Workshop 17 Analysis of A Fuel Nozzle Tip Using Convection Between Regions

WORKSHOP 17
ANALYSIS OF A FUEL NOZZLE TIP

USING CONVECTION BETWEEN
REGIONS
PAT312, Workshop 17, December 2006 WS17-2 Copyright 2007 MSC.Software Corporation
● Objective
● Model an axisymmetric slice of a fuel nozzle tip.
● Apply advective, radiative, and convective boundary
conditions.
● Run a steady state analysis and display results.
● Model Description:
● In this exercise you will create an axisymmetric model of a fuel nozzle tip. You will model
the heat transfer contribution of the fuel flow using an advective boundary condition. The
geometry and boundary conditions for the problem are shown below
● The interior surface of the nozzle across which the fuel flows must be coupled to the fuel
flow with a heat transfer coefficient. Since the corresponding fluid sink will not be a single
node but a series of nodes. Between regions (fixed) convection will be used to couple the
fuel nodes to the tube surface
● Exercise Overview:
1. Create a new database named exercise_17.db. Set the Tolerance to Default, and the
Analysis Code to MSC/THERMAL.
2. Create the nozzle, fluid stream, and Convective Quad geometry.
3. Verify that surface normals are consistent with RxZ reversing any surface normals which
are not consistent with RxZ.
4. Mesh the model surfaces with an IsoMesh of Quad4 elements and the curve representing
the fluid stream with Bar2 elements, global edge length of 0.100.
5. Use Finite Elements/Create/Node/Edit to create two ambient nodes 998 and 999 for the
ambient and flame temperatures, respectively.
6. Equivalence the nodes at the mating surface edges.
7. Apply Thermal Axisymmetric element properties to the nozzle and Advection Bar element
properties to the flow stream.
8. Define three fixed temperature, three convective, and two radiative boundary condition in
Loads/BC’s
9. Create and post a group and Nozzle which only includes the nozzle element.
10. Prepare and submit the model for analysis specifying that it is steady state analysis
including viewfactor and radiation resistor computations, for an axisymmetric model with
unit conversions from inches to feet that all calculations and output should be in F.
11. Read and plot the results.
12. Quit MSC.Patran.
Step 1: Open a New Database
d
Create a new database called
exercise_17.db
a. File / New.
b. Enter exercise_17 as the file
name.
c. Click OK. d
d. Choose Default Tolerance.
e. Select MSC/THERMAL as the
Analysis Code. b c
f. Click OK. e
Step 2: Create the Nozzle and Fluid Stream Geometry
i
e
Create the nozzle, fluid stream, and convective

quad geometry.
a. Geometry: Create/Surface/ XYZ.
a
b. Enter <4.5 0.05 0> for Vector Coordinate
List.
c. Enter [0 0.2 0] for Origin Coordinate List.
d. Click Apply.
e. Click the Show Label icon
f. Create the second surface by changing b
Vector Coordinates List to <0.5 0.05 0>
g. Click in Origin Coordinates List and select
the point in the lower right corner of
c
Surface 1, Point 4.
h. Click Apply. d
i. Select Viewing: Scale Factors… to
increase the scale of the model in the Y-
direction.
j. Enter 5.0 for Model Y
k. Click Apply, then Cancel.
Step 2: Create the Nozzle and Fluid Stream Geometry (Cont.)
a
Create the surface that will
represent the geometry where the
b
steel and still air will reside. c
a. Geometry.
b. Transform/Surface/
Translate.
c. Click inside Direction Vector,
f c
select the tip and base icon
and select Point 5, then
Point 6 in the viewport.
d. Enter 2 for the Repeat Count.
e. Deselect Auto Execute.
c
f. Click in the Surface List box
and drag a rectangle around
both surfaces in the view port.
g. Apply.
d
e
f
g
Step 2: Create the Nozzle and Fluid Stream Geometry (Cont.)
Create the two curves where the bar

elements will be located. h
a
a. Geometry:
Create/Curve/XYZ.
b. Enter <4.5 0 0> for Vector
Coordinate List.
c. Deselect Auto Execute.
d. Insert [0 0 0] to Origin
Coordinates List. b f
e. Click Apply.
c
f. To create the second curve
set Vector and Origin List to d f i
<0.5 0 0> and Point 14, j
respectively. e g
g. Click Apply.
h. Delete Surface 3 to create
the space for the air gap.
Geometry: Delete/Any
i. Select Surface 3 for
Geometric Entity List.
j. Click Apply.
k. Refresh the graphics.
Step 3: Verify Surface Normals and Flow Direction
m a
j
Verify that surface normals are consistent

with RxZ. Reverse any surface normals
which are not consistent with RxZ.
a. To verify normals change to an
isometric view using the Tool Bar b e
icon.
b. Geometry: Show/Surface/Normal
c. Drag a rectangle around all k
surfaces in the viewport for Surface
List. f
d. Click Apply.
e. Geometry: Edit/Surface/Reverse g
f. Deselect Auto Execute. i
g. Select all surfaces in the viewport
for Surface List.
h. Click Apply. h
i. Click Draw Normal Vectors button.
j. Display: Geometry…
k. Select Show Parametric Direction.
l. Click Apply, then Cancel.
m. Return to default Front view.
c
l
d
Step 3: Verify Surface Normals and Flow Direction (Cont.)
Verify that surface normals are consistent

with RxZ. Reverse any surface normals
which are not consistent with RxZ.
(continued)
a. Remove parametric directions display
by clicking on Display: Geometry…
b
b. Deselect Show Parametric
Direction.
c. Click Apply, then Cancel.
d. Click on Reset Graphics
f
Step 4: IsoMesh the Surfaces and Curves
Mesh the model surfaces with IsoMesh using

Quad4 elements, and the curves,
representing the fluid stream, with IsoMesh a e
using Bar2 elements.
a. Elements: Create/Mesh/Surface.
b. Drag a rectangle around all surfaces in
the viewport for Surface List.
c. Enter 0.100 for Global Edge Length.
d. Click Apply.
e. Create Bar2 elements along Curves 1
and 2. Elements: Create/Mesh/Curve.
f. Select Curves1 and 2 using the shift- f
left mouse button for Curve List.
g. Enter 0.100 for Global Edge Length.
h. Click Apply. b g
h
c
Step 4: IsoMesh the Surfaces and Curves (Cont.)
Step 5: Create Boundary Nodes
Use Finite Elements: Create/ Node/Edit to

create two ambient nodes Node 998 and
999 for the ambient and flame a
temperatures.
a. Elements: Create/Node/Edit.
b. Enter 998 for Node ID List. b
c. Deselect Associate with Geometry.
d. Deselect Auto Execute
e. Enter [2.5 0.3 0] for Node Location
List.
f. Click Apply.
g. Repeat for Node 999 located at c
[5.2 0.15 0].
d
e
Step 5: Create Boundary Nodes (Cont.)
b
Increase the size of the node
markers. Use either Display: Finite
Elements… or the associated tool
bar icon to change the node size.
a. Display: Finite Elements…
b. Use slider bar to adjust Node
Size to 9. e
c. Click Apply, then Cancel.
d. Display: Entity c f
Color/Label/Render…
e. Hide All Geometry Labels Node 998
f. Click Apply, then Cancel.
Node 999
Step 6: Equivalence Nodes
Equivalence the nodes at the mating

surface edges.
a. Elements: a
Equivalence/All/Tolerance Cube
b. Click Apply.
Step 7: Apply Element Properties to Nozzle
Apply Thermal Axisymmetric element

properties to the nozzle, and Advection
Bar element properties to the flow stream.
a. Use tool bar Label Control icon to
b
display Surface labels. e
b. Properties: Create/2D/Thermal
Axisymmetric.
c. Enter Nickel for Property Set
Name.
d. Click Input Properties… c
e. Enter 243 for Material Name.
f. Click OK
g. Select Surface 1, 2, and 4 in the
viewport using Shift-left mouse d
button for Select Members.
h. Click Add, then Apply. g
i. Repeat these steps for Steel, MID f
379, and Surfaces 5 and 6.
Step 7: Apply Element Properties to Nozzle (Cont.)
The last element property to be created

will define the Bar2 elements as advective a
bars.
d
a. Properties: Create/1D/Advection
bar
e
b. Enter Adv_bars for Property Set
Name…
c. Click Input Properties…
b
d. Enter 1 for Fluid Spec Heat MPID.
e. Enter 50 for Mass Flow Rate.
f. Click OK.
g. Select Curves 1 and 2, using Shift- c
left mouse button, for Select
Members. g
h. Click Add, then Apply.
f
Step 8: Apply Boundary Conditions
b
h
Define three fixed temperature, three
convective, and two radiative boundary
condition in Loads/BC’s.
a. Loads/BCs:
Create/Temperature/Nodal e
i
b. Enter Fixed for Option.
c. Enter T_air for New Set Name f
d. Click Input Data…
e. Enter 1000.0 for Fixed Temperature
c
f. Click OK.
g. Click Select Application Region…
h. Select FEM for Geometry Filter. j
i. Select Node 998 in the viewport for
Select Nodes. d
j. Click Add, OK, and Apply.
g
k. Repeat these steps for a New Set j Node 998 Node 999
Name T_flame of 4000 °F applied to
Node 999, located to the right of the
nozzle, and for a New Set Name
T_fuel of 200 °F applied to Node 221,
located at the lower left corner of Node 221
the model at the fuel stream inlet.
Step 8: Apply Boundary Conditions (Cont.)
Create the ambient convection boundary

condition.Use a New Set Name Amb_conv, a
Convection Coefficient of 500.0, and a Fluid
Node Node 998.
a. Loads/BCs:
Create/Convection/Element a
Uniform j
b. Select Template, Convection for
Options. f
c. Enter Amb_conv for New Set Name.
b
d. Select 2D for Target Element Type.
e. Click Input Data…
f. Enter 500 for Convection Coefficient.
g
g. Select node Node 998 for Fluid Node
ID. l
h
h. Click OK.
i. Click Select Application Region…
m
j. Select Geometry for Geometry Filter.
k. Select Edge icon from the select c
menu.
l. Select the top edges of Surfaces 1 d
and 2, Surface 1.3 and 2.3, using the
Shift-left mouse button for Select
Surfaces or Edges. e
m. Click Add, OK, and Apply. k
i
m
m
Create gap condition across still air gap with

h=k/L , where k=0.029 BTU/ hr ft2 °F and b
L=0.05/12 ft. Hence h= 7.0 BTU/hr ft2 °F .
a. Loads/BCs: Create/Convection/Element
Uniform
b. Select Fixed Coefficient for Options.
c. Enter Still_air for New Set Name.
g j
e. Select 2D for Region 2 k
f. Click on Input Data… h
g. Enter 7.0 for Convection Coefficient.
h. Click OK.
i. Click Select Application Region…
j. Click in Application Region/Select
Surfaces or Edges. Select the bottom c l
edge of Surface1, Surface 1.1.
k. Click Add. m
d
l. Click in Coupling Region/Select Surfaces
or Edges. Select the top edge of Surface e
5, Surface 5.3. f
m. Click Add, OK, and Apply.
i m
PAT312, Workshop 17, December 2006 m WS17-22 Copyright 2007 MSC.Software Corporation
Since the convection coefficient from fuel-to-nozzle is now

constant, h=500 BTU/hr ft2 °F, the Convection/Fixed b
Coefficient regions option can also be used for the fuel-to-
nozzle connection.
a. Loads/BCs: Create/Convection/Element
Uniform.
b. Select Fixed Coefficient for Option.
c. Enter Fuel_convection for New Set Name.
d. Select 2D for Target Element Type. j
e. Select 1D for Region 2. g k
f. Click Input Data…
g. Enter 500.0 for Convection Coefficient.
h. Click OK.
i. Click Select Application Region… h
j. Click in Application Region/Select Surfaces or
Edges. Select the lower edges of Surface 5 and 6,
Surface 5.1 and 6.1, using Shift-left mouse button. l
k. Click Add.
l. Click in Coupling Region/Select Curves. Select
m
Curve 1 and 2 using Shift-left mouse button. c
m. Click Add, OK, and Apply.
n. Display: Load/BC/Elem. Props
o. Click Vectors/Filters. d
p. Scale Factor: 0.05 e m
q. Click Apply.
f
i
PAT312, Workshop 17, December 2006 m WS17-23 Copyright 2007 MSC.Software Corporation
Create the flame radiation boundary condition. Use a

New Set Name Flame_rad, a VFAC Template ID of
10, an Ambient node Node 999, a Convex Surface a
ID of 999, an Obstr Flag of 1, and an Enclosure ID of m
1. f
a. Loads/BCs: Create/Radiation/Element b
Uniform g
b. Select Template, View Factors for Option.
c. Enter Flame_rad for New Set Name.
h
o
i p
f. Enter 1 for Enclosure ID.
g. Enter 10 for VFAC Template ID.
h. Enter 999 for Convex Surface ID.
j
i. Select Node 999 for Ambient Node ID.
j. Deselect Can Be Obstructing Surface. c
k. Click OK.
d p
l. Click Select Application Region…
m. Select Geometry for Geometry Filter.
n. Select Edge icon from select menu. e
o. Select the right edges of Surface 2, 4, and 6, l k
Surface 2.2 4.2 6.2, by using the Shift-left
mouse button for Select Surfaces or Edges. p
p. Click Add, OK, and Apply.
Create the radiation effect in the still air gap.

a. Loads/BCs: Create/Radiation/Element
Uniform
b. Select Template, View Factor for
Option. a
c. Enter Still_air_rad for New Set Name.
d. Select 2D for Target Element Type. b m
f
f. Enter 2 for Enclosure ID. g
g. Enter 10 for VFAC Template ID.
h. No entry for Convex Surface ID. h
i. No entry for Ambient Node ID.
o
j. Deselect Can Be Obstructing Surface. i
k. Click OK. p
l. Click Select Application Region…
m. Select Geometry for Geometry Filter.
n. Select Edge icon from select menu. c j
o. Select the perimeter surface edges of
the still air gap, Surface 1.1, 4.4, and d
5.3, using the Shift-left mouse button for
Select Surfaces or Edges. p
p. Click Add, OK, and Apply. e k
l
p
Step 9: Create a Group Named Nozzle
Create and post a group name

Nozzle which only includes the
nozzle elements.
a. Group: Create…
b. Enter Nozzle for New
Group Name.
c. Select Make Current.
d. Select Unpost All Other
Groups.
e. Drag a rectangle around the
nozzle portion of the model b
including the two boundary c
nodes for Entity Selection. d
f. Click Apply, then Cancel.
f
Step 10: Create template.dat.apnd and mat.dat.apnd Files
Use Analysis: Build Template form

to create a file named c
template.dat.apnd containing the
VFAC definitions.
a. Analysis: Build Template.
b. Click Create Template
File…
c. Create/VFAC/Data Entry
d. Enter 10 for VFAC ID.
e. Enter 0.8 for Emissivity.
f. Click Apply.
d g i
g. Click Write File…
h. Enter name Note: a mat.dat.apnd file is required to define the
template.dat.apnd.
specific heat property of the advection flow. The
i. Click OK, Cancel, and e
mat.dat.apnd file required for this exercise is
Cancel.
identical to that created in exercise 12. The file
j. Create the mat.dat.apnd
file with the contents shown
contents are shown as follows. Be sure to create
using a text editor. this as a plain text file.
f i j
Step 11: Prepare and Run Analysis
Prepare and submit the model for analysis.

a. Analysis: Analyze/Full Model/Full
Run a
b. Click Translation Parameters… c
c. Select Axisymmetric Geometry, R Z
Co-ordinates for Model
Dimensionality.
d. Select Y axis for Radial, R Co-
ordinate. d e
e. Select X axis for Centerline, Z Co-
ordinate.
f. Select Perform Geometry Units f
Conversion.
g. Select inches for From Units. h
g
h. Select feet for To Units.
i. Select 3, mpidfph.bin (BTU-feet-lbm-
hour) for File to Extract Undefined
Materials.
j. Click OK. i
k. Click Solution Type… b
l. Continue to next page.
k
Step 11: Prepare and Run Analysis (Cont.)
Prepare and submit the model for

analysis. (continued)
a. Select Perform Viewfactor
Analysis.
b. Click OK
c. Click Solution Parameters…
d. Select Fahrenheit for f
Calculation Temperature Scale.
e. Click Run Control
Parameters… g
f. Select 1.7140E-9
BTU/HR/FT2/R4 for Stenfan-
Boltzmann Constant. a h
g. Enter 1000.0 for Initial
Temperature.
h. Select Fahrenheit for Initial
Temperature Scale.
i. Click OK, and OK.
Step 11: Prepare and Run Analysis (Cont.)
Prepare and submit the model for

analysis. (continued)
a. Click Output Requests…
b. Click Fahrenheit for Units
Scale for Output
Temperatures. b
c. Enter Hours for Units c
Definition for Time Label.
d. Click OK.
e. Click Apply on the Analyze
form.
Step 12: Read and Plot Results
Read and plot the results. c

a. Analysis: Read Result/Result a
Entities.
b. Click Select Results File…
c. Select exercise_17 for directory.
d. Select nr0.nrf.01 for available file.
e. Click OK. d e
f. Click Select Rslt Template File.
g. Select pthermal_1_nodal.res.
Tmpl.
h. Click OK.
i. Click Apply. c
b
f
g h
i
Step 12: Read and Plot Results (Cont.)
a
a
Now that the results have been read, plot b

them. To plot the results use the Results
application. Select the results file, etc.
a. Results: Create/Quick Plot
b. Select TIME: 0.0000000000D+00 g
HOURS for Select Result Cases.
c. Select Temperature for Select h
Fringe Result.
d. Select the Fringe Attributes icon.
i
e. Select Element Edges for Display.
f. Click Label Style…
g. Select Fixed for Label Format. e
h. Use slider bar adjust to 4 for
Significant figures.
i. Click OK.
j. Click Apply.
Step 12: Read and Plot Results (Cont.)
Step 13: Quit MSC.Patran
Quit MSC.Patran
a. Select File on the Menu Bar
and select Quit from the drop
down menu

Workshop 17 Analysis of A Fuel Nozzle Tip Using Convection Between Regions

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WORKSHOP 17

ANALYSIS OF A FUEL NOZZLE TIP

12. Quit MSC.Patran.

Create the nozzle, fluid stream, and convective

Create the two curves where the bar

Verify that surface normals are consistent

Verify that surface normals are consistent

Mesh the model surfaces with IsoMesh using

Use Finite Elements: Create/ Node/Edit to

Equivalence the nodes at the mating

Apply Thermal Axisymmetric element

The last element property to be created

Create the ambient convection boundary

Create gap condition across still air gap with

Since the convection coefficient from fuel-to-nozzle is now

Create the flame radiation boundary condition. Use a

Create the radiation effect in the still air gap.

Create and post a group name

Use Analysis: Build Template form

Prepare and submit the model for analysis.

Prepare and submit the model for

Prepare and submit the model for

Read and plot the results. c

Now that the results have been read, plot b

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