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SUMMARY
Many countries in the region have experimented reforms during the 60s. In our case
there were fourth Peruvian reforms; these reforms have changed the distribution of
the Peruvian land property. We can also notice that the most common size of land
property in this new distribution is from 1 to 5 ha.
Is important to recognize the develop of the percent of rural population in different
cities of the country. By the years those rates have changed in contrast with the
urban growth which is notorious in our capital city.
Our country counts with three principals watersheds such as Pacifico, Amazonas,
and Titicaca. However, only Amazonas watershed counts with almost 98 percent of
the hydric availability and this is why the irrigation projects in the coast depend of
this river. Something the we have to be concern is about our irrigation systems which
is mainly inefficient (70%). This is due to that we haven’t improve irrigation systems
during the last decades.
Therefore we must to considerate the national average of each kind of crops that we
are going to cultivate procuring avoid low productivity.
Its main resource is the genetic one with 25,000 plants, including 4,400
species of native plants with use known as food, medicinal, ornamental,
spices, dyeing. On the other hand there are the gynecological, aromatic and
cosmetic properties since Peru is a very diverse country. Finally its wide
variety of climates allows to cultivate any type of crop even throughout the
year.
One of the main limitations of the agricultural sector is the low level of agrarian
and rural development that generated problems of dependence and food
insecurity, rural migration and poverty and social exclusion. All these
elements were a direct cause of a low quality of life. It was identified that the
central problem "Low level of agrarian and rural development" has as direct
causes:
a. Low level of competitiveness and agricultural profitability
b. Unsustainable use of natural resources
c. Limited access to basic and productive services
d. Weak institutional development of the agrarian sector
Non-traditional products are products that tend to have a higher added value.
As of 1999, the non-traditional tended to predominate in an absolute way. The
decrease in the figure of Peru as a raw material exporting country occurred
with much greater force in the agricultural sector. Currently, in this sector,
Peru is a net exporter of products with high added value (non-traditional
products).
4. - The sea level would increase, which would be a threat to the valuable
coastal agriculture, particularly in the small lowland islands.
5. - Biological diversity would be reduced in some of the most fragile
ecological zones, such as mangroves and tropical forests.
Global warming could also have some positive effects for farmers. The
increase of carbon dioxide has fertilizing effects on many crops, this increases
the growth rates and the efficiency of water use. But experts say that the many
questions that remain about this possible outlook have more weight than its
possible benefits.