

Pipe Sizing Charts Tables

CLOSED SYSTEMS

Design Criteria: 3' Frictional Pressure Drop per 100' Pipe Length with a Maximum Velocity of 10 ft/sec

Figure - 1 Friction Loss for CLOSED Piping Systems: Schedule 40 Steel Source: Carrier
Systems Design
OPEN SYSTEMS

Design Criteria: 3' Frictional Pressure Drop per 100' Pipe Length with a Maximum Velocity of 10 ft/sec

Figure - 2 Friction Loss for OPEN Piping Systems: Schedule 40 Steel Source: Carrier Systems
Design
COPPER Physical Dimensions and Sizing Criteria (ASPE
Data Book)

PLASTIC Physical Dimensions and Sizing Criteria (ASPE Data Book)

Copper Pipe Sizing Chart
Design Criteria: 3' Frictional Pressure Drop per 100' Pipe Length with a Maximum Velocity of 10 ft/sec

Figure - 3 Friction Loss for Copper Piping Systems: Types K, L, & M Source: Carrier
Systems Design
CAST IRON Physical Data Hydraulic Handbook Colt
Industries

ALUMINUM , BRASS Handbook for Mechanical Engineers : Baumeister & Marks

PIPE DESIGN BASED ON HAZEN WILLIAMS
FORM(UfL=A0.2083 x (100/C)^1.85 x Q^1.85/D^4.8635 )
Source: Cameron Hydraulic Data, 1926-62
Dynamic Pressure Losses through Fittings
EL = L/D* D (EL = Equivalent Length. L=Pipe Length, D = Pipe Diameter)
Velocity Pressure Factor (K) forWater : K = C*D**E: Pressure Drop (PD) = K*VP

Dynamic Pressure Losses through Valves

EL = L/D* D (EL = Equivalent Length. L=Pipe Length, D = Pipe Diameter)

Velocity Pressure Factor (K) forWater : K = C*D**E: Pressure Drop (PD) = K*VP
PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS
STEAM PRESSURE CLASSIFICATION AND PIPE
SIZING DESIGN CRITERIA

LOW PRESSURE STEAMPIPE SIZING CRITERIA : Flow Rates of Steam (lbs/hr)

MEDIUM PRESSURE STEAM PIPE SIZING

CRITERIA : Flow Rates of Steam (lbs/hr)
HIGH PRESSURE STEAMPIPE SIZING CRITERIA : Flow Rates of Steam (lbs/hr)

Pressure Drop (psi/100') sizing criteria for open gravity (sloped pipe)
condensate return
CONDENSATE FLOWRATE (lbs/hr) Condensate Return Pressure = 0 psig
PROPERTIES OF STEAM
Example: 6800 lbs per hour of steam flow in a 2 1/2 inch pipe at 100 psig pressure.
What is the pressure (psi) drop per 100 ft length of pipe and the flow velocity?
Answer: psi/100' = 11 velocity = 32,000 fpm

Figure - 17 Steam Flow Rates at Various Pressures and Velocities for Schedule 40 Pipe Source:
ASHRAE
Figure - 18

Steam flow at 30
psig

Source:
ASHRAE

Design Criteria:
0.75 psi per 100
ft pipe

Max Vel = 6,000

fpm

Figure - 19

Steam flow at 50
psig

Source:
ASHRAE

Design Criteria:
1.0 psi per 100 ft
pipe

Max Vel = 8,000

fpm
Figure - 20

Steam flow at
100 psig

Source:
ASHRAE

Design Criteria:
2.0 psi per 100 ft
pipe

Max Vel =
10,000 fpm

Figure - 21

Steam flow at
150 psig

Source:
ASHRAE

Design Criteria:
2.0 psi per 100 ft
pipe

Max Vel =
10,000 fpm
Natural Gas Pipe Sizing Tables and Charts
Steel Pipe - Schedule 40
Downstream Pressure

 inlet upstream pressure is more than 5 psig (35 kPa)

 fittings factor 1.2 - equivalent pipe length = pipe length + 20%

For natural gas the nominal BTU/cf varies from about 900 to 1100 BTU/cf. In general it is
common to set
 1 Cubic Foot (CF) = Approx 1,000 BTUs

 1 CFH ≈ 1 MBH

 1 Btu/h = 0.293 W

Steel Pipe - Schedule 40

 pressure less than 1 1/2 psig pressure drop 0.5 inches water column
 specific gravity of natural gas energy content in natural gas 10

 1 Cubic Foot (CF) = Approx 1,000 BTUs 1 CFH = 1 MBH

 common to use fittings factor 1.5 - equivalent pipe length
in table above = pipe length + 50%

For natural gas the nominal BTU/cf varies from about

900 to 1100 BTU/cf. In general it is common to set
 pressure less than 1 1/2 psig  pressure less than 1 1/2 psig
 common to use fittings factor 1.5 - equivalent  common to use fittings factor 1.5 - equivalent
pipe lenght pipe length
in table above = pipe length + 50% in table above = pipe length + 50%
 pressure drop 0.5 inches water column  pressure drop 0.5 inches water column
 specific gravity of natural gas 0.6  specific gravity of natural gas 0.6
 energy content in natural gas 1000 Btu/lb  energy content in natural gas 1000 Btu/lb
 One MBH is equivalent to 1000 BTU's per  One MBH is equivalent to 1000 BTU's per
hour hour
 1 Btu/h = 0.293 W

 1 lb = 0.4536 kg
 1 ft (foot) = 0.3048 m
 1 in water = 248.8 N/m2 (Pa) = 0.0361 lb/in2 (psi) = 25.4
kg/m2 = 0.0739 in mercury
 1 psi (lb/in2 ) = 6,894.8 Pa (N/m2 )
The capacity of a low pressure natural gas (less than 1 psi) pipe line can be calculated with
the Spitzglass formula like
q = 3550 k ( h / l SG)1/2 (1)
where
q = natural gas flow capacity (cfh) h = pressure drop (inWater Column)
l = length of pipe (ft) k = [d5 /(1 + 3.6/d + 0.03 d)] 1/2
d = inside diameter pipe (in) SG = specific gravity
For natural gas the nominal BTU/cf varies from about 900 to 1100 BTU/cf . In general it is
common to set
1 Cubic Foot (CF) = approx 1,000 BTUs
1 CFH = 1 MBH
The specific gravity of natural gas varies from 0.55 to 1.0 .
The downstream pressure in a houseline after the meter/regulator is in general in the
 range of 7 to 11 inches Water Column, or about 1/4 psi.

Example - Natural Gas Pipe Capacity

The capacity of a 100 ft natural gas pipe with a nominal diameter 0.5 inches (actual
ID 0.622 in )
and 0.5 inches WC pressure drop can be calculated as

k = [(0.622 in )5 /(1 + 3.6 / (0.622 in) + 0.03 (0.622 in))]0.117

q = 3550 0.117 ( (0.5 in) / (100 ft) 0.60 ) 1/2 = 37.9 cfh
Specific gravity of natural gas is set to 0.60.
 Building
Horizontal Fixture Branches and Stacks Drains and
Sewers
 ROOF DRAIN AND LEADER SIZING

HORIZONTAL RAINWATER PIPE SIZING HORIZONTAL RAINWATER PIPE SIZING

HORIZONTAL RAINWATER PIPE SIZING
Example of Primary-Secondary Piping Network System