SPE-T 2009

Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 1

 Mobile Standard Evolution

• International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-2000

introduced global standard for 3G.
• Systems beyond IMT-2000 (IMT-Advanced) is set to
introduce evolutionary path beyond 3G.
– Mobile class targets 100 Mbps with high mobility and
nomadic/local area class targets 1 Gbps with low mobility.
• 3GPP and 3GPP2 are currently developing
evolutionary/revolutionary systems beyond 3G.
– 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)
– 3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB)
• IEEE 802.16-based WiMAX is also evolving towards 4G
through 802.16m.

Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 2

 3GPP Evolution

• Release 99 (Mar. 2000): UMTS/WCDMA

• Rel-5 (Mar. 2002): HSDPA
• Rel-6 (Mar. 2005): HSUPA
• Rel-7 (2007): DL MIMO, IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem),
optimized real-time services (VoIP, gaming, push-to-talk).
• Long Term Evolution (LTE)
– 3GPP work on the Evolution of the 3G Mobile System started in
November 2004.
– Standardized in the form of Rel-8.
– Spec finalized and approved in January 2008.
– Target deployment in 2010.
– LTE-Advanced study phase in progress.

Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 3

 LTE Requirements

• Peak data rate

– 100 Mbps DL/ 50 Mbps UL within 20 MHz bandwidth.
• Up to 200 active users in a cell (5 MHz)
• Less than 5 ms user-plane latency
• Mobility
– Optimized for 0 ~ 15 km/h.
– 15 ~ 120 km/h supported with high performance.
– Supported up to 350 km/h or even up to 500 km/h.
• Enhanced multimedia broadcast multicast service (E-MBMS)
• Spectrum flexibility: 1.25 ~ 20 MHz
• Enhanced support for end-to-end QoS

Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 4

 Key technologies

• OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)

• Frequency domain equalization
• SC-FDMA (Single Carrier FDMA)
• MIMO (Multi-Input Multi-Output)
• Multicarrier channel-dependent resource scheduling
• Fractional frequency reuse

source: Technical Overview of 3GPPLTE, HyungG.Myung

Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 5

 Key features
• Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)
– SC-FDMA is a new single carrier multiple access technique which
has similar structure and performance to OFDMA.
(Utilizes single carrier modulation and orthogonal frequency multiplexing using
DFT-spreading in the transmitter and frequency domain equalization in the
receiver).
– A salient advantage of SC-FDMA over OFDM/OFDMA is low PAPR (Efficient
transmitter and improved cell-edge performance).
• Multiple access scheme
– DL: OFDMA with CP.
– UL: Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) with CP.
• Adaptive modulation and coding
– DL/UL modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM
– Convolutional code and Rel-6 turbo code
• Advanced MIMO spatial multiplexing techniques
– (2 or 4)x(2 or 4) downlink and uplink supported.
– Multi-user MIMO also supported.
• Support for both FDD and TDD
• H-ARQ, mobility support, rate control, security, and etc.

Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 6

 SC-FDMA

1. Constellation mapper: Converts incoming bit stream to single carrier symbols (BPSK,
QPSK, or 16QAM depending on channel conditions)
2. Serial/parallel converter: Formats time domain SC symbols into blocks for input to FFT
3. M-point DFT: Converts time domain SC symbol block into M discrete tones
4. Subcarrier mapping: Maps DFT output tones to specified subcarriers for transmission.
SC-FDMA systems either use contiguous tones (localized) or uniformly spaced tones
(distributed). The current working assumption in LTE is that localized subcarrier mapping will
be used.

Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 7

 SC-FDMA

5. N-point IDFT: Converts mapped subcarriers back into time domain for
transmission
6. Cyclic prefix and pulse shaping: Cyclic prefix is pre-pended to the
composite SC-FDMA symbol to provide multipath immunity in the same manner
as described for OFDM. As in the case of OFDM, pulse shaping is employed to
prevent spectral regrowth.
7. RFE: Converts digital signal to analog and upconvert to RF for transmission

Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 8

Protocole Architecture

Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 9

 Frame Structure
• Two radio frame structures defined.
– Frame structure type 1 (FS1): FDD.
– Frame structure type 2 (FS2): TDD.
• A radio frame has duration of 10 ms.
• A resource block (RB) spans 12 subcarriers over a slot duration of 0.5
ms. One subcarrier has bandwidth of 15 kHz, thus 180 kHz per RB.

FDD Frame

TDD Frame

Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 10

 Resource Grid

Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 11

 Some Values

Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 12

Bandwidth Management

Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 13

LTE-WiMAX comparison

source WiMAX Forum

Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 14

 LTE versus WiMAX

• HSPA+: Next step in 3GPP Migration Path

• Mobile WiMAX Rel 1.5 and HSPA+
• 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)
• LTE Peak User Performance & Mobile WiMAX Rel 1.5
• Mobile WiMAX Rel 2.0
• Timeline Comparison
• Migration Path Options for Today’s Mobile Operators
• Summary and Conclusion

15
Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 15
 3GPP HSPA Rel-6
• FDD 2x5 MHz • Uplink:
Channel BW • BPSK/QPSK
• Downlink: • (1x2) SIMO
• QPSK/16QAM • 5.8 Mbps Peak
• (1x2) SIMO • Availability: 2007
• 14 Mbps Peak

Mobile WiMAX Rel 1.0 (TDD, 10 MHz Channel BW) has higher
peak rate & 2x to 3x greater DL1 sector throughput than
HSPA Rel-6
1.1.Throughput
Throughputadvantage
advantagedepends
dependson onratio
ratioofofDL
DLtotoUL
ULtraffic
trafficsee
seewhite
whitepaper:
paper:“Mobile
“MobileWiMAX
WiMAX––Part
PartII:II:
AAComparative
ComparativeAnalysis”,
Analysis”,available
availableon
onWiMAX
WiMAXForumForumwebsite
websitefor
foraamore
moredetailed
detailedanalysis..
analysis..

16
Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 16
 HSPA+ (HSPA Rel-7 and Rel-8)
The Next Step in 3GPP Evolution
FDD 2x5 MHz Channel BW – as in Rel-6
HSPA Rel-7 Enhancements1 (Availability: late 2008)
64QAM in DL with (1x2) SIMO or …
16QAM in DL with (2x2) MIMO
16QAM in UL
Higher VoIP Capacity
HSPA Rel-8 Enhancements (Expected availability: 2009)
Simultaneous DL support for (2x2) MIMO + 64QAM
Higher order MIMO & UL MIMO being considered2

1.1.Ref:
Ref:“Release
“Release77HSPA+HSPA+for forMobile
MobileBroadband
BroadbandEvolution”,
Evolution”,Qualcomm
QualcommInc. Inc.December
December2007
2007

2.2.InInUMTS
UMTSwhitewhitepaper
paper“Towards
“TowardsGlobal
GlobalMobile
MobileBroadband,
Broadband,February
February2008”,
2008”,(2x2)
(2x2)MIMO
MIMO
ininUL
ULisispart
partofofRelease
Release8,8,other
othersources
sourcesindicates
indicatesititisisonly
onlybeing
beingconsidered
considered

17
Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 17
dag1
Mobile WiMAX and HSPA+
HSPA1 WiMAX
Parameter Rel-7 Rel-8 Rel 1.5
Frequency 2000 MHz 2500 MHz
Duplex FDD FDD TDD
Channel BW 2 x 5 MHz 2 x 5 MHz 10 MHz
BS Antenna (1x2) SIMO (2x2) MIMO (2x2) MIMO
MS Antenna (1x2) SIMO (1x2) SIMO
DL Mod-Coding2 64QAM-5/6 16QAM-3/4 64QAM-5/6 64QAM-5/6 64QAM-5/6
UL Mod-Coding2 16QAM-3/4 64QAM-5/6 64QAM-5/6
DL Peak User Rate 17.5 Mbps 21 Mbps 35 Mbps 36 Mbps 48 Mbps3
UL Peak User Rate 8.3 Mbps 8.3 Mbps 8.3 Mbps 17 Mbps 24 Mbps4

1. Source: “Release 7 HSPA+ for Mobile Broadband Evolution”, Qualcomm Inc. December 2007
2. Results for unity coding are often reported for HSPA, code rate used in table is considered
more realistic for actual deployments and provides a more direct comparison to Mobile WiMAX
3. Assumes DL/UL ratio 3:1
4. Assumes DL/UL ratio 1:3

18
Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 18
Diapositive 18

dag1 Add 10 MHz TDD for WiMAX

Doug Gray; 30/01/2009
 Summary: Mobile WiMAX & HSPA+

• Mobile WiMAX Rel 1.5 has comparable peak DL

performance for the same Modulation, Coding,
and Channel BW as HSPA Rel-8
• Mobile WiMAX Rel 1.5 has >2 times better peak
UL performance
• HSPA+ is constrained to 2 x 5 MHz channels in
traditional 3G spectrum assignments
• Mobile WiMAX Rel 1.5 supports channel BWs up
to 20 MHz, FDD and TDD, and has planned
profiles in 700, 1700, 2300, 2500, & 3500 MHz
frequency bands
• Mobile WiMAX provides a flat all-IP e2e network

19
Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 19
 3GPP Long Term Evolution

• 3GPP (LTE) is Adopting:

– OFDMA in DL with 64QAM
– All IP e2e Network
– Channel BWs up to 20 MHz
– Both TDD and FDD profiles
– Flexible Access Network
– Advanced Antenna Technologies
– UL: Single-Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), (64QAM optional)

• LTE is adopting technology & features already

available with Mobile WiMAX
– Can expect similar long-term performance benefits and
trade-offs

20
Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 20
 LTE: Not a Simple 3G Upgrade

• LTE Represents a Major Upgrade from

CDMA-Based HSPA (or EV-DO)
– No longer a “simple” SW upgrade:
• CDMA to OFDMA, represent different technologies
• Circuit switched to IP e2e network
– Also requires new spectrum to take full
advantage of wider channel BWs and …
– Requires dual-mode user devices for
seamless internetwork connectivity

21
Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 21
 LTE Projections & Mobile WiMAX
FDD 2 x 20 MHz Channel BW
Reported LTE Results
Parameter Qual- WiMAX Rel 1.5
Motorola1 T-Mobile2
comm3
BS Antenna 2x2 4x4 2x4 4x2 2x2 4x4
Channel BW 2 x 20 MHz 2 x 20 MHz
Mod-Code Rate 64QAM-5/6 64QAM- 64QAM-? 64QAM-5/6
5/6
DL Peak User 117 Mbps 226 144 277 144.6 289
Rate Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps
MS Antenna 1x2 1x2 1x2
Mod-Code Rate 64QAM4-? 16QAM4-? 64QAM-5/6
UL Peak User ? ? 50.4 75 69.1 Mbps
Rate Mbps Mbps

1.1.Motorola
Motorolawebsite,
website,“LTE
“LTEInInDepth”
Depth”, ,Reference
Referencedoes
doesnot
notshow
showUL
ULpeak
peakrate
rateprojections
projections
2. “Trials–Ensuring Success for Innovation”, Joachim Horn, T-Mobile, NGMN Conference presentation,June
June25-27,2008
25-27,2008
2. “Trials–Ensuring Success for Innovation”, Joachim Horn, T-Mobile, NGMN Conference presentation,
3.3.“3GPP
“3GPPLong-Term
Long-TermEvolution
Evolution(LTE)”,
(LTE)”,Qualcomm,
Qualcomm,January
January2008
2008
4. 64QAM is optional for UL in LTE specification, 16QAM is mandatory
4. 64QAM is optional for UL in LTE specification, 16QAM is mandatory

22
Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 22
 Other Key Parameter Comparisons
Parameter LTE Mobile WiMAX Rel 1.5
Duplex FDD and TDD FDD and TDD
Frequency Band for 2000 MHz 2500 MHz
Performance Analysis
Channel BW Up to 20 MHz Up to 20 MHz
Downlink OFDMA OFDMA
Uplink SC-FDMA OFDMA
DL Spectral Efficiency1 1.57 bps/Hz/Sector 1.59 bps/Hz/Sector
(2x2) MIMO2 (2x2) MIMO
UL Spectral Efficiency1 0.64 bps/Hz/Sector 0.99 bps/Hz/Sector
(1x2) SIMO2 (1x2) SIMO
Mobility Support Target: Up to 350 km/hr Up to 120 km/hr
Frame Size 1 millisec 5 millisec
HARQ Incremental Redundancy Chase Combining
Link Budget Typically limited by Mobile Device Typically limited by Mobile Device
Advanced Antenna Support DL: 2x2, 2x4, 4x2, 4x4 DL: 2x2, 2x4, 4x2, 4x4
UL: 1x2, 1x4, 2x2, 2x4 UL: 1x2, 1x4, 2x2, 2x4

1.1.Spectral
Spectralefficiency
efficiencyisisbased
basedon
onNGMN
NGMNAlliance
Alliancerecommended
recommendedevaluation
evaluationmethodology
methodology

2.2.Reference
ReferenceforforLTE
LTESpectral
SpectralEfficiency:
Efficiency:Motorola
Motorolawebsite,
website,“LTE
“LTEininDepth”.
Depth”.

23
Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 23
 Further Performance Enhancements Planned for Mobile WiMAX Rel 2.0

• Release 2.0 is based on the IEEE 802.16m System Requirements

Document
• 802.16m Mirrors IMT-Advanced Requirements
– Key Performance Targets are:
• Increased DL peak channel & user data rate
• Increased UL peak channel & user data rate
• 2x DL spectral efficiency of Release 1.0 (2.6 bps/Hz)
• 2x cell-edge DL user throughput of Release 1.0 (0.09 bps/Hz)
• 2x UL spectral efficiency of Release 1.0 (1.3 bps/Hz)
• 2x cell-edge UL user throughput of Release 1.0 (0.05 bps/Hz)
• Reduction of the connection setup, RAN delay, & handover interruption
time
• >60 concurrent sessions per MHz per sector for the AMR 12.2 kbps
speech codec
• Multi-Carrier support for contiguous or non-contiguous channels (up to 100
MHz operating BW with band aggregation)
• Mobility support up to 500 km/hr
• Mobile WiMAX Rel 2.0 is backwards compatible with Rel 1.5 and Rel
1.0

24
Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 24
 Spectral Efficiency Enhancements for Mobile WiMAX

AverageSpectral
Average SpectralEfficiency
Efficiency

3.0
3.0
2.5
2.5 2008 2010 2011 2010
2.0
2.0
1.5
bps/Hz/Sector1.5
bps/Hz/Sector DL
DL
1.0
1.0 UL
UL
0.5
0.5
0.0
0.0
Rel1.0
Rel 1.0 Rel1.5
Rel 1.5 Rel2.0
Rel 2.0 LTE
LTE
..
MobileWiMAX
Mobile WiMAX

Spectral efficiency has an impact on the business case

Lowers deployment cost per Megabit

Adds channel capacity to support new value-added services for
increased operator revenues
25
Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 25
 3GPP & Mobile WiMAX Timeline
Mobile WiMAX
Rel 1.0 Rel 1.5 Rel 2.0
802.16e-2005 802.16e Rev 2 802.16m

IP e2e Network
3GPP
HSPA HSPA+
Rel-6 Rel-7 & Rel-8

Ckt Switched Network

LTE & LTE Advanced

IP e2e Network
Mobile WiMAX
time to market
advantage
CDMA-Based OFDMA-Based

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

26
Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 26
 Upgrade Path for Existing Operators
Radio Access Network Core Network
Backhaul
Network
2G, 3G, GSM, 2G, 3G, Core
T1,E1s
EVDO, HSPA Network

Su
p po
rt for
Le
ga
cy
RA
N

Next Generation All-IP Core

Access Network Increased
Network
Data Overlay or Replacement BH Capacity
LTE or WiMAX

Comparable CAPEX for WiMAX Conversion to all-IP core & increased

today or LTE in 2+ years. backhaul capacity required in either case
Both require new spectrum

27
Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 27
 Other Deployment Considerations

• Mobile WiMAX has significant time-to-market

advantage
– 100+ Certified client devices by year-end 2008
– 1000+ Certified client devices expected by 2011
– WiMAX Rel 1.0 being deployed today, LTE specification
not expected until end of 2008
• WiMAX has friendly Intellectual Property Environment
– IPR distributed amongst many companies, not just a few
– Open patent alliance established
– Lower costs for WiMAX/WiFi client devices
• Mobile WiMAX provides a simple, all-IP flat network,
with all IETF protocols
– LTE network is a more complex multi-layer network
burdened with proprietary 3G cellular protocols

28
Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 28
 Comparing the End-to-End Network
LTE/SAE User Plane & Data Flow
Application Multiple layers, Many nodes and
proprietary protocols e.g. IP,
e.g. IP,
PPP PPP

Relay Relay

PDCP PDCP GTP - U GTP - U GTP - U GTP - U

RLC RLC UDP/IP UDP/IP UDP/IP UDP/IP

MAC MAC L2 L2 L2 L2

L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1
LTE-Uu S1-U S5 SGi
UE/MS E-UTRAN Serving GW PDN GW

Mobile WiMAX User Plane & Data Flow

Based on simple IETF protocols, Fewer nodes & fewer
device requirements, Optimized for high speed data

Source: LTE/SAE: 3GPP, Mobile WiMAX: WiMAX Forum Network Specification Release 1.0

29
Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 29
 Summary and Conclusion
Mobile WiMAX and LTE are both accepted as candidates to meet
IMT-Advanced performance goals
IMT-Advanced specifications not yet fully defined
IEEE 802.16m will mirror IMT-Advanced requirements
Mobile WiMAX Rel 1.5 and LTE have comparable performance
Both use OFDMA in the DL with higher order modulation and
coding
Peak performance is similar for same modulation and code rate
Both support FDD and TDD with channel BWs up to 20 MHz
Both support higher order MIMO antenna solutions
Both offer reduced latency
But Mobile WiMAX has ~2 year time lead and a…
A flat e2e network architecture optimized for high speed data

30
Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 30
 Summary and Conclusion (ctd)

Throughput & spectral efficiency target for Mobile WiMAX Rel

2.0 will further enhance key performance parameters
Mobile WiMAX Rel 2.0 is backwards compatible with Rel 1.0
& Rel 1.5
Comparable investment to upgrade 2G/3G network to LTE or
Mobile WiMAX
New spectrum required for either LTE or WiMAX to support
wider channel BW
Multi-Band/Multi-Mode subscriber devices required in either
case for internetwork connectivity and global roaming
Upgrade to Mobile WiMAX provides operators a significant
time-to-market advantage

Guillaume VILLEMAUD – Advanced Radio Communications 31