Which condition is a hallmark of cystic fibrosis?

a. Overproduction of thin mucus throughout the body.

b. Underproduction of red blood cells.

c. Gastrointestinal distress.

d. Chronic bacterial infections of the lungs.

e. Overproduction of red blood cells.

Which term refers to the observable traits of an individual?

a. heterozygous

b. locus

c. allele

d. genotype

e. phenotype

Which cross would result in a phenotypic ratio of 3 dominant:1 recessive?

a. BB x bb.

b. Bb x Bb.

c. bb x bb.

d. Bb x bb.

e. BB x Bb.

Which cross would result in a 1:1 genotypic ratio?

a. BB x BB.

b. Bb x Bb.

c. bb x bb.

d. BB x Bb.
 e. BB x bb.

A ________ allele masks the effect of a ________ allele paired with it in a ________ individual.

a. recessive; dominant; heterozygous

b. dominant; recessive; heterozygous

c. dominant; recessive; homozygous

d. recessive; recessive; heterozygous

e. recessive; dominant; homozygous

Human ABO blood type is an example of ________ .

a. pleiotropy

b. codominance

c. incomplete dominance

d. polygenic inheritance

e. continuous variation

Cross a red-flowered snapdragon with a white-flowered snapdragon and all of the offspring will have
pink flowers. This is an example of ________ .

a. incomplete dominance

b. polygenic inheritance

c. codominance

d. pleiotropy

e. continuous variation

Environmental pressures can initiate cell-signaling pathways that trigger changes in gene expression.
These changes can lead to an altered ________ .

a. genotype only

b. rate of gene expression

 c. phenotype only

d. phenotype and genotype

e. change of developing genetic disorders

Mendel carried out controlled mating experiments using ________ to determine how traits are
inherited.

a. snapdragons

b. garden pea plants

c. garden marigold

d. garden petunias

e. carnations

A heterozygous person has ________ for a particular trait.

a. one dominant and one recessive allele

b. two defective alleles

c. two dominant alleles

d. two identical alleles

e. two recessive alleles

What nucleotide sequences might be repeated thousands of times in chromosomal DNA?

a. epistatic repeats

b. short tandem repeats

c. long tandem repeats

d. multiple allele sequences

e. continuous variation sequences

Based on his experiments, which laws did Mendel formulate?

a. Law of separation and law of assortment

b. Law of segregation and law of assortment.

 c. Law of separation and law of independent assortment

d. Law of segregation and law of independent assortment

e. Law of codominance and law of independent assortment

What term applies to traits occurring in a range of small phenotypic differences?

a. discontinuous variation

b. pleiotropy

c. epistasis

d. continuous variation

e. bell curve

Seasonal variations in the color of the snowshoe hare's fur is an example of ________ .

a. environmental cues altering gene expression

b. continuous variation

c. incomplete dominance

d. multiple allele systems

e. codominance

Polygenic inheritance, also known as ________ , occurs when traits are affected by multiple genes.

a. codominance

b. incomplete dominance

c. epistasis

d. pleiotropy

e. dihybrid crosses