Choose the words on the answer form below which best fit the gaps in this text.

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Early European Dolls. FCE Use of English part 1 test1 Answer sheet
A B C D
Dolls have ..1.. as children’s playthings for
thousands of years. However, they were ..2.. 1. existed been used sported
manufactured as toys in large numbers in
Germany in the ..3.. century. The centres of the 2. initially factored first final
industry were factories at Nuremberg, Augsburg,
and Sonneberg. The dolls were primitive and ..4.. 3. recent fifteenth fifteen fiveteen
of wood, clay, rags, and wax. They were dressed 4.
in clothes to ..5.. German women of the time. fabricated construction fabric made

5. resemblance be as look like appear

Soon factories in England, France, Holland, and
Italy, as well as Germany, began ..6.. dolls dressed 6. production produce producing produced
in fashions ..7.. of their respective countries.
Another ..8.. of doll, "lady" dolls, were extremely 7. clothes typical those famous
expensive and elegant, and were used as gifts ..9..
8. brand make breed type
the aristocracy. These dolls, and the "fashion"
dolls, which were later manufactured in Paris, 9. among for to with
have remained popular ..10.. since. Such dolls
were often used to model the latest clothing trends 10. also for ever until
and were sent from one country to another to
show off the latest fashions. Today they are prized 11. dolls things prizes items
collector’s ..11..
12. latest cloth then simpler
By the 17th century, however, ..12.. dolls began to
13. adapted suitable useful utilised
appear, made of cloth or leather, and these were
very ..13.. as toys for both boys and girls. There 14. Soon But Early When
were several improvements in manufacturing.
Dolls’ heads became more realistic, and new 15. resembled fits covering felt
materials were used. ..14.. in the 18th century
manufacturers developed soft leather which ..15..
like human skin, and this was used in the more
expensive dolls. Dolls began to look, feel, and
move more like humans.
Read the article carefully. Match these chapter headings 1- 8 with the appropriate parts of the article, marked A - G,
and put your answers in the boxes below. You do not need one of the chapter headings..

The Life and Work of J. Tolkein. Answer sheet

1. How to make fantasy seem

Many authors become masters of a particular genre of fiction. But very few real.
can claim to have had such an effect that they virtually have created the
genre for themselves. One such author is J R R Tolkein. From his prolific
imagination was created not only Middle Earth; the stage for his giant 2. A new best-seller.
fantasy The Lord of the Rings, but also a whole genre of fantasy fiction
which has since become known as "sword and sorcery". 3. Fantasy before Tolkein
Before Tolkein's work was published, fantasy was set in what was very near
to the present for the authors. Also, the genre was very close to horror, and 4. The Master of Middle
authors such as Lovell and Bram Stoker moved easily between the two. The Earth.
the great American writer Edgar Allen Poe had recently brought out a work
of what we would today call horror stories, but he had entitled it Tales of 5. A quiet man
Mystery and Imagination, suggesting that he thought of it as fantasy.

Tolkein's distinctive contribution was to create a pseudo-medieval world and 6. The real Middle Earth
to populate it with wise wizards, bold knights, and a massive cast of other
characters, including dwarfs, elves, and most of the other creatures of our 7. A new fantasy creature.
folk memory. He also created his own contribution, the hobbit. Hobbits were
small people, who had distinctive hairy feet. They were characterised by
honest common sense and rather complex social lives. In all his works, it is 8. The experience of war
evidently the hobbits with whom Tolkein sympathises the most.

What madeTolkein's work so compelling was that it was a perfectly realised

work of fantasy. Every detail in his stories rings true. This is because Tolkein
spent so much time working and thinking about Middle Earth that the actual
part which we have on paper is only a fraction of his research. His later
books show clearly to what extent he had created this entire world, complete
with detailed maps and even the languages of the major protagonists.

However, although Middle Earth is a towering work of fantasy, it has roots

in reality. The Middle Earth of Tolkein is close to his own native
Oxfordshire, both in the landscapeof the Shire, and above all in the reactions
and behaviour of its characters. The ethos is that of pre-war England,
possibly because Tolkein could conceive of no other mode of behaviour, but
more probably because his book can be read on many levels, and in only the
most basic of the levels is the great struggle between light and darkness
completely.

It must be remembered that Tolkein was writing in a time when one Great
War had just finished, and another was about to begin. In his book, he
stresses the bravery, and endurance of the small people without whom
victory is impossible. This was the lesson that Tolkein felt had to be learned
from the horrors of the Great War - the desicions which shape the destiny of
nations are taken by an elite group, but they are implemented by the
common people of the country.

Though his book brought him world-wide fame, Tolkein continued to live
modestly at Oxford University, where he worked. He was a close friend of
another great writer of his day, C.S. Lewis, who also taught there. However,
while Lewis was more relaxed about his fame, Tolkein never really got used
to it, and he was quite embarrassed by the admiration of the many tourists
who came to see him.
Read the text carefully and then answer the questions opposite.

Clothes Answer sheet

Clothing is a distinctly human artifact. Even more than the use 1. Clothes are uniquely human because
of tools, it distinguishes humans from the other creatures on this they
planet. While there are other creatures which use implements to
a greater or lesser degree, clothing is unique to humanity.
a. are artefacts
Clothing is also uniquely human, in that it serves more than one
function. b. have many different
functions
The basic purpose of clothing was utilitarian. By putting on an
c. are made by tools
artificial skin, humans were able to move into regions for which
they would otherwise have been unsuited. An extreme example d. are worn when they are
of this use of clothing can be seen among the Eskimos, and unneccessary
other people who live in extreme climates. However, clothing
was not only used for protection from the elements, but has also 2. The author thinks that
been a means of displaying one's status and sense of style for as
long as humans have had civilisation. Thus clothing also
a. clothing is an implement
developed in countries where there is no real practical need for
it, apart from the other, very human function of preserving the b. there is no real need for
modesty of the wearer. clothing in some countries
c. clothes are principally for
Clothing tells us many things about the wearer. It can be used to
protection from the weather
indicate whether she is a member of a particular group or
organisation, the most extreme example of this type of clothing d. people will always wear
being a uniform. It tells us a lot about the importance of clothes
clothing that the clothes a person was wearing have been,
literally, the difference between life and death. In war, soldiers 3. Which of the following does the author
recognise friends and enemies by their uniforms. Spies may be NOT give as a function of clothing?
shot if captured, but if they go about their business in the
uniform of their country, they are regarded as legitimate
a. To show how wealthy or
members of that country's armed forces.
powerful the wearer is
Uniforms can also be less formal. Anyone who has seen a group b. To show the wearer's taste
of teenagers walking together will have noticed that their
c. To adjust our micro-
clothing conforms to the standard set by their particular group.
environment
Nor are teens the only ones who are subject to such pressures. It
is a rare businessman who does not feel the need to wear a suit d. To avoid indecency
and tie. Most politicians also try to be neat and well-
dressed.People who wish to impress others often do so by the 4. According to the article, uniforms
selection of their clothes - sometimes by choosing more
expensive versions. This can be seen particularly in the fashion
a. are mainly worn by
industry, where clothing by a particular designer fetches prices
soldiers
which are out of all proportion to the actual utilitarian value of
the material. b. have many functions
c. show membership of a
Therefore, even though we are steadily managing to adjust our group
micro-environments to temperatures which are as close to ideal
as the human body wants, and even though sexual taboos of d. are alwas worn by
undress are being steadily eroded, it is highly unlikely the there teenagers
will be no use for clothing in our future, unless humanity
evolves into a completely new species. 5. The author suggests that fashion in
clothing

a. is ridiculous
b. is a part of its social
function
c. is used to show
membership of a group
d. makes clothes too
expensive

6. Teenagers wear very similar clothing

to their friends

a. because they have the

same climate
b. to avoid looking different
from the others
c. because of sexual taboos
of undress
d. to display their status and
style

7. In future clothing will ...

a. be worn by other species

b. be less needed for its
original function
c. be steadily eroded
d. become ideal for the needs
of the human body

8. What might be a suitable title for the

article?

a. The function of clothing.

b. Clothing as fashion.
c. The future of clothes
d. The story of clothes.
Read this text and the paragraphs opposite. Decide where the paragraphs go in the text, and put the correct number
0
next to each. e.g. (X) . You do not need two of the paragraphs opposite.
Alexandria
(A) Alexandria is a seaport in northern Egypt, where
the delta of the river Nile meets the Mediterranean. The
modern city is mainly on a peninsula and includes
Pharos, where the famous lighthouse stood in ancient
times. The part of the city on the peninsula today is a
characteristically Egyptian town.
(B) The city was founded in 332 BC by Alexander
the Great, who planned it as one of the finest ports of
the ancient world. His city was large and magnificent. In
Alexandria the different peoples of the ancient
Mediterranean lived together.
(C) After the defeat of Cleopatra, queen of Egypt,
the city came under the rule of Rome. Its position made
it the centre of commerce between East and West, and
fleets of grain ships sailed from Alexandria to Italy year
after year.
(D) Later the decline of the city almost became ruin,
when the Muslims captured it twice in a hundred years.
The city deteriorated further after the opening of the sea
route around the Cape of Africa to India.
(E) At the end of the eighteenth century, Alexandria
was captured and held by Napoleon. The French
occupation lasted from 1798 to 1801, when the British
destroyed the French fleet in the battle of the Nile.
(F) In the last hundred years, Alexandria has been
Egypt’s gateway to the outside world. The strong
European feel of much of the city has combined with
the native Egyptian culture to produce a unique
atmosphere, wonderfully captured by the writer
Lawrence Durrell in his Alexandrian Quintet.
1. Gradually, however, the city lost its prosperity. A
Jewish revolt let to the removal of the Jewish population
and the destruction of a large portion of the city. The
Roman emperor Caracalla ordered a massacre of the
male inhabitants of the entire city for plotting rebellion.
2. In fact, the city has long had an association with
books, and the famous lost library of Alexandria was
one of the great monuments of the ancient world. Today
the city is working to build another library, which they
hope will be as great.
3. The burning of the Great Library of Alexandria, with
its priceless manuscripts, is regarded as one of the great
acts of vandalism in history.
4. Until this time, the businessman of the city had made
much of their money be arranging for goods to be
brought across the Sinai peninsula and then shipped on
to Europe from Alexandria.
5. The more European area is on the mainland.
Alexandria is a commercial centre and there are many
warehouses for cotton, grain, sugar, and wool. The
population is between three and four million
6. Here, the Jews came into contact with Greek learning,
which profoundly influenced the later religious thought
of the world. Under the Ptolemies, the rulers of Egypt
after Alexander, the city became the scientific centre of
the ancient world.
7. The city of Cairo was smaller than Alexandria for
most of its existence, but it was chosen as capital partly
because of its more central location.
8. But for a few years teams of scientists and engineers
came to examine the pyramids and other ancient works.
Many Egyptian antiquities came through Alexandria to
Europe, where that continent acquired a fascination with
Egyptology which has continued ever since.
Read the article carefully. It tells you the opinions of five people (A - E). Decide which of the opinions on the answer
sheet opposite go with each person, and click next to their name on the answer sheet. Sometimes you must choose
more than one person.

It's tough to be young. Answer sheet

Are you to old to be a child, but too young to be a teenager? We 1. feels that the physical changes of
interviewed five kids between the ages of ten and fourteen, and adolescence are disturbing?
asked them what were the most difficult things about being their age.
Here are their replies.

A. Robyn, aged ten I think the main problem when you are ten is that 2. feels ignored?
if you want to do something, or you don't like something, no-one
cares, because "you're just a kid". My sister is just two years older
than me, yet she is allowed to do all sorts of things I can't, because
everyone thinks I'm still a baby. I don't really care about boys, but I
have a friend called Darren. He's nice, but he's not a boyfriend or 3. thinks that their friends are coping
anything like that. better than they are? (two answers)

B. Sharon, aged eleven. At school it can be difficult with some of the

other girls. There are problems with bullies, and often we have too
much schoolwork to do. It's made even more difficult at home, 4. worries about the future?
where sometimes I feel unhappy and frustrated that I can't get on
with my brothers and sisters, and sometimes we fight and then our
parents get angry with us.
5. finds that being more independent
C. Terry, aged twelve. I have trouble growing up, because I feel I has problems?
have no control over my body. Going through puberty is difficult and
sometimes it's frightening. You get pimples, and your voice changes
and sometimes you feel really self-conscious. Also, you have more
responsibilities than you had before and you spend a lot of time
away from your family so you have to learn how to look after 6. has problems with people at school?
yourself. All your friends seem to know what they're doing, and
sometimes you feel very lonely and left out.

D. Darren, aged thirteen. I get really stressed out, because there is so 7. has the most problems at home?
much schoolwork. You've always got homework, and tests to do at (two answers)
the school. And it's frightening that what you do now can change the
way the rest of your life will be. Sometimes, we don't know what to
do, and we don't know who we can ask for help. Also, there is the
question of girls. We feel very embarrassed and self-conscious, 8. tries hardest to get on with their
everybody talks about going out with them all the time, and friends?
sometimes on feel that I'm the only one who doesn't know what to
do when I'm around girls.

E. Susan, aged fourteen. I spend a lot of time with girls who are my
age, and sometimes I have to fit in with them, even if I don't really 9. seems happiest with someone of the
agree with it sometimes. Otherwise, people make you feel you are opposite sex?
weird, and different. Also, you don't know what to do about boys.
Everybody else has got a boyfriend except me, but so many of the
boys are just so stupid I couldn't go out with them. It would be nice
to talk to someone about it, but the only people I know well are my
friends the same age, and none of them will admit they have any 10. sometimes feel uncomfortable with
problems. themselves? (two answers)

11. would like to be older?