3/4" x 3/4" P1@.090 Ea 3.10 3.26 — 6.36
1" x 1" P1@.105 Ea 3.69 3.81 — 7.50
Adapter (brass) with crimped joints x copper socket

1/2" x 1/2" P1@.080 Ea 1.07 2.90 — 3.97
1/2" x 3/4" P1@.085 Ea 1.58 3.08 — 4.66
5/8" x 3/4" P1@.085 Ea 1.64 3.08 — 4.72
3/4" x 1/2" P1@.090 Ea 1.76 3.26 — 5.02
3/4" x 3/4" P1@.090 Ea 2.54 3.26 — 5.80
3/4" x 1" P1@.105 Ea 3.69 3.81 — 7.50
1" x 1" P1@.105 Ea 4.24 3.81 — 8.05
113
Cap (brass) with crimped joints (PEX-AL/PE-AL)

1/2" P1@.060 Ea .48 2.17 — 2.65
5/8" P1@.065 Ea .68 2.36 — 3.04
3/4" P1@.070 Ea .90 2.54 — 3.44
1" P1@.085 Ea 1.11 3.08 — 4.19
Mini ball valve (brass) with crimped joints (PEX-AL/PE-AL)

1/2" x 3/8"
straight P1@.150 Ea 6.46 5.44 — 11.90
1/2" x 3/8" angle P1@.150 Ea 5.94 5.44 — 11.38
1/2" x copper P1@.150 Ea 6.81 5.44 — 12.25
1/2" x MPT P1@.150 Ea 7.18 5.44 — 12.62
1/2" P1@.150 Ea 7.58 5.44 — 13.02
1/2" x comp P1@.150 Ea 7.69 5.44 — 13.13
5/8" P1@.165 Ea 10.80 5.98 — 16.78
5/8" x 3/4"
copper P1@.170 Ea 8.61 6.16 — 14.77
5/8" x 3/4" MPT P1@.170 Ea 9.45 6.16 — 15.61
3/4" P1@.170 Ea 11.60 6.16 — 17.76
3/4" x copper P1@.170 Ea 10.90 6.16 — 17.06
Balancing valve (brass) with crimped joints (PEX-AL/PE-AL)

1/2" x copper P1@.150 Ea 41.50 5.44 — 46.94
1/2" x MPT P1@.150 Ea 47.90 5.44 — 53.34
Manifolds (headers) copper with crimped joints (PEX-AL)

3 - 1/2" outlets P1@.750 Ea 33.20 27.20 — 60.40
3 - 5/8" outlets P1@.750 Ea 37.60 27.20 — 64.80
4 - 1/2" outlets P1@.850 Ea 42.70 30.80 — 73.50
4 - 5/8" outlets P1@.850 Ea 49.30 30.80 — 80.10
5 - 1/2" outlets P1@1.00 Ea 54.60 36.20 — 90.80
6 - 1/2" outlets P1@1.20 Ea 62.00 43.50 — 105.50
8 - 1/2" outlets P1@1.45 Ea 88.30 52.50 — 140.80
10 - 1/2" outlets P1@1.65 Ea 114.00 59.80 — 173.80
12 - 1/2" outlets P1@1.85 Ea 138.00 67.00 — 205.00
Manifolds (headers) copper with mini ball valves and crimped joints
(PEX-AL)
3 - 1/2" outlets P1@.750 Ea 124.00 27.20 — 151.20
3 - 5/8" outlets P1@.750 Ea 150.00 27.20 — 177.20
4 - 1/2" outlets P1@.850 Ea 162.00 30.80 — 192.80
4 - 5/8" outlets P1@.850 Ea 197.00 30.80 — 227.80
5 - 1/2" outlets P1@1.00 Ea 206.00 36.20 — 242.20
6 - 1/2" outlets P1@1.20 Ea 235.00 43.50 — 278.50
114
Crimp rings, nickel-plated soft copper

1/2" — Ea .18 — — .18
5/8" — Ea .19 — — .19
3/4" — Ea .22 — — .22
1" — Ea .33 — — .33
Replacement O-rings
1/2" — Ea .12 — — .12
5/8" — Ea .12 — — .12
3/4" — Ea .18 — — .18
1" — Ea .18 — — .18
Pipe hangers (polypropylene)

1/2" P1@.050 Ea .06 1.81 — 1.87
5/8" P1@.050 Ea .06 1.81 — 1.87
3/4" P1@.050 Ea .06 1.81 — 1.87
1" P1@.050 Ea .08 1.81 — 1.89
Pipe clips (nail clips)

1/2" P1@.030 Ea .13 1.09 — 1.22
5/8" P1@.030 Ea .21 1.09 — 1.30
1" P1@.030 Ea .47 1.09 — 1.56
Miscellaneous tools
Crimp tool — Ea 275.00 — — 275.00
Beveling tool — Ea 5.60 — — 5.60
Reaming tool — Ea 33.50 — — 33.50
Pipe bender kit — Ea 494.00 — — 494.00
Bending spring — Ea 41.40 — — 41.40
Pipe cutter — Ea 20.10 — — 20.10
115
Polyethylene-Aluminum Pipe with Compression Joints
Composite pressure pipe is aluminum tube laminated between 2 layers of plastic pipe. It is
manufactured and sold in various coiled lengths (200' to 1000' rolls). The jointing method can be either
crimped or compression connections. It will not rust or corrode and, because of its flexibility, installations
require approximately 40% less fittings. Installed like soft copper, it can be supported every 8.2 feet where
applicable. Expansion rates are similar to copper, but its thermal coefficient (heat loss) is over 800 times
less than copper. It is also chemically resistant to most acids, salt solutions, alkalis, fats and oils.
Common applications include ice or snow melting systems, radiant floor heating systems, water
service tubing, hot & cold domestic water service, chilled water systems, compressed air systems, solar
and process piping applications.
Maximum temperature Maximum pressure Pipe selection

PE-AL is the designation for polyethylene-aluminum composite pipe

PEX-AL is the designation for cross linked polyethylene-aluminum composite pipe
Cross linked Polyethylene-Aluminum pipe with compression joints

(PEX-AL), pipe only
3/8" P1@.028 LF .42 1.01 — 1.43
1/2" P1@.028 LF .62 1.01 — 1.63
5/8" P1@.030 LF .85 1.09 — 1.94
3/4" P1@.030 LF 1.19 1.09 — 2.28
1" P1@.034 LF 1.91 1.23 — 3.14
Polyethylene-Aluminum pipe with compression joints (PE-AL), pipe only

1/2" P1@.028 LF .50 1.01 — 1.51
5/8" P1@.030 LF .67 1.09 — 1.76
3/4" P1@.030 LF .91 1.09 — 2.00
1" P1@.034 LF 1.45 1.23 — 2.68
90-degree brass ell with compression joints (PEX-AL/PE-AL)

1/2" P1@.092 Ea 3.31 3.33 — 6.64
5/8" P1@.098 Ea 4.60 3.55 — 8.15
3/4" P1@.104 Ea 6.71 3.77 — 10.48
1" P1@.121 Ea 11.80 4.39 — 16.19
90-degree brass ell with compression joints x male pipe thread

½" x ½" P1@.098 Ea 5.18 3.55 — 8.73
½" x ¾" P1@.105 Ea 6.28 3.81 — 10.09
¾" x ¾" P1@.109 Ea 5.78 3.95 — 9.73
116
90-degree brass ell with compression joints x copper socket

1/2" P1@.098 Ea 2.83 3.55 — 6.38
1/2" x 3/4" P1@.109 Ea 3.00 3.95 — 6.95
5/8" x 3/4" P1@.112 Ea 3.59 4.06 — 7.65
3/4" P1@.115 Ea 5.43 4.17 — 9.60
90-degree brass wingback ell with compression joints x female pipe

thread (PEX-AL x FPT/PE-AL x FPT)
1/2" P1@.098 Ea 2.45 3.55 — 6.00
5/8" P1@.105 Ea 4.21 3.81 — 8.02
3/4" P1@.115 Ea 6.45 4.17 — 10.62
Tee (brass) with compression joints (PEX-AL/PE-AL)

1/2" P1@.109 Ea 4.04 3.95 — 7.99
5/8" P1@.121 Ea 6.50 4.39 — 10.89
3/4" P1@.127 Ea 9.61 4.60 — 14.21
1" P1@.141 Ea 15.90 5.11 — 21.01
Reducing tee (brass) with compression joints (PEX-AL/PE-AL)

5/8" x 5/8" x 1/2" P1@.138 Ea 5.95 5.00 — 10.95
3/4" x 1/2" x 3/4" P1@.138 Ea 8.45 5.00 — 13.45
3/4" x 3/4" x 1/2" P1@.138 Ea 8.64 5.00 — 13.64
3/4" x 1/2" x 3/4" P1@.138 Ea 7.66 5.00 — 12.66
3/4" x 3/4" x 5/8" P1@.138 Ea 8.75 5.00 — 13.75
1" x 1/2" x 1/2" P1@.142 Ea 13.00 5.15 — 18.15
1" x 1" x 1/2" P1@.142 Ea 17.50 5.15 — 22.65
1" x 3/4" x 3/4" P1@.142 Ea 9.84 5.15 — 14.99
1" x 1" x 3/4" P1@.142 Ea 15.20 5.15 — 20.35
Coupling (brass) with compression joints (PEX-AL/PE-AL)

3/8" P1@.090 Ea 2.80 3.26 — 6.06
1/2" P1@.092 Ea 3.04 3.33 — 6.37
5/8" P1@.098 Ea 4.15 3.55 — 7.70
3/4" P1@.104 Ea 6.16 3.77 — 9.93
1" P1@.121 Ea 11.00 4.39 — 15.39
Reducing coupling (brass) with compression joints (PEX-AL/PE-AL)

5/8" x 1/2" P1@.092 Ea 3.66 3.33 — 6.99
3/4" x 1/2" P1@.098 Ea 5.52 3.55 — 9.07
3/4" x 5/8" P1@.104 Ea 5.34 3.77 — 9.11
1" x 3/4" P1@.121 Ea 7.42 4.39 — 11.81
Cap (brass) with compression joints (PEX-AL/PE-AL)

1/2" P1@.069 Ea 2.05 2.50 — 4.55
5/8" P1@.075 Ea 2.83 2.72 — 5.55
3/4" P1@.081 Ea 3.71 2.94 — 6.65
1" P1@.098 Ea 5.52 3.55 — 9.07
117
Mini ball valve (brass) with compression joints (PEX-AL/PE-AL)

1/2" x 3/8"
straight P1@.173 Ea 7.81 6.27 — 14.08
1/2" x 3/8" angle P1@.173 Ea 7.36 6.27 — 13.63
1/2" x copper P1@.173 Ea 7.32 6.27 — 13.59
1/2" x MPT P1@.173 Ea 7.71 6.27 — 13.98
1/2" P1@.173 Ea 8.61 6.27 — 14.88
5/8" P1@.173 Ea 11.40 6.27 — 17.67
5/8" x 3/4"
copper P1@.196 Ea 8.87 7.10 — 15.97
5/8" x 3/4" MPT P1@.196 Ea 9.51 7.10 — 16.61
3/4" P1@.196 Ea 10.60 7.10 — 17.70
3/4" x copper P1@.196 Ea 10.90 7.10 — 18.00
Balancing valve (brass) with compression joints (PEX-AL/PE-AL)

1/2" x copper P1@.173 Ea 45.90 6.27 — 52.17
1/2" x MPT P1@.173 Ea 51.00 6.27 — 57.27
Crimp rings, nickel plated soft copper

1/2" — Ea .18 — — .18
5/8" — Ea .20 — — .20
3/4" — Ea .23 — — .23
1" — Ea .34 — — .34
Replacement O-rings
1/2" — Ea .12 — — .12
5/8" — Ea .12 — — .12
3/4" — Ea .18 — — .18
1" — Ea .18 — — .18
Pipe hangers (polypropylene)

1/2" P1@.050 Ea .06 1.81 — 1.87
5/8" P1@.050 Ea .06 1.81 — 1.87
3/4" P1@.050 Ea .06 1.81 — 1.87
1" P1@.050 Ea .08 1.81 — 1.89
Pipe clips (nail clips)

1/2" P1@.030 Ea .13 1.09 — 1.22
5/8" P1@.030 Ea .21 1.09 — 1.30
1" P1@.030 Ea .47 1.09 — 1.56
Miscellaneous tools
Crimp tool — Ea 275.00 — — 275.00
Beveling tool — Ea 5.60 — — 5.60
Reaming tool — Ea 33.50 — — 33.50
Pipe bender kit — Ea 494.00 — — 494.00
Bending spring — Ea 41.40 — — 41.40
Pipe cutter — Ea 20.10 — — 20.10
118
Plumbing and Piping Specialties
Water meters, turbine-type. Including brass connection unions

½" P1@.500 Ea 138.00 18.10 — 156.10
¾" P1@.500 Ea 223.00 18.10 — 241.10
1" P1@.650 Ea 299.00 23.60 — 322.60
1½" P1@.700 Ea 803.00 25.40 — 828.40
2" P1@.800 Ea 1,190.00 29.00 — 1,219.00
3" P1@.900 Ea 1,850.00 32.60 — 1,882.60
4" P1@.975 Ea 3,440.00 35.30 — 3,475.30
Water meters, compound-type. Including brass connection unions

2" P1@.800 Ea 2,920.00 29.00 — 2,949.00
3" P1@.900 Ea 3,800.00 32.60 — 3,832.60
4" P1@.975 Ea 6,230.00 35.30 — 6,265.30
Water meter by-pass and connection assembly. Includes three

isolation ball valves, two tees, two 90-degree elbows, 10' of Type L copper
pipe and standard support devices. Make additional allowances for the
cost of the water meter.
½" P1@1.00 Ea 84.80 36.20 — 121.00
¾" P1@1.50 Ea 128.00 54.40 — 182.40
1" P1@1.95 Ea 222.00 70.70 — 292.70
1½" P1@2.45 Ea 408.00 88.80 — 496.80
2" P1@3.25 Ea 600.00 118.00 — 718.00
3" P1@5.50 Ea 1,790.00 199.00 — 1,989.00
4" P1@6.75 Ea 3,040.00 245.00 — 3,285.00
Backflow preventers – reduced pressure. Including valves and test ports

¾" P1@1.00 Ea 337.00 36.20 — 373.20
1" P1@1.25 Ea 416.00 45.30 — 461.30
1½" P1@2.00 Ea 670.00 72.50 — 742.50
2" P1@2.15 Ea 832.00 77.90 — 909.90
2½" P1@4.00 Ea 3,020.00 145.00 — 3,165.00
3" P1@4.75 Ea 3,980.00 172.00 — 4,152.00
4" P1@6.00 Ea 4,530.00 217.00 — 4,747.00
6" P1@7.95 Ea 4,950.00 288.00 — 5,238.00
Backflow preventers – reduced pressure. Including integral ball valves

and test ports
½" P1@.900 Ea 205.00 32.60 — 237.60
¾" P1@1.00 Ea 242.00 36.20 — 278.20
1" P1@1.25 Ea 303.00 45.30 — 348.30
1¼" P1@1.50 Ea 444.00 54.40 — 498.40
1½" P1@2.00 Ea 483.00 72.50 — 555.50
2" P1@2.15 Ea 544.00 77.90 — 621.90
119
Plumbing and Piping Specialties
Backflow preventers, double-check valve assembly. Including integral

ball valves and test ports
½" P1@1.00 Ea 153.00 36.20 — 189.20
¾" P1@1.00 Ea 170.00 36.20 — 206.20
1" P1@1.25 Ea 205.00 45.30 — 250.30
1¼" P1@1.95 Ea 344.00 70.70 — 414.70
1½" P1@2.00 Ea 356.00 72.50 — 428.50
2" P1@2.15 Ea 432.00 77.90 — 509.90
2½" P1@2.95 Ea 1,780.00 107.00 — 1,887.00
3" P1@3.45 Ea 2,270.00 125.00 — 2,395.00
4" P1@3.95 Ea 3,070.00 143.00 — 3,213.00
6" P1@5.75 Ea 5,180.00 208.00 — 5,388.00
Vacuum breakers, atmospheric. Female pipe thread

¼" P1@.350 Ea 51.30 12.70 — 64.00
½" P1@.350 Ea 71.50 12.70 — 84.20
¾" P1@.350 Ea 87.50 12.70 — 100.20
Vacuum breakers, hose connection. Male/female hose thread, polished

brass
½" P1@.150 Ea 21.80 5.44 — 27.24
¾" P1@.150 Ea 26.60 5.44 — 32.04
Suction diffusers
2" P1@1.25 Ea 301.00 45.30 — 346.30
3" P1@2.50 Ea 505.00 90.60 — 595.60
4" P1@3.25 Ea 643.00 118.00 — 761.00
6" P1@4.80 Ea 910.00 174.00 — 1,084.00
8" P1@5.95 Ea 1,710.00 216.00 — 1,926.00
10" P1@6.75 Ea 2,310.00 245.00 — 2,555.00
Triple-duty valves
2" P1@1.25 Ea 416.00 45.30 — 461.30
3" P1@2.50 Ea 564.00 90.60 — 654.60
4" P1@3.25 Ea 1,020.00 118.00 — 1,138.00
6" P1@4.80 Ea 1,680.00 174.00 — 1,854.00
8" P1@5.95 Ea 2,460.00 216.00 — 2,676.00
10" P1@6.75 Ea 3,620.00 245.00 — 3,865.00
In-line circulating pump, all bronze. 115 volt, including flange kit
1/25 HP P1@1.50 Ea 396.00 54.40 — 450.40
1/16 HP P1@1.55 Ea 499.00 56.20 — 555.20
1/12 HP P1@1.60 Ea 688.00 58.00 — 746.00
1/6 HP P1@1.75 Ea 1,160.00 63.40 — 1,223.40
1/4 HP P1@1.95 Ea 1,750.00 70.70 — 1,820.70
1 HP P1@2.25 Ea 2,030.00 81.50 — 2,111.50
1½ HP P1@2.85 Ea 2,450.00 103.00 — 2,553.00
120
Galvanized Steel Ductwork
Installation costs: An average crew can install approximately 25 pounds of duct and fittings per manhour
under normal conditions. See “Applying Correction Factors” on page 6 for situations that do not conform
to the definition of a standard labor unit.
EXAMPLE:
What is the cost to furnish and install 2,585 pounds of unlined duct and 560 pounds of unlined fittings?
The ductwork will be purchased from an outside vendor. A 15% allowance for miscellaneous material is
included in the weights.
Material:
2,585 pounds of straight duct x $2.75/lb. = $7,108.75
560 pounds of fittings x $6.17/lb. = 3,455.20
Delivery cost: (2,585 + 560) x $.15/lb. = 471.75
Total material cost = $11,035.70*
Labor:
2,585 + 560 =125.8 MH; 125.8 MH × $35.61 = $4,479.74
25
Total installed cost: $11,035.70 + $4,479.74 = $15,515.44*
*Sales tax not included.
345
Installed Ductwork Per Pound
Installed ductwork per lb. (under 1,000 lbs.). Duct purchased from an
independent fabrication shop, installed by this contractor’s shop.
Material price includes scrap, cleats, hangers, sealant, miscellaneous hardware,
delivery and fabrication shop markups.
Straight duct S2@.042 Lb 3.06 1.50 — 4.56
Duct fittings S2@.042 Lb 6.17 1.50 — 7.67
Duct & fittings S2@.042 Lb 4.08 1.50 — 5.58
Installed ductwork per lb. (over 1,000 lbs.). Duct purchased from an
independent fabrication shop, installed by this contractor’s shop.
Material price includes scrap, cleats, hangers, sealant, miscellaneous hardware,
delivery and subcontractor markups.
Installed lined ductwork per lb. (under 1,000 lbs.). Duct purchased
from an independent fabrication shop, installed by this contractor’s
shop. Material price includes scrap, cleats, hangers, sealant, miscellaneous
hardware, delivery and subcontractor markups.
Installed lined ductwork per lb. (over 1,000 lbs.). Duct purchased
from an independent fabrication shop, installed by this contractor’s
shop. Material price includes scrap, cleats, hangers, sealant, miscellaneous
hardware, delivery and subcontractor markups.
Installed ductwork per lb. (under 1,000 lbs.). Duct fabricated and
installed by this contractor’s shop. Material price includes scrap, cleats,
hangers, sealant, miscellaneous hardware and delivery.
Installed ductwork per lb. (over 1,000 lbs.). Duct fabricated and
hangers, sealant, miscellaneous hardware and delivery.
346
Installed Ductwork Per Pound
Installed lined ductwork per lb. (under 1,000 lbs.). Duct fabricated
and installed by this contractor’s shop. Material price includes scrap,
cleats, hangers, sealant, miscellaneous hardware and delivery.
Installed lined ductwork per lb. (over 1,000 lbs.). Duct fabricated and
hangers, sealant, miscellaneous hardware and delivery. Use for preliminary
estimates.
347
Galvanized Steel Spiral Ductwork
Weights of Galvanized Steel Spiral Duct (pounds per LF)
Diameter U.S. Standard Gauge

(inches) 26 24 22 20 18
3 .76 1.01 1.23 1.46 —
4 1.02 1.35 1.64 1.94 —
5 1.28 1.69 2.06 2.42 —
6 1.54 2.03 2.47 2.91 3.88
7 1.79 2.37 2.88 3.40 4.52
8 2.05 2.71 3.29 3.86 5.17
9 2.31 3.05 3.71 4.37 5.82
10 2.57 3.39 4.12 4.86 6.47
12 3.08 4.07 4.95 5.83 7.75
14 3.59 4.74 5.77 6.81 9.05
16 4.11 5.42 6.60 7.78 10.34
18 4.63 6.10 7.43 8.76 11.64
20 5.15 6.78 8.25 9.73 12.93
22 5.65 7.46 9.08 10.71 14.93
24 6.16 8.14 9.91 11.68 15.52
26 6.67 8.82 10.73 12.66 16.82
28 7.18 9.50 11.56 13.63 18.11
30 7.71 10.18 12.38 14.60 19.41
32 8.22 10.84 13.21 15.58 20.71
34 — 11.52 14.05 16.55 22.00
36 — 12.20 14.90 17.53 23.29
348
Galvanized Steel Round Spiral Fittings
Weights of Galvanized Steel Round Spiral Fittings (pounds per piece)
Diameter (inches) 90° elbow 45° elbow Coupling Reducer

3 1.3 1.0 0.5 1.0
4 2.2 1.3 0.6 1.2
5 3.3 1.9 0.7 1.4
6 4.3 2.5 0.9 1.8
7 5.8 3.3 1.0 2.0
8 7.3 4.3 1.2 2.4
9 8.8 5.3 2.6 3.3
10 11.8 7.5 2.9 4.4
12 16.3 10.0 3.5 5.3
14 22.0 13.0 4.1 6.2
16 28.3 15.8 4.6 6.9
18 34.5 19.0 5.2 7.8
20 41.5 23.5 5.8 8.7
22 48.3 27.5 6.4 9.6
24 57.5 32.0 6.9 10.3
26 68.8 37.5 7.5 11.2
28 76.8 42.8 8.1 12.1
30 87.0 48.0 8.7 13.0
32 99.5 55.0 9.2 13.8
34 112.0 61.0 9.8 14.7
36 161.0 89.5 10.4 15.6

Largest
run Tee with reducing run and branch
diam. Branch diameter (inches)
(inches)
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
4 2.3
5 2.8 3.0
6 3.2 3.5 3.7
7 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.5
8 4.1 4.4 4.7 5.0 5.3
9 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.5 5.8 6.2
10 6.4 6.7 7.1 7.5 7.8 8.2 8.6
12 7.7 8.1 8.5 8.9 9.4 9.9 10.3 10.7
14 8.9 9.4 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.1 12.6 13.6
16 10.2 10.8 11.4 12.0 12.5 13.1 13.7 14.3 15.5 16.7
18 11.5 12.1 12.7 13.5 14.1 14.8 15.5 16.1 17.5 18.8 19.2
20 12.7 13.4 14.2 14.9 17.7 16.4 17.2 17.9 19.4 20.9 22.4 23.9
22 14.0 14.8 15.6 16.4 17.2 18.1 18.9 19.7 21.3 23.0 24.6 26.2 27.9
24 15.3 16.1 17.0 17.8 18.7 19.6 20.5 21.4 23.2 25.0 26.8 28.5 30.3 32.1
26 16.5 17.5 18.5 19.5 20.4 21.3 22.3 23.3 25.2 26.2 29.1 31.1 33.0 34.9
28 17.7 18.7 19.8 20.8 21.9 22.9 23.9 25.0 27.0 29.2 31.2 33.2 35.4 37.4
30 18.9 20.0 21.1 22.2 23.3 24.5 25.5 26.7 28.9 31.1 33.3 35.5 37.7 40.0
32 20.4 21.6 22.6 24.0 25.2 26.4 27.6 28.8 31.2 33.6 36.0 38.4 40.8 42.2
34 21.6 22.9 24.2 25.4 26.7 28.0 29.3 30.5 33.1 35.6 38.1 40.7 42.2 45.6
36 29.6 31.4 33.1 34.8 36.6 38.6 40.1 41.8 45.3 48.8 52.2 55.7 59.2 62.7
349
Galvanized Steel Round Spiral Fittings

Run Cross with reducing run and branch
diam. Branch diameter (inches)
(inches)
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
4 2.6
5 3.2 3.6
6 3.8 4.2 4.6
7 4.4 4.9 5.4 5.8
8 4.9 5.4 6.0 6.5 7.0
9 5.4 6.0 6.6 7.2 7.7 8.3
10 7.6 8.2 8.9 9.5 10.2 10.8 11.4
12 8.8 9.6 10.3 11.0 11.7 12.5 13.2 13.8
14 10.1 10.9 11.7 12.6 13.4 14.2 15.1 15.9 17.5
16 11.3 12.2 13.1 14.0 15.0 15.9 16.8 17.7 19.5 21.4
18 12.5 13.5 14.5 15.5 16.5 17.5 18.5 19.5 21.5 23.5 25.5
20 13.8 15.0 16.1 17.2 18.2 19.4 20.6 21.7 23.9 26.2 28.4 30.6
22 15.2 16.4 17.7 18.9 20.1 21.4 22.6 23.8 26.2 28.7 31.2 33.6 36.1
24 16.6 17.9 19.3 20.6 22.0 23.3 24.6 26.0 28.7 31.5 34.1 36.7 39.4 42.1
26 18.0 19.4 20.9 22.3 23.8 25.2 26.7 28.2 31.1 33.9 36.9 39.8 42.7 45.6
28 19.3 20.8 22.4 24.0 25.5 27.1 28.6 30.2 32.3 36.4 39.6 42.7 45.8 48.9
30 20.6 22.3 23.9 25.6 27.3 28.9 30.6 32.3 35.6 38.9 42.3 45.6 49.9 52.2
32 22.2 24.0 25.8 27.6 29.4 31.2 33.0 34.8 38.4 42.0 45.6 49.1 52.8 56.5
34 23.5 25.4 27.3 29.2 31.1 33.1 34.9 36.9 40.7 44.5 48.3 52.1 55.9 59.8
36 32.2 34.8 37.4 40.0 42.8 45.3 48.0 50.5 55.7 61.0 66.2 71.5 76.7 82.0
Weights of 26 Gauge Galvanized Steel Rectangular Duct (pounds per LF)
Size
(inches) 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
4 1.21
5 1.36 1.51
6 1.51 1.66 1.81
7 1.66 1.81 1.96 2.11
8 1.81 1.96 2.11 2.27 2.42
9 1.96 2.11 2.27 2.42 2.57 2.72
10 2.11 2.27 2.42 2.57 2.72 2.87 3.02
11 2.27 2.42 2.57 2.72 2.87 3.02 3.17 3.32
12 2.42 2.57 2.72 2.87 3.02 3.17 3.32 3.47 3.62
350
Budget Estimating
Budget plumbing estimate, plastic DWV and plastic supply pipe

Bathtubs P1@12.0 Ea 1,850.00 435.00 — 2,285.00
Showers P1@7.00 Ea 898.00 254.00 — 1,152.00
Lavatories P1@9.00 Ea 1,720.00 326.00 — 2,046.00
Kitchen sinks P1@10.0 Ea 1,910.00 362.00 — 2,272.00
Service sinks P1@8.00 Ea 1,540.00 290.00 — 1,830.00
Bar sinks P1@7.00 Ea 1,300.00 254.00 — 1,554.00
Floor sinks P1@6.00 Ea 781.00 217.00 — 998.00
Water closets
Tank-type P1@8.00 Ea 1,200.00 290.00 — 1,490.00
Flush valve P1@9.00 Ea 1,450.00 326.00 — 1,776.00
Urinals P1@6.00 Ea 1,950.00 217.00 — 2,167.00
Drinking fountains
(refrigerated) P1@10.0 Ea 2,260.00 362.00 — 2,622.00
Wash fountains P1@22.0 Ea 5,170.00 797.00 — 5,967.00
Can washers P1@15.0 Ea 2,530.00 544.00 — 3,074.00
Floor drains P1@7.00 Ea 646.00 254.00 — 900.00
Area drains P1@5.00 Ea 528.00 181.00 — 709.00
Roof drains P1@16.0 Ea 1,800.00 580.00 — 2,380.00
Overflow drains P1@16.0 Ea 1,800.00 580.00 — 2,380.00
Deck drains P1@3.00 Ea 449.00 109.00 — 558.00
Cleanouts P1@4.00 Ea 548.00 145.00 — 693.00
Trap primers P1@2.00 Ea 273.00 72.50 — 345.50
Sump pumps P1@5.00 Ea 3,170.00 181.00 — 3,351.00
Water heaters
Gas, 40 gal. P1@15.0 Ea 3,830.00 544.00 — 4,374.00
Gas, 80 gal. P1@16.0 Ea 4,190.00 580.00 — 4,770.00
Gas, 120 gal. P1@17.0 Ea 4,860.00 616.00 — 5,476.00
436
Index
A diffusers.........................................402 Balancing valves PEX-AL pipe....114, 118

fan coil units..................................403 Ball valves
ABS, DWV pipe................................150
fume hoods....................................403 PEX-AL pipe..........................114, 118
1/8 bend.........................................150
grilles.............................................403 pipe and plumbing specialty.... 126-127
1/4 bend.........................................150
terminal boxes...............................402 PVC, Schedule 40...........................97
adapters.........................................152
Air compressor.................................406 PVC, Schedule 80.........................107
bushings........................................152
rental..............................................420 PVC, Solid body, EDPM..........97, 107
cleanouts.......................................152
Air conditioning PVC, Solid body, threaded......97, 107
closet bend....................................150
budget estimates...........................435 PVC, Tru-union, threaded.......97, 107
closet flanges.................................150
residential......................................286 PVC, Union type, Solvent
combinations.................................151 weld.......................................98, 107
Air conditioning condensate systems
couplings.......................................153 Schedule 40 steel, threaded..........230
PVC, Schedule 40...........................91
hanger assemblies........................153 Schedule 80 steel, threaded..........252
PVC, Schedule 80.........................101
P-traps...........................................151 Type K copper, brazed....................40
Type K copper, brazed....................33
reducers.........................................153 Type K copper, soldered.................50
Type K copper, soldered.................43
riser clamps...................................153 Type L copper, brazed....................59
Type L copper, brazed....................53
solvent-weld joints................. 152-153 Type L copper, soldered..................68
Type L copper, soldered..................62
tees................................................151 Type M copper, brazed...................77
Type M copper, brazed...................71
wyes...................................... 151-152 Type M copper, soldered.................86
Type M copper, soldered.................80
ABS, DWV, test cap.........................152 Banks, HVAC estimates...................437
Air conditioning units........................288
A/C systems.....................................286 Bar sinks.............................................29
Air cooled condenser........................426
Access doors, steel..........................121 estimating......................................435
condensing unit.............................212
Accessories Barber shops, HVAC estimates.......437
Air grilles, return...............................333
iron filter...........................................23 Base wage............................................6
Air handling equipment
water softener..................................23 Baseboard fins.................................204
air conditioner................................288
Acid DWV systems...........................164 Bathroom
exhaust fans..................................326
Actuator, damper..............................404 fans........................................ 328-329
housings........................................331
Adapters fixtures.............................................28
ventilators......................................326
copper, DWV, soldered.................148 heaters...........................................328
Air handling units..............................289
CPVC sprinkler pipe......................184 Bathroom sink, disconnect...............433
accessories....................................290
F.I.P., ABS.....................................152 Bathtubs.............................................28
air balancing..................................402
PE-AL pipe....................................113 disconnect.....................................433
coil connection....................... 297-298
PEX-AL pipe..................................113 estimating......................................435
removal..........................................424
polypropylene pipe........................166 Beauty shops, HVAC estimates.......437
Air mixing box, removal....................423
PVC, DWV.....................................156 Bell & spigot pipe, PVC....................159
Air separators, Rolaitrol type............201
PVC, Schedule 40...........................94 Benders, hydraulic, rental.................420
Air vents...........................................121
PVC, Schedule 80.........................104 Bends
Alarm valves.....................................171
PVC sewer, bell & spigot...............163 ABS, DWV pipe.............................150
Apartments, HVAC estimates...........437
Schedule 5 steel, pressfit..............236 cast iron, no-hub.................... 136-138
Area drains.......................................168
Schedule 10 steel, roll-grooved.....275 class 110 DI, cement lined............411
installation costs............................435
Schedule 40 steel, cut-grooved.....281 class 150 cast iron.........................412
Arresters, water hammer..................133
Schedule 40 steel, roll-grooved.....268 class 153 DI, cement lined............407
As-built drawings..............................421
Type K copper, brazed....................37 class 153 DI, double cement
Assemblies
Type K copper, soldered........... 47-48 lined.............................................409
air conditioning..............................286
Type L copper, brazed....................56 class 2400 or 3000 asbestos
forced air heating...........................287
Type L copper, soldered..................65 cement.........................................413
Auditoriums, HVAC estimates..........437
Type M copper, brazed...................74 copper, DWV, soldered.................147
Type M copper, soldered.................83 polypropylene pipe........................164
Additional costs....................................8 PVC, DWV............................. 159-160
Adjusting costs.....................................7 B PVC sewer, bell & spigot...............160
Air admittance valve.........................328 Backfill costs, trenching....................418 Bevel machines, rental.....................420
Air balance software.........................338 Backflow preventers Billing breakdown worksheet.... 461-462
Air balancing double check.................................120 Biomass fired
air handling units...........................402 reduced pressure...........................119 boilers.................................... 319-320
centrifugal fans..............................403 Backhoes, rental...............................420 central airspace heater..................321
463
Black steel pipe................................177 Booster heaters..................................25 Schedule 40 steel, cut-grooved.....282

assemblies.....................................176 Bore holes, geothermal....................317 Schedule 40 steel, roll-grooved.....269
Blowers, centrifugal..........................324 Bowling alleys, HVAC estimates......437 Schedule 40 steel, threaded..........226
Boiler Branch pipe and fittings, sprinkler....182 Schedule 40 steel, welded............217
blowdown.......................................203 Brazed joint pipe Schedule 80 steel, threaded..........250
burners..........................................195 Type K copper.................................33 Schedule 80 steel, welded............241
stack..............................................203 Type L copper.................................53 Schedule 160 steel, welded..........261
trim.................................................204 Type M copper................................71 Type K copper, brazed....................38
Boiler connections............................190 Bucket steam trap............................126 Type K copper, soldered.................48
boiler pumps..................................205 Budget estimating.............................435 Type L copper, brazed....................57
Boilers Buildings, HVAC estimates..............437 Type L copper, soldered..................66
biomass fired......................... 319-320 Burners, dual fuel.............................195 Type M copper, brazed...................75
pulse type......................................322 Bushings Type M copper, soldered.................84
removal..........................................425 ABS...............................................152 Carbon steel fittings.................. 214-265
steam heating................................189 PVC, DWV.....................................156 Carbon steel pipe
Boilers, commercial PVC, Schedule 40...........................94 Schedule 40...................................180
accessories....................................204 PVC, Schedule 80.........................104 Schedule 80...................................238
adjusting........................................198 Type K copper, brazed....................38 Cast iron class 150...........................412
cast iron.........................................185 Type K copper, soldered.................48 Cast iron DWV pipe, hub & spigot....141
chemical feed pump......................202 Type L copper, brazed....................57 1/16 bend.......................................142
combustion controls............... 197-198 Type L copper, soldered..................66 1/8 bend.........................................141
combustion train............................192 Type M copper, brazed...................75 1/4 bend.........................................141
components...................................204 Type M copper, soldered.................84 bends.............................................142
deaerator/condenser.....................201 Butterfly valves closet flanges.................................142
electrical service............................196 pipe and plumbing specialty..........127 combinations.................................143
feedwater pumps...........................197 PVC, Schedule 40...........................96 gaskets..........................................145
firebox............................................187 PVC, Schedule 80.........................106 hanger assemblies........................145
firetube................................... 186-187 Schedule 10 steel, roll-grooved.....277 P-traps...........................................142
fuel train piping...................... 193-194 Schedule 40 steel, cut-grooved.....283 reducers.........................................144
packaged, feedwater systems.......202 Schedule 40 steel, roll-grooved.....270 riser clamps...................................145
pumping unit..................................201 Schedule 40 steel, threaded..........230 sanitary tees..................................142
refractory.......................................197 Schedule 40 steel, welded.... 219-220 tees................................................142
stacks............................................203 Schedule 80 steel, threaded... 251-252 wyes...................................... 143-144
water softening systems................198 Schedule 80 steel, welded............243 Cast iron DWV pipe, mechanical
watertube.......................................188 Type K copper, brazed....................39 joint.................................................135
Boilers, gas fired Type K copper, soldered.................50 Cast iron DWV pipe, no-hub............135
cast iron.........................................189 Type K & L copper, roll grooved.....90 1/8 bend................................. 135-136
steel...............................................188 Type L copper, brazed....................58 1/4 bend.........................................136
Bolt and gasket sets Type L copper, soldered..................67 caps...............................................139
pipe and plumbing specialty..........122 Type M copper, brazed...................76 closet bends..................................136
polypropylene pipe........................167 Type M copper, soldered.................85 closet flanges.................................136
PVC, Schedule 40...........................99 combinations.................................138
PVC, Schedule 80.........................109 couplings.......................................139
Schedule 10 steel, roll-grooved.....279 crosses..........................................139
Schedule 40 steel, cut-grooved.....284 C hanger assemblies........................140
Schedule 40 steel, roll-grooved.....271 Calcium silicate pipe insulation........399 horizontal assembly.......................135
Schedule 40 steel, threaded..........232 California Code, 2010.......................199 P-traps...........................................136
Schedule 40 steel, welded............222 Can washers, installation costs........435 reducers.........................................139
Schedule 80 steel, threaded..........253 Caps riser clamps...................................140
Schedule 80 steel, welded............245 cast iron, no-hub............................139 tees........................................ 138-139
Schedule 160 steel, full face.........264 cast iron, threaded.........................181 wyes...................................... 136-138
Schedule 160 steel, ring face........264 CPVC sprinkler pipe......................184 Cast iron sprinkler pipe fittings
Type K copper, brazed....................41 PE-AL pipe............................114, 117 cap.................................................181
Type K copper, soldered.................52 PEX-AL pipe..........................114, 117 couplings.......................................181
Type L copper, brazed....................60 PVC sewer, bell & spigot...............163 cross..............................................181
Type L copper, soldered..................69 PVC, Schedule 40...........................95 ells.................................................180
Type M copper, brazed...................78 PVC, Schedule 80.........................105 plugs..............................................181
Type M copper, soldered.................87 roll grooved, Victaulic....................178 reducers.........................................180
Boom lifts, rental...............................420 Schedule 10 steel, roll-grooved.....276 reducing tee...................................180
464
Ceiling diffusers........................ 334-335 Close-out items................................421 Computer rooms, HVAC estimates....437

Central air space heater, Closet bends, ABS, DWV pipe.........150 Condenser units...............................205
biomass fired..................................321 Closet flanges Condenser water systems
Central dehumidification...................300 ABS, DWV pipe.............................150 Schedule 40 steel, cut-grooved.....280
Centrifugal blowers...........................324 cast iron, hub & spigot...................142 Schedule 40 steel, roll-grooved.....266
Centrifugal fans, air balancing..........403 cast iron, no-hub............................136 Condensing units, air cooled............212
Centrifugal pumps, HVAC................206 copper, DWV, soldered.................147 Condominiums, HVAC estimates.....437
Centrifugal water-cooled chiller........211 PVC, DWV............................. 155-156 Configurable controller.....................338
Ceramic heater.................................304 Clothes dryers, exhaust....................327 Connections
Chain hoists, rental...........................420 Cocktail lounges, HVAC estimates....437 air handling unit, HVAC......... 297-298
Change estimates.................... 438-448 Coil connection, air handling continuous waste.............................26
change order log...........................443 unit.......................................... 297-298 fire department..............................174
example.........................................439 Coil, duct mounted, removal............429 flexible duct....................................343
summary................................442, 446 Coils, reheat, HVAC.........................209 hot and cold water supply...............26
take-off...................................440, 444 Cold water connections......................26 indirect waste...................................26
worksheet..............................441, 445 Collars, galvanized steel..................343 kitchen equipment...........................26
Check valves....................................171 Combinations Siamese.........................................174
Chemical feed pump, boiler.............202 ABS...............................................151 water heaters...................................21
Chemical feed system......................202 cast iron, hub & spigot...................143 Connectors, pipe..............................123
Chemical systems cast iron, no-hub............................138 flexible...........................................124
polypropylene, DWV......................164 copper, DWV, soldered.................147 Construction schedule.............. 453-455
PVC, Schedule 40...........................91 polypropylene pipe........................165 Contents...............................................3
PVC, Schedule 80.........................101 Combustion controls, boiler...... 197-198 Continuous waste connections...........26
Chilled water systems Combustion monitoring....................205 Control modules, pollution................199
Schedule 10 steel, roll-grooved.....273 Combustion train, boiler...................192 Control valves
Schedule 40 steel, cut-grooved.....280 Come-alongs, rental.........................420 2 way..................................... 405-406
Schedule 40 steel, roll-grooved.....266 Commercial boilers................... 186-189 3 way..................................... 405-406
Schedule 40 steel, threaded..........223 combustion trains..........................192 electric...........................................405
Schedule 80 steel, threaded..........247 components and accessories........204 pipe and plumbing specialty.... 132-133
Type K copper, brazed....................33 connections...................................190 pneumatic......................................406
Type K copper, soldered.................43 Commercial fans and blowers..........324 PVC, Schedule 40...........................99
Type L copper, brazed....................53 Commercial fixture rough-ins.............31 PVC, Schedule 80.........................109
Type L copper, soldered..................62 group...............................................32 Schedule 10 steel, roll-grooved.....278
Type M copper, brazed...................71 Commercial water heaters...........19, 20 Schedule 40 steel, cut-grooved.....284
Type M copper, soldered.................80 Compaction, trenching.....................418 Schedule 40 steel, roll-grooved.....271
Chillers Compactors, rental...........................420 Schedule 40 steel, threaded..........231
centrifugal......................................211 Companion flanges Schedule 40 steel, welded............221
drinking fountain..............................30 150 pound, threaded.....................122 Schedule 80 steel, threaded..........253
reciprocating..................................211 300 pound, threaded.....................122 Schedule 80 steel, welded.... 244-245
removal..........................................426 PVC...............................................122 Schedule 160 steel, flanged.... 263-264
water cooled, connection...............211 PVC, Schedule 40...........................99 Schedule 160 steel, threaded........263
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride pipe....183 PVC, Schedule 80.........................109 Type K copper, brazed....................41
Churches, HVAC estimates..............437 Schedule 40 steel, threaded..........232 Type K copper, soldered.................51
Circuit balance valves......................127 Type K copper, brazed....................41 Type L copper, brazed....................60
Circulating pumps Type K copper, soldered.................51 Type L copper, soldered..................69
all bronze.......................................120 Type L copper, brazed....................60 Type M copper, brazed...................78
iron body........................................121 Type L copper, soldered..................69 Type M copper, soldered.................87
Clarifications.........................................8 Type M copper, brazed...................78 Controllers........................................338
Classrooms, HVAC estimates..........437 Type M copper, soldered.................87 Controls
Cleanouts welding type...................................121 boiler..............................................203
ABS...............................................152 Composite pipe................................111 HVAC.............................................404
ABS/PVC.......................................169 compression fittings.......................116 Cooling systems, residential.............286
copper, DWV, soldered.................147 compression joint fittings...............117 Cooling towers
end-of-line......................................169 compression joints.........................116 connection assembly.....................213
floor................................................169 crimped joint..................................111 demolition......................................427
installation costs............................435 crimped joint fittings............... 111-112 forced draft....................................213
PVC, DWV.....................................157 Compressed air systems galvanized steel.............................212
wall................................................169 Type K copper, brazed....................33 induced draft..................................212
Closed loop heat pump....................306 Type L copper, brazed....................53 removal..........................................427
465
Cooling units, variable volume.........337 reducers...........................................90 bushings..........................................84

Copper fittings, roll grooved...............89 roll grooved......................................89 caps.................................................84
Copper pipe........................................89 tees..................................................89 companion flanges..........................87
Copper pipe, DWV, soldered...........146 valves..............................................90 couplings.........................................84
1/8 bend.........................................146 Copper pipe, Type L brazed......... 53-54 ells............................................. 81-82
1/4 bend.........................................147 adapters...........................................56 hanger assemblies..........................88
adapters.........................................148 bolt and gasket sets........................60 maximum working pressure............80
assembly with riser........................146 bushings..........................................57 pressure gauges..............................87
cleanouts.......................................147 caps.................................................57 reducers...........................................83
closet flanges.................................147 companion flanges..........................60 riser clamps.....................................88
combinations.................................147 couplings.........................................57 strainers...........................................86
couplings.......................................148 ells............................................. 54-55 tees..................................................82
crosses..........................................147 hanger assemblies..........................61 thermometers with wells..................87
hanger assemblies........................149 pressure gauges..............................60 unions..............................................84
horizontal assemblies....................146 reducers...........................................56 valves........................................ 85-87
P-traps...........................................147 riser clamps.....................................61 Copper piping, removal....................430
reducers.........................................148 strainers...........................................59 Correction factors.................................6
riser clamps...................................149 tees..................................................55 Countertop sinks/lavatories................28
tees................................................147 thermometers with wells..................60 Couplings
test caps........................................148 unions..............................................57 ABS...............................................153
test tees.........................................148 valves........................................ 58-60 cast iron, no-hub............................139
wyes..............................................147 Copper pipe, Type L soldered...... 62-63 cast iron, threaded.........................181
Copper pipe, Type K brazed........ 33-34 adapters...........................................65 copper, DWV, soldered.................148
adapters...........................................37 bolt and gasket sets........................69 CPVC sprinkler pipe......................183
bolt and gasket sets........................41 bushings..........................................66 galvanized steel spiral duct...........359
bushings..........................................38 caps.................................................66 PE-AL pipe.................... 112-113, 117
caps.................................................38 companion flanges..........................69 PEX-AL pipe..........................113, 117
companion flanges..........................41 couplings.........................................66 polypropylene pipe........................166
couplings.........................................38 ells............................................. 63-64 PVC, DWV.....................................156
ells............................................. 34-35 hanger assemblies..........................70 PVC, Schedule 40...........................95
hanger assemblies..........................42 maximum working pressure............62 PVC, Schedule 80.........................105
pressure gauges..............................41 pressure gauges..............................69 PVC sewer, bell & spigot...............160
reducers...........................................37 reducers...........................................65 roll grooved, Victaulic....................179
riser clamp.......................................42 riser clamps.....................................70 Schedule 5 steel, pressfit...... 235-236
strainers...........................................40 strainers...........................................68 Schedule 10 steel, roll-grooved.....276
tees............................................ 35-36 tees..................................................64 Schedule 40 steel, cut-grooved.....282
thermometers with wells..................41 thermometers with wells..................69 Schedule 40 steel, roll-grooved.....269
unions..............................................38 unions..............................................66 Schedule 40 steel, threaded..........226
valves........................................ 39-41 valves........................................ 67-69 Schedule 80 steel, threaded..........251
Copper pipe, Type K soldered..... 43-44 Copper pipe, Type M brazed........ 71-72 Type K copper, brazed....................38
adapters..................................... 47-48 adapters...........................................74 Type K copper, soldered.................49
bolt and gasket sets........................52 bolt and gasket sets........................78 Type K & L copper, roll grooved.....90
bushings..........................................48 bushings..........................................75 Type L copper, brazed....................57
caps.................................................48 caps.................................................75 Type L copper, soldered..................66
companion flanges..........................51 companion flanges..........................78 Type M copper, brazed...................75
couplings.........................................49 couplings.........................................75 Type M copper, soldered.................84
ells............................................. 44-45 ells...................................................72 CPVC sprinkler pipe.........................183
hanger assemblies..........................52 hanger assemblies..........................79 adapters.........................................184
pressure gauges..............................52 maximum working pressure............71 cap.................................................184
reducers...........................................47 pressure gauges..............................78 coupling.........................................183
riser clamps.....................................52 reducers...........................................74 elbows...........................................183
strainers...........................................51 riser clamps.....................................79 fittings............................................184
tees............................................ 45-46 strainers...........................................77 flange.............................................184
thermometers with wells..................52 tees..................................................73 head adapter.................................184
unions..............................................48 thermometers with wells..................78 reducing tees.................................183
valves........................................ 49-51 unions..............................................75 tees................................................183
Copper pipe, Type K & L ............. 89-90 valves........................................ 76-78 Craft codes...........................................7
coupling...........................................90 Copper pipe, Type M soldered..... 80-81 Craft@hrs.............................................5
ells...................................................89 adapters...........................................83 Cranes, rental...................................420
flange adapter..................................90 bolt and gasket sets........................87 Crew composition.................................7
466
Crimp rings Drops and tees, ductwork........ 391-393 Electrical service for boilers.............196
PE-AL pipe............................115, 118 Dry valves.........................................171 Ells
PEX-AL pipe..........................115, 118 Dryers, exhaust................................327 cast iron, threaded.........................180
Croll-Reynolds..................................199 Dual-fuel burners..............................195 PE-AL pipe............. 111-112, 116-117
Cross linked PEX-AL........................111 Duct insulation PEX-AL pipe........... 111-112, 116-117
Cross linked Polyethylene- calcium silicate..............................399 PVC, DWV.....................................154
Aluminum pipe...............................116 fiberglass.......................................401 PVC, Schedule 40...........................92
Crosses removal..........................................434 PVC, Schedule 80................. 102-103
cast iron, no-hub............................139 Duct lining Schedule 5 steel, pressfit...... 234-235
cast iron, threaded.........................181 calcium silicate..............................399 Schedule 10 steel, roll-grooved.....274
copper, DWV, soldered.................147 fiberglass.......................................401 Schedule 40 steel, cut-grooved.....280
Schedule 40 steel, threaded..........225 Duct markers....................................421 Schedule 40 steel, roll-grooved.....267
Schedule 80 steel, threaded..........250 Ductwork Schedule 40 steel, threaded..........224
correction factors...........................340 Schedule 40 steel, welded............215
demolition......................................422 Schedule 80 steel, threaded..........248
D removal..........................................422 Schedule 80 steel, welded............238
Ductwork specialties Schedule 160 steel,
Daily rental, equipment.....................420
collars............................................343 threaded.............................. 257-258
Dampers
actuator..........................................404 connections...................................343 Schedule 160 steel, welded.... 257-258
correction factors...........................340 dampers................................. 339-340 Type K copper, brazed.............. 34-35
fire..................................................340 flexible connections.......................343 Type K copper, soldered........... 44-45
fusible plug....................................341 turning vanes.................................342 Type K & L copper, roll grooved.....89
rectangular.....................................339 Ductwork, fiberglass Type L copper, brazed.............. 54-55
round.............................................339 fabrication labor.............................395 Type L copper, soldered............ 63-64
Deaerator/condenser, boiler.............201 installation costs............................396 Type M copper, brazed...................72
Deck drains, installation costs..........435 vinyl cover......................................396 Type M copper, soldered........... 81-82
Deep well jet pump...........................313 Ductwork, galvanized steel Emissions reduction module............199
dehumidification.............................300 per pound installed................ 346-347 Emissions sensing............................205
Dehumidifiers............................ 291-292 rectangular.....................................380 Energy recovery
Demolition.........................................422 rectangular 20 gauge............ 378-380 ventilators.............................. 291-292
Department stores, HVAC rectangular 22 gauge............ 373-377 wheel.............................................301
estimates........................................437 rectangular 24 gauge............ 371-373 Engraved nameplates......................421
Dielectric unions.........................38, 122 rectangular 26 gauge............ 369-370 Enthalpy energy and heat recovery.301
Diffusers rectangular fittings................. 381-393 Equipment
air balancing..................................402 round fittings..................................394 nameplates....................................421
ceiling.................................... 334-335 spiral...................................... 356-357 plumbing..........................................19
removal..........................................423 spiral fittings........................... 358-368 rental costs....................................420
Dishwashers.......................................25 DWV pipe Equipment costs...................................7
Disinfection unit..................................25 ABS...............................................150 Estimate detail sheet..........................16
Disposals, garbage.............................25 cast iron.........................................135 Estimates, budget.............................435
Domestic water iron filter....................23 cast iron, hub & spigot...................141 Estimating
Domestic water softeners............. 22-24 copper............................................146 accuracy............................................8
Doors................................................121 polypropylene................................164 guidelines........................................13
Double check detector valves..........171 polypropylene heat-fused..............164 Exclusions............................................8
Downblast ventilation.......................329 PVC...............................................154 Exhaust.............................................327
Drain, waste, vent pipe clothes dryer..................................327
cast iron, hub & spigot...................141 fans........................................ 325-329
cast iron, no-hub............................135 E wall hood.......................................327
copper............................................146 EDPM valves..............................97, 107 Exhauster arrays..............................330
polypropylene................................164 Elastomeric gaskets.........................159 Exhausters........................................329
PVC...............................................154 Elastomeric pipe insulation...............400 Expansion tanks...............................123
Drains...............................................168 Elbows, ductwork
Drawings, as-built.............................421 galvanized steel spiral duct...........358
Drilling wells.....................................316 rectangular, galvanized steel.... 381-390 F
Drinking fountains...............................30 round, galvanized steel.................394 F.O.B....................................................9
disconnect.....................................433 Elbows, pipe Fabrication, fiberglass ductwork.......395
refrigerated......................................30 black steel.............................. 177-178 Fan coil units
removal..........................................432 CPVC sprinkler..............................183 air balancing..................................403
Drinking water tank................... 415-416 Electric water heaters.........................19 HVAC equipment...........................208
467
Fan coils...........................................427 Fittings, pipe Forced air heating, residential..........287

Fan controls......................................327 copper, DWV, soldered.................146 Forced-draft cooling tower................213
Fans expansion tank..............................123 Forklifts, rental..................................420
attic................................................326 M.I., 150 pound.............................224 Forms and letters.............................438
bathroom............................... 326-328 malleable iron, Schedule 40..........266 Fringe benefits......................................6
ceiling exhaust....................... 326-327 polypropylene................................164 Front-end loaders, rental..................420
ceiling mounted.............................326 PVC, DWV.....................................154 Fuel train piping........................ 193-194
centrifugal air foil...........................324 PVC sewer, bell & spigot...............159 Fume hoods, air balancing...............403
centrifugal utility.............................324 PVC, Schedule 40...........................92 Furnace removal..............................425
commercial....................................326 PVC, Schedule 80................. 101-102 Furnaces, residential........................299
exhaust.......................... 326, 328-329 Schedule 10 steel, roll-grooved.....274 high efficiency................................299
exhaust, roof..................................325 Schedule 40 steel, cut-grooved.....280 wall................................................300
humidistat......................................327 Schedule 40 steel, roll-grooved.....267 with A/C.........................................299
kitchen...........................................327 Schedule 40 steel, threaded..........224 Fusible plug dampers.......................341
roof................................................326 Schedule 40 steel, welded............215
room ventilation.............................326 Schedule 80 steel, threaded..........248
speed controller.............................327 Type K copper, brazed....................42
thru-wall.........................................326 Type L copper, brazed....................54
G
timer...............................................327 Type L copper, soldered..................63 Galvanized steel collars...................343
tube-axial.......................................325 Type M copper, brazed...................72 Galvanized steel cooling tower........212
vane-axial......................................324 Type M copper, soldered.................81 Galvanized steel ductwork
ventilation.............................. 326-327 Fixtures installation costs............................345
per pound installed................ 346-347
wall exhaust...................................326 bathroom.........................................28
rectangular............................. 369-380
wall mounted.................................326 disconnect.....................................433
rectangular 20 gauge............ 377-380
washroom.............................. 326-327 estimating costs.............................435
Feedwater pumps, boiler..................197 removal..........................................432
feedwater systems.........................205 Flange adapter, Type K & L
rectangular 26 gauge....................370
Fiberglass copper, roll grooved.........................90
rectangular fittings................. 381-393
blanket...........................................401 Flanges
ductwork........................................396 round.............................................394
CPVC sprinkler pipe......................184
pipe insulation........................ 397-398 round elbow...................................394
polypropylene pipe........................167
pressure tank...................................23 roll grooved, Victaulic....................179 round snap-lock.............................394
rigid board......................................401 Schedule 10 steel, roll-grooved.....276 spiral...................................... 356-357
tank..........................................24, 415 Schedule 40 steel, cut-grooved.....282 spiral coupling................................359
Filter, iron...........................................24 Schedule 40 steel, roll-grooved.....269 spiral crosses......................... 366-368
Fire dampers....................................340 Schedule 40 steel, threaded..........232 spiral elbows..................................358
Fire department connection..............174 Schedule 40 steel, welded............218 spiral tees.............................. 360-365
Fire extinguisher...............................175 Schedule 80 steel, threaded..........253 Galvanized steel pipe sleeves..........153
Fire extinguishing systems...............322 Schedule 80 steel, welded............242 Garbage disposals.............................25
Fire hydrant......................................175 Schedule 160 steel, slip on...........262 Gas furnaces
Fire protection Schedule 160 steel, weld neck......262 high efficiency................................299
CPVC sprinkler pipe......................183 Flanges, companion residential......................................299
fire hose cabinets..........................173 150 pound, threaded.....................122 wall................................................300
plastic sprinkler pipe......................183 150 pound, welding type...............121 with A/C.........................................299
pumps............................................174 300 pound, threaded.....................122 Gas heaters......................................303
Siamese connections....................174 PVC...............................................122 Gas trim connections..........................26
sprinkler fittings...................... 177-181 Flashing Gas valves........................................133
sprinkler heads..............................172 pipe................................................167 Gas water heaters........................ 19-20
sprinkler pipe......................... 176-177 roof............................... 123, 153, 158 tankless...........................................20
steel pipe nipples...........................182 Flat panel water heater....................323 Gaskets
switches.........................................172 Flexible connections, ductwork........343 cast iron, hub & spigot...................145
valves............................................171 Flexible fiberglass duct.....................396 elastomeric....................................159
Fire pumps.......................................174 Flexible pipe connectors...................124 Gate valves
Firebox boilers..................................187 Floor drains......................................168 pipe and plumbing specialty.... 129-130
Fire-rated doors................................121 estimating......................................435 PVC, Schedule 40...........................96
Firetube boilers......................... 186-187 Floor sinks..................................30, 168 PVC, Schedule 80.........................106
Fittings estimating......................................435 Schedule 10 steel, roll-grooved.....276
ductwork........................................359 Schedule 40 steel, cut-grooved.....283
Flues, water heater.............................21
roll grooved......................................89 Schedule 40 steel, roll-grooved.....269
Foot valve.........................................314
468
Schedule 40 steel, threaded... 229-230 Schedule 40 steel, welded............222 High rise offices, HVAC estimates....437
Schedule 40 steel, welded............219 Schedule 80 steel, threaded..........254 Holding tank............................. 415-416
Schedule 80 steel, threaded..........251 Schedule 80 steel, welded............246 Hood, duct kit...................................327
Schedule 80 steel, welded............242 Schedule 160 steel........................265 Hooks, pipe......................................125
Schedule 160 steel, flanged.... 262-263 Type K copper, brazed....................42 Hose bibbs.......................................133
Type K copper, brazed....................39 Type K copper, soldered.................52 Hot and cold water connections.........26
Type K copper, soldered.................49 Type L copper, brazed....................61 Hot water boilers
Type L copper, brazed....................58 Type L copper, soldered..................70 biomass fired......................... 319-320
Type L copper, soldered..................67 Type M copper, brazed...................79 connections, HVAC.......................190
Type M copper, brazed...................76 Type M copper, soldered.................88 gas fired................................. 185-187
Type M copper, soldered.................85 Hangers, pipe...................................124 gas fired, cast iron.........................189
Geothermal PE-AL....................................115, 118 gas fired, steel...............................188
bore holes......................................317 PEX-AL..................................115, 118 high pressure.................................188
heat pump.............................. 306-308 steel band......................................124 oil fired...........................................187
wells...............................................316 Hard water softener...................... 22-24 Hot water reheat coils......................209
Globe valves Head adapter, CPVC........................184 Hot water softener..............................24
pipe and plumbing specialty.... 130-131 Headers, PEX-AL pipe.....................114 Hot water systems
PVC, Schedule 40...........................96 Heads, sprinkler...............................172 piping.............................................214
PVC, Schedule 80.........................106 Heat/cool thermostat........................405 Schedule 40 steel, cut-grooved.....280
Schedule 10 steel, roll-grooved.....277 Heat exchangers Schedule 40 steel, roll-grooved.....266
Schedule 40 steel, cut-grooved.....283 demolition......................................429 Type K copper, brazed....................33
Schedule 40 steel, roll-grooved.....270 HVAC.............................................207 Type K copper, soldered.................43
Schedule 40 steel, threaded..........230 removal..........................................429 Type L copper, brazed....................53
Schedule 40 steel, welded............219 Heat pumps.............................. 307-311 Type L copper, soldered..................62
Schedule 80 steel, threaded..........251 accessories....................................312 Type M copper, brazed...................71
Schedule 80 steel, welded.... 242-243 air to air.........................................309 Type M copper, soldered.................80
Schedule 160 steel, flanged..........263 demolition......................................428 Hot water tank
Type K copper, brazed....................39 geothermal.....................................306 disconnect.....................................433
Type K copper, soldered.................49 removal..........................................428 removal..........................................432
Type L copper, brazed....................58 split system....................................309 Hourly labor costs.................................6
Type L copper, soldered..................67 supplemental electric heating How to use this book............................5
Type M copper, brazed...................76 coil...............................................312 HRV (heat recovery
Type M copper, soldered.................85 thermostats....................................312 ventilators).............................. 291-292
Grease and oil interceptors................25 Heat reclaimer..................................204 Hub & spigot C.I. pipe, DWV............141
Green sand filter.................................23 Heat recovery.................. 203, 205, 301 Humidistat control.............................327
Greywater tank.................................417 Heat recovery systems HVAC
Grilles continuous blowdown....................202 boiler connections..........................190
air balancing..................................403 stack waste....................................199 controls..........................................404
removal..........................................423 Heat recovery ventilators..................292 demolition......................................422
return air........................................333 Heat transfer equipment...................210 HVAC balancing
Ground source heat pump...............306 Heat-A-Lamp®..................................329 air...................................................403
Heaters wet.................................................404
bathroom.......................................328 HVAC equipment
biomass fired.................................321 air conditioning units......................288
H
ceramic..........................................304 air handling equipment..................331
Hair and lint interceptors....................25 commercial....................................304 air handling units................... 289-290
Hanger assemblies boilers.................................... 185-189
gas fired.........................................304
ABS...............................................153
infrared..........................................304 centrifugal blowers.........................324
cast iron, hub & spigot...................145
infrared bulb...................................328 connections, air handling
cast iron, no-hub............................140
infrared tube..................................304 unit....................................... 297-298
copper, DWV, soldered.................149 fan coil units..................................208
residential furnaces.......................299
polypropylene pipe........................167 resistance......................................329 heat exchangers............................207
PVC, DWV.....................................157 unit.................................................303 heat transfer equipment................210
PVC, Schedule 40.........................100 Heat-fusioned joint pipe, pumps............................................206
PVC, Schedule 80.........................110 polypropylene.................................164 reheat coils....................................209
Schedule 10 steel, roll-grooved.....279 Heating systems...............................287 unit heaters....................................210
Schedule 40 steel, cut-grooved.....285 estimating......................................435 variable-air volume units...............337
Schedule 40 steel, roll-grooved.....272 residential......................................287 HVAC systems
Schedule 40 steel, threaded..........232 Help......................................................5 Type K copper, brazed....................33
469
Type K copper, soldered.................43 Laundry sinks.....................................29 N

Type L copper, brazed....................53 disconnect.....................................433
Nail clips
Type L copper, soldered..................62 Lavatories...........................................28
Type M copper, brazed...................71 estimating......................................435 PE-AL pipe............................115, 118
Type M copper, soldered.................80 Lead flashing................... 123, 153, 158 PEX-AL pipe..........................115, 118
Hydrant, fire......................................175 LEED certification..... 185-186, 187-189, Nameplates, equipment...................421
Nipples
Hydraulic benders, rental.................420 ......... 286, 305, 308, 312, 319-320, 322
Schedule 40 steel, threaded... 227-229
Letter of intent.......................... 456-457
steel pipe, fire protection...............182
Libraries, HVAC estimates...............437
Non-taxable fringe benefits..................6
Line voltage thermostat....................405 NPT pump, in-line............... 25, 120-121
I Lined ductwork, installed.......... 346-347 Nursing homes, HVAC estimates.....437
Indicator post....................................175 Low voltage thermostat....................405
Indirect waste connections.................26
Indirect water heater.........................203
Induced-draft cooling tower..............212
M O
Infrared Office buildings, HVAC estimates....437
bulb heater.....................................328 Makeup air units...............................336
Office trailers, rental.........................420
heater............................................304 Malleable iron fittings
Oil fuel train piping...........................205
tube heater....................................304 150 pound......................................214
Old estimates.....................................12
300 pound......................................237
Injector..............................................314 Open loop heat pump............... 307-308
Schedule 10 steel pipe..................274
Installation costs, ductwork..............396 O-rings
Schedule 40 steel, roll-grooved.....266
Instructing, operating personnel.......421 PE-AL pipe............................115, 118
Manganese filters
Instructions for this book......................5 PEX-AL pipe..........................115, 118
green sand.......................................23
Insulation, pipe Overflow drains................................168
iron...................................................23
calcium silicate..............................399 estimating......................................435
elastomeric....................................400 Manhours..............................................5
Overhead and profit..............................7
fiberglass............................... 397-398 Manifolds, PEX-AL pipe...................114
Insulation removal............................434 Manufacturing plants, HVAC
Insurance..............................................6 estimates........................................437
Markers, pipe and duct.....................421 P
Interceptors.........................................25
Iron filter....................................... 23-24 Markets, HVAC estimates................437 Packaged boiler feedwater
Material costs.......................................7 systems..........................................202
accessories......................................23
Iron removal.......................................23 Material pricing conditions....................9 PE-AL pipe............................... 111-115
Materials, Equipment, and PEX-AL pipe............................. 116-118
Irrigation systems
Tool form..........................................10 adapters.........................................113
PVC, Schedule 40...........................91
Maximum working pressures brass fittings..................................111
PVC, Schedule 80.........................101
Type K copper, brazed....................33 caps.......................................114, 117
Type K copper, soldered.................43 compression brass fittings.............116
Type L copper, brazed....................53 couplings....................... 112-113, 117
J Type L copper, soldered..................62 crimp rings.............................115, 118
Jet pump...........................................313 Type M copper, brazed...................71 crimped brass fittings....................111
Type M copper, soldered.................80 ells.......................... 111-112, 116-117
Mechanical joint coupling.................139 hangers..................................115, 118
Mechanical tee, roll grooved, miscellaneous tools...............115, 118
K Victaulic..........................................179 nail clips.................................115, 118
Kitchen equipment..............................25 Medical buildings, HVAC estimates....437 O-rings...................................115, 118
connections.....................................26 MET....................................................10 tees........................................112, 117
Kitchen fixtures worksheet........................................14 valves....................................114, 118
tailpiece connections.......................26 Miscellaneous tools Pipe
trap connections..............................26 PE-AL pipe............................115, 118 connector............................... 123-124
Kitchen sinks......................................29 PEX-AL pipe..........................115, 118 flashing................. 123, 153, 158, 167
disconnect.....................................433 MJ coupling......................................139 hangers..........................................124
Molded stone hooks.............................................125
mop sinks........................................29 markers..........................................421
shower basins..................................28 sleeves................. 125, 153, 158, 167
L Monthly rental, equipment................420 sleeves, cut-grooved.....................285
Labor costs...........................................6 Mop sink, disconnect........................433 Pipe insulation
Laboratories, HVAC estimates.........437 Motels, HVAC estimates..................437 calcium silicate..............................399
Laboratory DWV pipe systems.........164 Museums, HVAC estimates.............437 elastomeric....................................400
470
fiberglass....................... 397-398, 415 fixtures.............................................32 Type L copper, soldered..................69

removal..........................................434 specialties......................................134 Type M copper, brazed...................78
Pipe machines, rental.......................420 Plumbing fixture Type M copper, soldered.................87
Pipe sizes disconnect.....................................433 Pressure pump.................................174
Type K copper, brazed....................33 removal..........................................432 Pressure reducing valves.................133
Type K copper, soldered.................43 Pollution control modules.................199 Pressure switches....................172, 314
Type L copper, brazed....................53 Pollution control stack retrofit....319, 321 Pressure tank....................... 23-24, 314
Polyethylene sewage pit...................417 Pressure/temperature taps
Type L copper, soldered..................62
Polyethylene sump pit......................417 Schedule 10 steel, roll-grooved.....279
Polyethylene-aluminum pipe.... 111-116 Schedule 40 steel, cut-grooved.....285
Polypropylene DWV pipe.................164 Schedule 40 steel, roll-grooved.....272
Piping
adapters.........................................166 Schedule 40 steel, threaded..........232
air handling unit coil............... 297-298
bends.............................................164 Schedule 40 steel, welded............222
cast iron.........................................141
class 110 DI, cement lined............411 bolt and gasket sets......................167 Schedule 80 steel, threaded..........254
class 150 cast iron.........................412 combinations.................................165 Schedule 80 steel, welded............245
class 153 DI, cement lined............407 couplings.......................................166 Schedule 160 steel........................264
class 153 DI, double cement fittings............................................164 Price updates.......................................5
lined.............................................409 flanges...........................................167 Pricing, HVAC systems....................435
class 2400 or 3000 asbestos hanger assemblies........................167 Process systems
cement.........................................413 heat-fused joint pipe......................164 PVC, Schedule 40..................... 91-92
copper............................................146 plugs..............................................166 PVC, Schedule 80................. 101-102
CPVC sprinkler..............................183 P-traps...........................................164 Project summary................................12
polypropylene................................164 reducers.........................................167 Project summary worksheet...............15
PVC...............................................154 riser clamps...................................167 Proposal, preparing............................13
PVC, DWV.....................................154 tees................................................165 P-traps
Schedule 10 steel, wyes...................................... 165-166 ABS...............................................151
roll-grooved......................... 273-274 Polyvinyl chloride pipe cast iron, hub & spigot...................142
Schedule 40 steel, cut-grooved.....280 Schedule 40.....................................91 cast iron, no-hub............................136
Schedule 80...................................101 copper, DWV, soldered.................147
Potable water storage tank..............416 polypropylene pipe........................164
Schedule 40 steel, threaded..........223
Potable water systems PVC, DWV.....................................156
Schedule 40 steel, welded............214
PVC, Schedule 40...........................91 Pulse type boilers.............................322
PVC, Schedule 80.........................101 Pumping unit for boilers...................201
Schedule 80 steel, welded.... 237-238
Type K copper, brazed....................33 Pumps
Piping, removal.................................430
Type K copper, soldered.................43 boiler..............................................205
Piping specialties..............................134
Type L copper, brazed....................53 centrifugal......................................206
Piping systems
Type L copper, soldered..................62 heat........................................ 306-308
chilled water...................................214
Type M copper, brazed...................71 in-line...............................................25
hot water........................................214
Type M copper, soldered.................80 in-line circulating.................... 120-121
recirculating water.........................246
Pressfit removal..........................................431
Planter drains...................................168
fittings............................................234 submersible...................................313
Plastic
Type O o-rings...............................234 sump, installation costs.................435
sewage pit.....................................417
Pressure controller...........................338 well water.......................................313
sprinkler pipe.................................183
sump pit.........................................417 Pressure fiberglass tank.....................24 Purchase order......................... 451-452
tank................................................416 Pressure gauges PVC
Plug dampers, fusible.......................341 dial-type.........................................125 valves, EDPM..........................97, 107
Plugs PVC, Schedule 40.........................100 valves, threaded......................97, 107
cast iron, threaded.........................181 PVC, Schedule 80.........................109 valves, Tru-union.....................97, 107
polypropylene pipe........................166 Schedule 10 steel, roll-grooved.....279 valves, union type, solvent
PVC, Schedule 40...........................95 Schedule 40 steel, cut-grooved.....285 weld.......................................98, 107
PVC, Schedule 80.........................105 Schedule 40 steel, roll-grooved.....271 PVC, DWV pipe................................154
Schedule 40 steel, threaded..........226 Schedule 40 steel, threaded..........232 adapters.........................................156
Schedule 80 steel, threaded..........250 Schedule 40 steel, welded............222 bushings........................................156
Plumbing Schedule 80 steel, threaded..........254 cleanouts.......................................157
budget estimates...........................435 Schedule 80 steel, welded............245 closet flanges......................... 155-156
equipment........................................26 Type K copper, brazed....................41 couplings.......................................156
fixture costs...................................435 Type K copper, soldered.................52 ells.................................................154
fixture rough-in........................... 31-32 Type L copper, brazed....................60 fittings............................................154
471
hanger assemblies........................157 Q Schedule 40 steel, roll-grooved.....268

P-traps...........................................156 Quotation sheet..................................17 Schedule 40 steel, threaded..........225
reducers.........................................157 Schedule 80 steel, threaded..........249
riser clamps...................................157 Reducing valves, pressure...............133
solvent-weld joints.........................154 Refractory, boiler..............................197
tees................................................155 R Refrigeration systems
wyes..............................................155 Rainwater systems, PVC..................159 Type K copper, brazed....................33
PVC, Schedule 40 pipe......................92 Reciprocating water-cooled chiller.....211 Type L copper, brazed....................53
adapters...........................................94 Recirculating water systems.............246 Registers
assembly.........................................91 Record of telephone conversation.....18 return.............................................334
bolt and gasket sets........................99 Recorder, digital...............................405 supply............................................333
bushings..........................................94 Recording equipment.......................205 Reheat coils......................................209
caps.................................................95 Rectangular duct, galvanized Reheat units, variable volume..........337
companion flange............................99 steel........................................345, 380 Removal costs
control valves...................................99 Rectangular elbow, galvanized air cooled condensers...................426
couplings.........................................95 steel................................................390 air handling units...........................424
ells...................................................92 Reducers air mixing box................................423
hanger assemblies........................100 ABS...............................................153 boilers............................................425
plugs................................................95 cast iron, hub & spigot...................144 chillers...........................................426
pressure gauges............................100 cast iron, no-hub............................139 cooling towers................................427
pressure/temperature taps............100 cast iron, threaded.........................180 copper piping.................................430
riser clamps...................................100 class 110 DI, cement lined............411 diffusers.........................................423
solvent-weld joints...........................91 class 150 cast iron.........................412 duct insulation................................434
strainers..................................... 98-99 class 153 DI, cement lined............408 duct mounted coils........................429
tees..................................................93 class 153 DI, double cement ductwork................................ 422-423
thermometers with wells................100 lined.............................................410 fan coils.........................................427
unions..............................................95 class 2400 or 3000 asbestos furnaces.........................................425
valves........................................ 96-99 cement.........................................414 grilles.............................................423
PVC, Schedule 80 pipe............ 101-102 copper, DWV, soldered.................148 heat exchangers............................429
adapters.........................................104 galvanized steel spiral duct...........359 heat pumps....................................428
assembly............................... 101-102 polypropylene pipe........................167 hot water tank................................432
bolt and gasket sets......................109 PVC...............................................163 pipe insulation................................434
bushings........................................104 PVC, DWV.....................................157 plastic piping..................................430
caps...............................................105 plumbing fixtures...........................432
roll grooved, Victaulic....................178
companion flanges........................109 pumps............................................431
couplings.......................................105 roof top unit...................................424
Schedule 40 steel, cut-grooved.....282
ells......................................... 102-103 steel piping....................................430
hanger assemblies........................110 unit heaters....................................428
plugs..............................................105 Schedule 40 steel, welded............217 valves............................................431
pressure gauges............................109 Schedule 80 steel, threaded..........249 Rental costs, equipment...................420
pressure/temperature taps............110 Schedule 80 steel, welded.... 240-241 Residences, HVAC estimates..........437
riser clamps...................................110 Schedule 160 steel, welded.... 260-261 Residential fixture rough-ins...............32
solvent-weld joints.........................101 Type K copper, brazed....................37 Residential furnaces................. 299-300
strainers.........................................108 Type K copper, soldered.................47 Residential water heaters............. 19-20
tees................................................103 Type K & L copper, roll grooved.....90 Resistance heater............................329
thermometers with wells................109 Type L copper, brazed....................56 Retail shops, HVAC estimates.........437
unions............................................105 Type L copper, soldered..................65 Retrofit pollution control stack.... 319-321
valves.................................... 106-109 Type M copper, brazed...................74 Return air grilles...............................333
PVC sewer pipe, bell & spigot..........159 Type M copper, soldered.................83 Return registers................................334
1/16 bend.......................................159 Reducing costs.....................................9 Riser clamps
1/8 bend................................. 159-160 Reducing ells, Schedule 5 steel, ABS...............................................153
1/4 bend.........................................160 pressfit............................................235 cast iron, hub & spigot...................145
adapters.........................................163 Reducing tees cast iron, no-hub............................140
caps...............................................163 cast iron.........................................180 copper, DWV, soldered.................149
couplings.......................................160 CPVC sprinkler pipe......................183 pipe and plumbing specialty..........125
gasket joints...................................159 polypropylene pipe........................167
roll grooved, Victaulic....................178
reducers.........................................163 PVC, DWV.....................................157
Schedule 5 steel, pressfit..............236
tees................................................162 PVC, Schedule 40.........................100
test plugs.......................................163 PVC, Schedule 80.........................110
Schedule 40 steel, cut-grooved.....281
wyes...................................... 160-162
472
Schedule 10 steel, roll-grooved.....279 hanger assemblies........................279 companion flanges........................232

Schedule 40 steel, cut-grooved.....285 horizontal assembly.......................273 control valves......................... 231-232
Schedule 40 steel, roll-grooved.....272 pressure gauges............................279 couplings.......................................226
Schedule 40 steel, threaded..........233 pressure/temperature taps............279 crosses..........................................225
Schedule 40 steel, welded............222 reducers.........................................275 ells.................................................224
Schedule 80 steel, threaded..........254 reducing tees.................................275 fire protection.................................180
Schedule 80 steel, welded............246 riser clamps...................................279 hanger assemblies........................232
Schedule 160 steel........................265 strainers.........................................278 horizontal assembly.......................223
Type K copper, brazed....................42 tees................................................274 nipples................................... 227-229
Type K copper, soldered.................52 thermometers with wells................279 plugs..............................................226
Type L copper, brazed....................61 valves.................................... 276-278 pressure gauges............................232
Type L copper, soldered..................70 vertical assembly...........................273 pressure/temperature taps............232
Type M copper, brazed...................79 Schedule 40 reducers.........................................225
Type M copper, soldered.................88 threadolet.......................................134 reducing tees.................................225
Rolairtrol type air separators............201
weldolet.........................................134 riser clamps...................................233
Roll-grooved fittings..........................179
Schedule 40 carbon steel pipe.........215 strainers.........................................231
Roll-grooved joint, Schedule 40
Schedule 40 carbon steel pipe, tees................................................224
carbon steel....................................266
cut grooved....................................280 thermometers with wells................232
Roof adapters.........................................281 unions............................................226
drains.............................................168 bolt and gasket sets......................284 valves............................ 227, 229-231
exhaust fan....................................325 caps...............................................282 vertical assembly...........................223
fans................................................326 couplings.......................................282 Schedule 40 carbon steel pipe,
flashing......................... 123, 153, 158 ells.................................................280
welded............................................214
Roof exhauster.................................326 flanges...........................................282
Roof top unit, removal......................424 bolt and gasket sets......................222
hanger assemblies........................285
Rough-ins caps....................................... 217-218
pipe sleeves...................................285
commercial fixture...........................31 pressure gauges............................285 companion flanges........................218
commercial group............................32 pressure/temperature taps............285 ells.................................................215
residential........................................32 reducers.........................................282 pressure gauges............................222
Round galvanized steel ductwork....394 reducing tees.................................281 pressure/hanger assemblies.........222
Roustabouts, rental..........................420 riser clamps...................................285 pressure/temperature tap..............222
Run and branch, tees, galvanized strainers.........................................284 reducers.........................................217
steel................................................365 tees................................................281 riser clamp.....................................222
thermometers with wells................285 strainers................................. 220-221
valves.................................... 283-284 tees................................................216
S Schedule 40 carbon steel pipe, thermometers with wells................222
Saddle tee, roll grooved, Victaulic....179 roll-grooved............................ 266-267 threadolets.....................................218
Safety, trenching..............................418 adapters.........................................268 valves.................................... 219-221
Sandstone, trenching.......................418 bolt and gasket sets......................271 vertical assembly...........................214
Sanitary tees caps...............................................269 weldolets........................................218
cast iron DWV pipe........................142 couplings.......................................269 Schedule 40 polypropylene pipe......164
polypropylene pipe........................165 ells.................................................267 Schedule 40 PVC pipe................. 91-92
Schedule, construction............. 453-455 flanges...........................................269 Schedule 80
Schedule 5 carbon steel pipe, hanger assemblies........................272 PVC pipe.......................................101
pressfit............................................234 horizontal assembly.......................266 threadolet.......................................134
adapters.........................................236 pressure gauges............................271 weldolet.........................................134
couplings............................... 235-236 pressure/temperature taps............272 Schedule 80 carbon steel pipe,
ells......................................... 234-235 reducers.........................................268 threaded................................. 247-248
reducing ells..................................235 reducing tees.................................268 bolt and gasket sets......................253
reducing tees.................................236
riser clamps...................................272 caps...............................................250
tees................................................236
strainers.........................................271 couplings.......................................251
Schedule 10 carbon steel pipe,
tees................................................267 crosses..........................................250
roll-grooved....................................273
thermometers with wells................271 ells.................................................248
adapters.........................................275
valves.................................... 269-271 flanges...........................................253
bolt and gasket sets......................279
vertical assembly...........................266 hanger assemblies........................254
caps...............................................276
Schedule 40 carbon steel pipe, horizontal assembly.......................247
couplings.......................................276
threaded.........................................224 plugs..............................................250
ells.................................................274
bolt and gasket sets......................232 pressure gauges............................254
flanges...........................................276
caps...............................................226 pressure/temperature taps............254
473
reducers.........................................249 Sensor Solar water heater............................323

reducing tees.................................249 CO2...............................................405 Solder, soft...................................33, 43
riser clamps...................................254 HVAC controls...............................404 Soldered joint fittings
strainers................................. 252-253 Septic tank........................................415 Type K copper.................................43
tees................................................249 Service sinks......................................29 Type L copper.................................62
thermometers with wells................254 estimating......................................435 Soldered joint pipe........................43, 80
unions............................................250 Sewage lift tank................................417 copper, DMV..................................146
valves.................................... 251-253 Type K copper.................................43
Sewage tank.....................................415
vertical assembly...........................247 Type L copper.................................62
Sewer pipe, PVC bell & spigot.........159
Schedule 80 carbon steel pipe, Shale, trenching...............................418 Type M copper................................80
welded............................................238 Shallow well water pump..................313 Solenoid valves................................204
bolt and gasket sets......................245 Sheet metal.............................. 346-347 Solvent-weld joint pipe
caps...............................................241 Shoring, trench.................................418 PVC, DWV.....................................154
ells.................................................238 Shower stall PVC, Schedule 40...........................91
flanges...........................................242 disconnect.....................................433 PVC, Schedule 80.........................101
hanger assemblies........................246 removal..........................................432 Specialties, piping and plumbing......134
horizontal assembly.......................237 Showers..............................................28 Speed controller, fan........................327
pressure gauges............................245 estimating......................................435 Spin-ins, plain...................................343
pressure/temperature tap..............245 Siamese connection.........................174 Spiral crosses, galvanized
reducers................................. 240-241 Silent check valves steel........................................ 366-368
riser clamps...................................246 pipe and plumbing specialty..........129 Spiral duct, galvanized
strainers.........................................244 PVC, Schedule 40...........................98 steel......................... 356-357, 366-368
tees........................................ 239-240 PVC, Schedule 80.........................108 Spiral tees, galvanized steel....363, 365
thermometers with wells................245 Schedule 10 steel, roll-grooved.....278 Sprinkler fittings........................ 177-181
threadolets.....................................242 Schedule 40 steel, cut-grooved.....284 Sprinkler heads................................172
unions............................................241 Schedule 40 steel, roll-grooved.....270 Sprinkler systems
valves.................................... 242-245 Schedule 40 steel, threaded..........231 black steel pipe...................... 176-177
vertical assembly...........................237 Schedule 40 steel, welded............220 branch pipe and fittings.................182
weldolets........................................241 Schedule 80 steel, threaded..........252 heads.............................................172
Schedule 160 carbon steel pipe, Schedule 80 steel, welded............244 per head costs...............................170
plain end.........................................256 Type K copper, brazed....................40 square foot costs...........................170
Schedule 160 carbon steel pipe, Type K copper, soldered.................50 switches.........................................172
threaded.........................................255 Type L copper, brazed....................59 valves............................................171
ells......................................... 257-258 Type L copper, soldered..................68 Square-foot costs, HVAC.................435
horizontal assembly.......................255 Type M copper, brazed...................77 Stack waste, heat recovery..............199
tees................................................259 Type M copper, soldered.................86 Stainless steel
unions............................................260 Sinks............................................. 28-30 doors..............................................121
vertical assembly...........................256 sinks................................................29
acrylic..............................................29
Schedule 160 carbon steel pipe, Standard form subcontract...............448
bar...................................................29
welded............................................255 Steam boiler connections, HVAC.....190
cast iron...........................................29
Steam boilers
bolt and gasket sets......................264 countertop........................................28 biomass fired.................................320
caps...............................................261 disconnect.....................................433 connections...................................190
ells......................................... 257-258 exam room.......................................29 gas fired.........................................185
flanges...........................................262 kitchen.............................................29 Steam heating boilers.......................189
hanger assemblies........................265 laboratory.........................................29 Steam systems, piping.....................238
horizontal assembly.......................255 laundry.............................................29 Steam traps..............................125, 204
pressure gauges............................264 medical............................................29 Steel collars......................................343
pressure/temperature taps............264 molded stone...................................29 Steel doors.......................................121
reducers................................. 260-261 mop..................................................29 Steel ductwork,
riser clamps...................................265 removal..........................................432 galvanized...................... 356-357, 359
tees................................................259 slop..................................................30 fittings............................................358
thermometers with wells................264 stainless steel..................................29
Steel pipe
threadolets.....................................262 Skip loaders, rental...........................420
black...................................... 176-177
unions............................................260 Sleeves
cooling systems.............................234
valves.................................... 262-264 galvanized steel pipe.............153, 158
polypropylene pipe........................167 heating systems.............................234
weldolets........................................261 nipples, threaded...................182, 229
Schedule 80 PVC pipe.....................102 Slop sink, disconnect........................433
Slope, trench....................................418 pressfit system...............................234
Scissor-lifts, rental............................420
Softener, water...................................22 process applications......................234
Scotch marine firetube boilers.... 186-187
Software...........................................338 Steel pipe fittings, Schedule 40
Self-sticking markers........................421
474
steel, roll-grooved...........................266 pressure/temperature taps............272 caps...............................................250

Steel pipe nipples, threaded..... 227-229 reducers.........................................268 control valves.................................253
Steel pipe, Schedule 5 pressfit.........234 reducing tees.................................268 couplings.......................................251
adapters.........................................236 riser clamps...................................272 crosses..........................................250
couplings............................... 235-236 strainers.........................................271 ells.................................................248
ells......................................... 234-235 tees................................................267 flanges...........................................253
reducing ells..................................235 thermometers with wells................271 gate valves....................................251
reducing tees.................................236 valves.................................... 269-271 globe valves...................................251
tees................................................236 Steel pipe, Schedule 40 hanger assemblies........................254
Steel pipe, Schedule 10 threaded.........................................224 plugs..............................................250
roll-grooved............................ 273-274 ball valves......................................230 pressure gauges............................254
adapters.........................................275 bolt and gasket sets......................232 pressure/temperature taps............254
bolt and gasket sets......................279 butterfly valves...............................230 reducers.........................................249
caps...............................................276 caps...............................................226 reducing tees.................................249
control valves.................................278 companion flanges........................232 riser clamps...................................254
couplings.......................................276 control valves.................................231 silent check valves........................252
ells.................................................274 couplings.......................................226 strainers................................. 252-253
flanges...........................................276 crosses..........................................225 swing check valves........................252
hanger assemblies........................279 ells.................................................224 tees................................................249
horizontal assembly.......................273 hanger assemblies........................232 thermometers with wells................254
pressure gauges............................279 horizontal assembly.......................223 unions............................................250
pressure/temperature taps............279 nipples................................... 227-229 valves............................................253
reducers.........................................275 plugs..............................................226 Steel pipe, Schedule 80
reducing tees.................................275 pressure gauges............................232 welded.................................... 237-238
riser clamps...................................279 pressure/temperature taps............232 bolt and gasket sets......................245
strainers.........................................278 reducers.........................................225 butterfly valves...............................243
tees................................................274 riser clamps...................................233 caps...............................................241
thermometers with wells................279 silent check valves........................231 control valves......................... 244-245
valves.................................... 276-278 strainers.........................................231 ells.................................................238
vertical assembly...........................273 swing check valves........................231 flanges...........................................242
Steel pipe, Schedule 40 tees........................................ 224-225 gate valves....................................242
cut-grooved....................................280 thermometers with wells................232 globe valves........................... 242-243
adapters.........................................281 unions............................................226 hanger assemblies........................246
bolt and gasket sets......................284 valves............................ 229-230, 232 pressure gauges............................245
caps...............................................282 vertical assembly...........................223 pressure/temperature tap..............245
couplings.......................................282 Steel pipe, Schedule 40 reducers................................. 240-241
ells.................................................280 welded.................................... 214-215 riser clamps...................................246
flanges...........................................282 bolt and gasket sets......................222 silent check valves........................244
hanger assemblies........................285 caps...............................................217 strainers.........................................244
pipe sleeves...................................285 control valves.................................221 swing check valves........................243
pressure gauges............................285 ells.................................................215 tees........................................ 239-240
pressure/temperature taps............285 flanges...........................................218 thermometers with wells................245
reducers.........................................282 hanger assemblies........................222 threadolets.....................................242
reducing tees.................................281 pressure gauges............................222 unions............................................241
riser clamps...................................285 pressure/temperature tap..............222 valves............................................245
strainers.........................................284 reducers.........................................217 weldolets........................................241
tees................................................281 riser clamp.....................................222 Steel pipe, Schedule 160.................256
thermometers with wells................285 strainers................................. 220-221 bolt and gasket sets......................264
valves.................................... 283-284 tees................................................216 ells.................................................258
Steel pipe, Schedule 40 thermometers................................222 hanger assemblies........................265
roll-grooved....................................266 threadolets.....................................218 pressure gauges............................264
adapters.........................................268 unions............................................218 pressure/temperature taps............264
bolt and gasket sets......................271 valves.................................... 219-221 riser clamps...................................265
caps...............................................269 weldolets........................................218 thermometers with wells................264
couplings.......................................269 Steel pipe, Schedule 80 Steel pipe, Schedule 160
ells.................................................267 threaded................................. 247-248 plain end.........................................256
flanges...........................................269 ball valves......................................252 Steel pipe, Schedule 160
hanger assemblies........................272 bolt and gasket sets......................253 threaded................................. 256-260
pressure gauges............................271 butterfly valves....................... 251-252 ells......................................... 257-258
475
horizontal assembly.......................255 Schedule 10 steel, roll-grooved.....277 class 2400 or 3000 asbestos

tees................................................259 Schedule 40 steel, cut-grooved.....283 cement.........................................414
unions............................................260 Schedule 40 steel, roll-grooved.....270 copper, DWV, soldered.................147
vertical assembly...........................256 Schedule 40 steel, threaded..........231 CPVC sprinkler pipe......................183
Steel pipe, Schedule 160 welded.....256 Schedule 40 steel, welded............220 PE-AL pipe............................112, 117
caps...............................................261 Schedule 80 steel, threaded..........252 PEX-AL pipe..........................112, 117
ells......................................... 257-258 Schedule 80 steel, welded............243 polypropylene pipe........................165
flanges...........................................262 Schedule 160 steel, flanged..........263 PVC, DWV.....................................155
horizontal assembly.......................255 Type K copper, brazed....................40 PVC, Schedule 40...........................93
reducers................................. 260-261 Type K copper, soldered.................50 PVC, Schedule 80.........................103
tees................................................259 Type L copper, brazed....................59 PVC sewer, bell & spigot...............162
threadolets.....................................262 Type L copper, soldered..................68 roll grooved, Victaulic............ 178-179
unions............................................260 Schedule 5 steel, pressfit..............236
valves.................................... 262-264 Schedule 10 steel, roll-grooved.....274
vertical assembly...........................256 Schedule 40 steel, cut-grooved.....281
Switches, sprinkler system...............172
weldolets........................................261 Schedule 40 steel, roll-grooved.....267
Steel piping, removal........................430 Schedule 40 steel, threaded..........224
Storage vans, rental.........................420 Schedule 40 steel, welded............216
T Schedule 80 steel, threaded..........249
Stores, HVAC estimates...................437
Strainers Table of contents..................................3 Schedule 80 steel, welded.... 239-240
pipe and plumbing specialty.... 131-132 Tables Schedule 160 steel, threaded........259
PVC, Schedule 40..................... 98-99 budget estimates...........................435 Schedule 160 steel, welded..........259
PVC, Schedule 80.........................108 trenching costs...................... 417-419 spiral, galvanized steel.......... 360-365
Schedule 10 steel, roll-grooved.....278 Tailpiece connections.........................26 Type K copper, brazed.............. 35-36
Schedule 40 steel, cut-grooved.....284 Tank tee...........................................314 Type K copper, soldered........... 45-46
Schedule 40 steel, roll-grooved.....271 Tankless water heaters..............20, 203 Type K & L copper, roll grooved.....89
Schedule 40 steel, threaded..........231 Tanks Type L copper, brazed....................55
Schedule 40 steel, welded.... 220-221 above ground.................................416 Type L copper, soldered..................64
Schedule 80 steel, buried..................................... 415-416 Type M copper, brazed...................73
threaded.............................. 252-253 deep burial............................. 415-416 Type M copper, soldered.................82
Schedule 80 steel, welded............244 drinking water........................ 415-416 with run and branch, galvanized
Type K copper, brazed....................40 expansion......................................123 steel.............................................365
Type K copper, soldered.................51 fiberglass.......................................415 Terminal box controller.....................338
Type L copper, brazed....................59 greywater.......................................417 Terminal boxes, air balancing..........402
Type L copper, soldered..................68 heat/cool........................................405 Test caps
Type M copper, brazed...................77 holding................................... 415-416 ABS DWV......................................152
Type M copper, soldered.................86 line voltage....................................405 copper, DWV, soldered.................148
Subcontract low voltage.....................................405 Test plugs, PVC sewer, bell
change order.................................450 plastic.................................... 416-417 & spigot..........................................163
forms..............................................447 polyethylene..................................416 Test tees, copper, DWV, soldered...148
Submersible pump...........................313 septic..................................... 415-416 Theaters, HVAC estimates...............437
Submittal data.......................... 458-459 sewage..........................................415 Thermometers with wells
Submittal index.................................460 sewage lift......................................417 pipe and plumbing specialty..........126
Suction diffusers...............................120 sewer.............................................416 PVC, Schedule 40.........................100
Sump pit...........................................417 shallow burial......................... 415-416 PVC, Schedule 80.........................109
Sump pumps, installation costs........435 sump..............................................417 Schedule 10 steel, roll-grooved.....279
Supermarkets, HVAC estimates.......437 swimming pool...............................291 Schedule 40 steel, cut-grooved.....285
Supervision expense............................6 water..............................................416 Schedule 40 steel, roll-grooved.....271
Supervision valves Taxable fringe benefits.........................6 Schedule 40 steel, threaded..........232
flanged...........................................170 Taxes....................................................6 Schedule 40 steel, welded............222
grooved..........................................171 Tees Schedule 80 steel, threaded..........254
Supply registers................................333 ABS....................................... 151-152 Schedule 80 steel, welded............245
Supports, wall bracket......................124 cast iron, hub & spigot...................142 Schedule 160 steel........................264
Surplus materials................................10 cast iron, no-hub.................... 138-139 Type K copper, brazed....................41
Swimming pool heat recovery cast iron, threaded.........................180 Type K copper, soldered.................52
ventilators.......................................291 class 110 DI, cement lined............411 Type L copper, brazed....................60
Swing check valves class 150 cast iron.........................412 Type L copper, soldered..................69
pipe and plumbing specialty.... 127-128 class 153 DI, cement lined............407 Type M copper, brazed...................78
PVC, Schedule 40...........................98 class 153 DI, double cement Type M copper, soldered.................87
PVC, Schedule 80.........................108 lined.............................................410 Thermostats, heat pump..................312
476
Threadolets riser clamps.....................................52 reducers...........................................74

pipe and plumbing specialty..........134 strainers...........................................51 riser clamps.....................................79
Schedule 40 steel, welded............218 tees............................................ 45-46 strainers...........................................77
Schedule 80 steel, welded............242 thermometers with wells..................52 tees..................................................73
Schedule 160 steel, welded..........262 unions..............................................48 thermometers with wells..................78
Tier IV...............................................199 valves........................................ 49-51 unions..............................................75
Timer, fan.........................................327 Type K & L copper pipe, valves........................................ 76-78
Tin solder......................... 33, 43, 62, 80 roll grooved Type M copper pipe, soldered...... 80-81
Toilet coupling...........................................90 adapters...........................................83
disconnect.....................................433 ells...................................................89 bolt and gasket sets........................87
flange adapter..................................90 bushings..........................................84
removal..........................................432
reducers...........................................90 caps.................................................84
Tools.........................................115, 118
tees..................................................89 companion flanges..........................87
Trailers, office, rental........................420
valves..............................................90 couplings.........................................84
Transceiver.......................................338
Trap primers, installation costs........435 Type L copper pipe, brazed......... 53-54 ells............................................. 81-82
Traps with bushing connections.........26 adapters...........................................56 hanger assemblies..........................88
Traps, steam....................................125 bolt and gasket sets........................60 pressure gauges..............................87
Treatment tank.................................417 bushings..........................................57 pressure/temperature taps..............87
Triple duty valves.............................120 cap...................................................57 reducers...........................................83
Trucks, rental....................................420 companion flanges..........................60 riser clamps.....................................88
Tub couplings.........................................57 strainers...........................................86
disconnect.....................................433 ells...................................................54 tees..................................................82
removal..........................................432 hanger assemblies..........................61 thermometers with wells..................87
Tub and shower combinations...........28 pressure gauges..............................60 unions..............................................84
Tube-axial fan...................................325 pressure/temperature taps..............61 valves........................................ 85-87
Turning vanes...................................342 reducers...........................................56
Tutorial..................................................5 riser clamps.....................................61
Type I and II PVC strainers...........................................59 U
pipe.............................. 91-92, 101-102 tees..................................................55
U-bolts, galvanized...........................124
Type K copper pipe, brazed......... 33-34 thermometers with wells..................60
Ultra-violet
adapters...........................................37 unions..............................................57
disinfection.......................................25
bolt and gasket sets........................41 valves........................................ 58-60
water treatment................................25
bushings..........................................38 Type L copper pipe, soldered....... 62-63
Underground piping, PVC................159
caps.................................................38 adapters...........................................65
bolt and gasket sets........................69 Unions
companion flanges..........................41
bushings..........................................66 dielectric........................................122
couplings.........................................38
caps.................................................66 PVC, Schedule 40...........................95
ells...................................................34
companion flanges..........................69 PVC, Schedule 80.........................105
hanger assemblies..........................42
couplings.........................................66 Schedule 40 steel, threaded..........226
pressure gauges..............................41
ells............................................. 63-64 Schedule 40 steel, welded............218
pressure/temperature taps..............42
hanger assemblies..........................70 Schedule 80 steel, threaded..........250
reducers...........................................37
pressure gauges..............................69 Schedule 80 steel, welded............241
riser clamps.....................................42
pressure/temperature taps..............69 Schedule 160 steel, threaded........260
strainers...........................................40
reducers...........................................65 Schedule 160 steel, welded..........260
tees............................................ 35-36
riser clamps.....................................70 Type K copper, brazed....................38
thermometers with wells..................41
strainers...........................................68 Type K copper, soldered.................48
unions..............................................38
tees..................................................64 Type L copper, brazed....................57
valves........................................ 39-41
thermometers with wells..................69 Type L copper, soldered..................66
Type K copper pipe, soldered...... 43-44
unions..............................................66 Type M copper, brazed...................75
adapters..................................... 47-48
valves........................................ 67-69 Type M copper, soldered.................84
bolt and gasket sets........................52
Type M copper pipe, brazed........ 71-72 Unit heaters..............................210, 303
bushings..........................................48
adapters...........................................74 connections...................................210
caps.................................................48
bolt and gasket sets........................78 demolition......................................428
companion flanges..........................51
bushings..........................................75 gas fired.........................................210
couplings.........................................49
caps.................................................75 hot water........................................301
ells............................................. 44-45
couplings.........................................75 HVAC connections........................210
hanger assemblies..........................52
ells...................................................72 removal..........................................428
pressure gauges..............................52
hanger assemblies..........................79 steam.............................................302
pressure/temperature taps..............52
pressure gauges..............................78 Upblast ventilation............................330
reducers...........................................47
pressure/temperature taps..............78 Updates................................................5
477
Urinals................................................27 Type K copper, soldered.................50 residential.................................. 19-20

disconnect.....................................433 Type L copper, brazed....................60 solar...............................................323
estimating......................................435 Type L copper, soldered............ 67-69 tankless...........................................20
Using this book.....................................5 Type M copper, brazed............. 76-78 tankless indirect.............................203
Utility fan...........................................324 Type M copper, soldered........... 85-87 Water meters
UV disinfection unit.............................25 Vane-axial fan..................................324 by-pass and connection
Vans, storage, rental........................420 assembly.....................................119
Variable-air volume compound type..............................119
V cooling units...................................337 turbine type....................................119
Vacuum breakers.....................120, 204 reheat units....................................337 Water motor gong.............................175
atmospheric...................................120 Vent systems....................................435 Water pump......................................313
hose connection............................120 cast iron, hub & spigot...................141 Water softener.............................. 22-24
Value engineering................................9 cast iron, no-hub............................141 accessories......................................23
Valves copper............................................146 Water softening systems, boiler.......198
air admittance................................328 PVC, DWV.....................................154 Water source heat pump.......... 307-308
alarm..............................................171 Ventilation Water storage tank...........................416
check, flanged...............................171 ductwork................................ 346-347 Water wells, drilling..........................316
check, grooved..............................171 exhausters.....................................329
Watertube boilers.............................188
control............................................221 fans........................................ 326-327
Weekly rental, equipment.................420
double check detector...................171 Ventilator, heat recovery..................301
Welding machines, rental.................420
dry..................................................171 Vents, air..........................................121
Weldolets
Verantis............................................199
fire protection.................................171 pipe and plumbing specialty..........134
Victaulic roll-grooved fittings..... 177-179
PE-AL pipe............................114, 118 Schedule 40 steel, welded............218
PEX-AL pipe..........................114, 118 Schedule 80 steel, welded............241
pipe and plumbing Schedule 160 steel, welded..........261
specialty...................... 126-128, 133 Wells
PVC, Schedule 40..................... 96-99 W - X- Y - Z
drilling............................................316
PVC, Schedule 80................. 106-109 Wall exhauster..................................326
geothermal.....................................316
PVC, threaded.........................97, 107 Wall fan............................................326
pipe................................................314
PVC, Tru-union........................97, 107 Wash fountains, installation costs....435
PVC, union type, solvent water pump....................................313
Waste heat controls..........................203
weld.......................................98, 107 Waste systems Well-to-well heat pump............. 307-308
removal..........................................431 cast iron, hub & spigot...................141 Wheel, heat recovery.......................301
Schedule 40 steel, cast iron, no-hub............................141 Wireless transceiver.........................338
cut-grooved......................... 283-284 copper............................................146 Wyes
Schedule 40 steel, roll-grooved.....271 PVC...............................................154 ABS....................................... 151-152
Schedule 40 steel, threaded..........232 PVC, DWV.....................................154 cast iron, hub & spigot........... 143-144
Schedule 40, welded.....................221 Water closets......................................27 cast iron, no-hub.................... 136-138
Schedule 80 steel, threaded..........253 disconnect.....................................433 class 150 cast iron.........................412
Schedule 80 steel, welded............245 estimating......................................435 class 153 DI, cement lined............408
Schedule 160 steel, flanged..........263 Water coil piping...............................294 class 153 DI, double cement
solenoid.........................................204 lined.............................................410
Water connections, hot and cold........26
solvent weld.............................97, 107
Water cooled chiller connection.......211 class 2400 or 3000 asbestos
sprinkler system.............................171
Water hammer arresters..................133 cement.........................................414
supervision, flanged.......................170
Water heaters copper, DWV, soldered.................147
supervision, grooved.....................171
commercial................................ 19-20 polypropylene pipe................ 165-166
tags................................................421
connections.....................................21 PVC, DWV.....................................155
triple duty.......................................120
estimating......................................435 PVC sewer, bell & spigot....... 160-162
Type K copper, brazed....................40
478

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Cover design by: Jennifer Johnson

© 2016 Craftsman Book Company

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Residential HVAC Assemblies............................ 286

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Heat Recovery Ventilators - Commercial.......... 291 Fiberglass Pipe Insulation................................... 397

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How to Use This Book

If the work you’re estimating won’t be done under Correction

Average Hourly Cost

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F.O.B. Factory F.F.A. (Free On Board at the Factory,

Project ID Job Location

Project ID ____________________________________________________ Job Location __________________________________________________

Thumbnail Summary Labor Material Equipment Subcontract Deployed RN/RS Total

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Crew @ Manhours Materials Labor Equipment Subcontract

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Description Delivery Time Price

Date: Time: Project:

Description Craft@Hrs Unit Material $ Labor $ Equipment $ Total $

Electric domestic hot water heater (commercial), 208/240 volt. Set in

Gas-fired domestic hot water heater (residential). Set in place only,

Description Craft@Hrs Unit Material $ Labor $ Equipment $ Total $

Gas-fired domestic hot water heater (commercial), standard

Gas-fired domestic hot water heater (commercial), energy miser. Set

Tankless electric point-of-use water heaters. Ambient pressure, DOE and

Description Craft@Hrs Unit Material $ Labor $ Equipment $ Total $

Domestic hot water heater connection assembly. Includes supply, return,

Domestic water heater combustion vent connection. Make additional

Description Craft@Hrs Unit Material $ Labor $ Equipment $ Total $

Water softener, mechanically-metered controller. Including brine tank,

Description Craft@Hrs Unit Material $ Labor $ Equipment $ Total $

Water softener, electronically-metered controller. Including brine tank,

Water softener accessories

Iron filter, electronically-metered controller. Manganese green sand filter.

Iron filter accessories

Description Craft@Hrs Unit Material $ Labor $ Equipment $ Total $

Combination iron filter/water softener. Zeolite resins soften water and

Hot water softener, time clock controller. Brass valve construction.

Pressure tank, fiberglass wound. Labor includes setting in place,

Description Craft@Hrs Unit Material $ Labor $ Equipment $ Total $

Hanger with swivel assembly

Maximum Working Pressures (PSIG)*

Description Craft@Hrs Unit Material $ Labor $ Equipment $ Total $

Type M copper pipe with soft-soldered joints installed horizontally.

Description Craft@Hrs Unit Material $ Labor $ Equipment $ Total $

Type M copper pipe with soft-soldered joints, installed risers.

Type M copper pipe with soft-soldered joints, pipe only

Type M copper 45-degree ell C x C with soft-soldered joints

Type M copper 90-degree ell C x C with soft-soldered joints

Description Craft@Hrs Unit Material $ Labor $ Equipment $ Total $

Type M copper 90-degree ell ftg. x C with soft-soldered joint

Type M copper tee C x C x C with soft-soldered joints

Type M copper branch reducing tee C x C x C with soft-soldered joints

Description Craft@Hrs Unit Material $ Labor $ Equipment $ Total $

Type M copper reducer with soft-soldered joints

Type M copper adapter C x MPT with soft-soldered joint

Type M copper adapter C x FPT with soft-soldered joint

Project ID __ Job Location