NAME ID no

SOLUTIONS

EE 332 Midterm Fall 2005 (A1)

All phones, PDA’s, laptops etc must be off and out of sight

Calculators must be approved by the Faculty of Engineering

You can use the back of the question sheets for working if needed.

You do not need to hand in the formula sheets.

STATS
(Note that on such a small class, stats don’t give the full picture)

Out of 60 %
Max 56 93.3%
Min 27 45.0%
Mean 39.4 65.7%
Median 43 71.7%
Mark Frequency:
Total (60)

3
Frequency

0
26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60
Mark

EE 332 (A1) Midterm, Oct 21st 2005 Page 1 of 6

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10 marks
A separately excited DC motor is providing 1000W power when the rotational speed is 1500rpm. The
motor has 4 poles and 50 conductors carrying current at any one time with armature resistance,
RA=2.0Ω. The motor is operated so that the field winding produces a flux of 0.05 Wb per pole.
Calculate:
a. DC Machine constant, k 2 marks
b. Armature current, IA 4 marks
c. Terminal voltage, VT 4 marks

Note. The φ in E = kφω and T = kφ I A is the flux per pole. The number of poles is accounted
for in the equation for k. This caused errors for a few people.
Zp 50 × 4 100
a) From formula sheet: k = = = =31.83.
2π 2π π

P 2π
b) Again, from formula sheet: τ = kφ I A and τ = and ω = n.
ωm 60

P 60 P 6000
Re-arranging: I A = = = = 4.0A
kφω 2π kφ n 1500 × 2π × 100 × 0.05
π

c) Again, from formula sheet: VT = E A + I A RA and E A = kφω . Not on formula sheet: Pconv = E A I A , but
you can derive this from the equations in (b) if you don’t remember it.
Q1 (10)
Using one of the above equations:
EA = 250V ∴VT = 258V 8

6
Frequency

Stats:
Max 10 4
Min 1 2
Mean 7.6
0
Median 8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mark

2) 4 marks
A 4-pole ac machine is designed with 24 stator slots. What is the electrical angle between the slots?
Q2 (4)
With 24 slots the mechanical angle between slots is
360 p 12
θm = = 15D . Using θ e = θ m , θe = 30° 10
24 2
Frequency

8
You either got this or you didn’t: Stats
6
Max 4
4
Min 0 2
Mean 3.1 0
Median 4 0 1 2 3 4
Mark

EE 332 (A1) Midterm, Oct 21st 2005 Page 2 of 6

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3) 14 marks
A 2-pole synchronous generator is being designed. Each phase
consists of two coils with 20 turns each. The coils are
positioned as shown. The rotor of the machine produces a
sinusoidal flux density, which when the rotor rotates may be
described as
B = 1.1cos (θ − ωt )
The generator output must be 60Hz and each phase must
generate 265V rms.

a. At what speed must the rotor rotate (give your answer in both rpm and rad s-1). 4 marks
b. Calculate the rms voltage per unit length induced in each coil. 2 marks
c. What is the phase angle between the coil voltages 2 marks
d. What is the total phase rms voltage per unit length 4 marks
e. How long must the stator coils be to produce the desired phase voltage? 2 marks

120 f e 4π f e
a) Using formula sheet equations: ns = = 3600 rpm; ωm = = 120π = 377 rad s -1
p p
b) The rms voltage in each coil will be the same. (The voltages are phase shifted with respect to each
other, the magnitudes are the same.)
The formula sheet gives: E = 2π N Cφ f e . Note that the equation for rms voltage is defined in terms of
π
⎛π ⎞ φˆ
peak flux. Now, φ = rl ∫ Bdθ = 2rlBˆ cos ⎜ − ωt ⎟ ∴ = 2rBˆ .
0 ⎝ 2 ⎠ l

Substituting:
E
l
( )
= 2π N C 2rBˆ f e = 586.5 V/m
p
c) The coils are separated by 30 mechanical degrees. In a 2 pole machine θ e = θm ⇒ θ e = θ m = 30°
2
E phase
E E
d) The phase voltage per unit length is given by =
1∠0D + 1 + ∠30D = 1.932 = 1133 V/m
l l l
e) Required rms voltage is 265V therefore the length is given by 265 = 1133 l; l = 0.233m

Notes. Statistically this was the hardest question, with an average of only 54%. Most people didn’t get
how to go from calculating a voltage with a defined length to calculating a voltage per unit length. Some
tried to work backwards from the total phase
voltage rms of 265V, but this doesn’t help. The Q3 (14)
cluster around 4,5,6 marks is typically from
answering parts (a) and (c) 4
Out of: 14 3
Frequency

Max 13
Min 0 2
Mean 7.7 1
Median 6
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Mark
st
EE 332 (A1) Midterm, Oct 21 2005 Page 3 of 6
NAME ID no

4) 10 marks
A 13.8kV, 60Hz, 25MVA, 0.9 lagging power factor, 3 phase, wye-connected, 2-pole synchronous
generator is operated under rated conditions. The armature resistance RA = 0.025Ω/phase. Pcore = 50kW,
Pstray = 30kW and PF&W = 30kW. Calculate
a. Rated armature current 2 marks
b. Mechanical input power and efficiency 4 marks
c. Torque 4 marks

S
a) The machine is wye connected: IA = IL . S = 3VLL I L ∴ I A = = 1046A
3VLL

b) Pin = Pout + Plosses . Most people got this but didn’t add up all the loss components:
Plosses = Pcore + PF &W + PStray + PI 2 R
PI 2 R = 3I A2 RA = 82kW ∴ Plosses = 192kW give Pin = 22.69 MW and efficiency = 99.2%
Pout = 0.9 S = 22.5MW
Pin 4π f e 22.69 MW
c) τ = ; ωs = = 120π τ = = 60.2kNm
ωs p 120π

Notes/Stats
As mentioned above, people seemed to get core loss and armature resistance loss confused, or just forgot
the resistive losses. Some people still got the three-phase power relationships wrong.
Out of: 10
Max 10
Min 5
Mean 7.4
Median 8

Q4 (10)

5
4
Frequency

3
2
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Mark

EE 332 (A1) Midterm, Oct 21st 2005 Page 4 of 6

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5) 22 marks
An 1100V, 60Hz, 1MVA, 0.9 lagging power factor, 3 phase, wye-connected synchronous generator has
synchronous reactance, XS = 1.4Ω/phase. An open circuit test gives the following data:
If (A) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
VLL oc (V) 0 346 693 1040 1282 1481 1649 1790 1905 2010
a. The generator provides rated power with the field current If = 80A
i) Calculate the load angle, δ. 4 marks
ii) Calculate the power factor 4 marks
b. The power demand remains constant but the field current falls to 40A.
i) Calculate the load angle, δ. 2 marks
ii) Calculate the power factor 4 marks
c. Sketch the phasor diagrams for each case above (4 marks each) 8 marks

There was a big misunderstanding of the information provided by the open circuit test. Since
there is no current flowing, the open circuit voltage is actually a measurement of the induced
excitation voltage, E, line to line. It is not the terminal voltage of the machine under load
conditions. Also, the machine in this question is not necessarily operating at rated conditions,
so you cant find E and δ by first finding the armature current and solving E = V + jIX S

1905
a) (i)When the field current is 80A, the line-line induced voltage, ELL = 1905V. E = = 1100V and
3
1100
the terminal voltage V= = 635V . From the question, rated power is given by
3
P = pf × S = 900kW .
3VE 900 × 103 × 1.4
Using the power equation: P = sin δ ⇒ sin δ = = 0.601 and δ = 36.96°.
XS ⎛ 1100 ⎞ ⎛ 1905 ⎞
3⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
⎝ 3 ⎠⎝ 3 ⎠
⎛ ⎛ Q ⎞⎞
(ii) The easiest way to find power factor is pf = cos θ = cos ⎜ tan −1 ⎜ ⎟ ⎟ using
⎝ ⎝ P ⎠⎠
2
⎛ 1100 ⎞ ⎛ 1905 ⎞ ⎛ 1100 ⎞
2
3⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ 3⎜ ⎟
= ⎝
3 ⎠⎝ 3 ⎠
cos ( 36.96 ) − ⎝
3VE 3V 3 ⎠
Q= cos δ − = 332kVAR.
XS XS 1.4 1.4
Note Q is positive so the power factor will be lagging: pf. = 0.938 lagging (you need to specify lagging)

b) When field current = 40A, ELL = 1282 V. Since power doesn’t change:
1905
E1 sin δ1 = E2 sin δ 2 ⇒ sin δ 2 = sin ( 36.96 ) and δ2 = 63.3°
1282
(ii) Using the same approach as before, Q2 = -412kVAR. Note that Q is now negative and therefore the
generator is consuming reactive power, not supplying it. Therfore: pf = 0.909 leading

c) on next page:

EE 332 (A1) Midterm, Oct 21st 2005 Page 5 of 6

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Notes, Stats
Not statistically the hardest problem, but the one where most marks were lost. Marks were lost due to
misunderstanding the data; not correctly specifying lagging/leading power factors; getting the diagrams
wrong. (Also if you drew a guess of the phasor diagram without calculating if it was leading/lagging,
you lost some marks.

Out of: 22
Max 22
Min 0
Mean 13.6
Median 16

Q5 (22)

5
4
Frequency

3
2
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1314 15 16 1718 19 20 21 22
Mark

EE 332 (A1) Midterm, Oct 21st 2005 Page 6 of 6