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Design of Singly Reinforced Beam with Torsion

Code: IS 456 : 2000 Limit state

1.) Design Loads:

Shear force, Vu = 100 kN

Bending Moment, Mu = 200 kNm

Torsional Moment, Tu = 50 kNm

Notes:

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 Designed by : ASB
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2.) Material properties:

Grade of Concrete = M20 (Refer Table 5)

Grade of steel = Fe 415

Characteristic strength of concrete,fck = 20 N/mm2

Yield strength of steel,fy = 415 N/mm2

Youngs modulus of steel , Es = 200000 N/mm2

3.) Breadth and Depth of beam:

Breadth of beam, b = 400 mm

Depth of beam, D = 700 mm

Cover, C = 50 mm

Effective depth of beam, d = D C

= 650 mm

Ratio of Breadth to Depth = b /D = 0.57

4.) Limiting depth of neutral axis, Xumax:

X u,max
= 0.48 (Refer clause 38.1)
d
Xu,max = (0.48*650)

= 312.00 mm

5.) Limiting Moment of Resistance Mu,lim:

xu,max  xu,max  2
Mu,lim  0.36  1  0.42  bd fck
d d = 466.32 kNm (Refer Annex G)
 
Mu,lim > Mu Singly Reinforced Beam

6.) Equivalent Bending Moment, Me1:

 1 D / b 
M  Tu   = 80.88 kNm
t  1.7 

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M  Mu  M = 280.88 kNm
e1 t
Mt < Mu Flexural Compression Reinforcement is not required

7.) Area of steel required for Tension reinforcement, A st:

 Ast fy 
Mu  0.87fy A d  1   (Refer Annex G)
st  bdf
 ck 

Ast, required = 1340.21 mm2

Provide 2 - 25 & 2 - 16 mm dia

Ast, provided = 1383.87 mm2 Safe

A
Percentage of Ast, provided  st  100 = 0.53 %
bd

8.) Minimum area of Tension reinforcement A stmin:

0.85
Astmin =  bd (Refer clause 26.5.1.1)
fy

= 532.53 mm2 Safe

9.) Maximum area of Tension reinforcement A stmax: (Refer clause 26.5.1.1)

Astmax = 0.04  bD

= 11200.0 mm2 Safe

10.) Check for vertical deflection limit: (Refer clause 23.2.1)

Basic value of span to effective depth ratio = 20

Stress in steel, fs

Area of cross-section of steel required = 233.11 N/mm2

fs  0.58fy
Area of cross-section of steel provided

Modification factor for tension reinforcement = 1.15 (Refer FIG.4)

Span of beam,L = 8000 mm

Allowable vertical deflection limit = Basic value  Modification factor

= 23.0
L

d
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L
Actual vertical deflection  = 12.3 Safe
d

11.) Equivalent Shear, Ve:

T
Ve  Vu  1.6 u
b = 300.00 kN

12.) Check for Vertical Stirrups: (Refer clause 40)

Ve
Equivalent nominal Shear Stress, τve =
bd

= 1.15 N/mm2

Allowable maximum shear stress,τcmax = 2.8 N/mm2 > τve, Safe

Design shear strength of concrete, τc = 0.48 N/mm2 < τve,

Design Vertical stirrups

13.) Minimum shear reinforcement:

Spacing of shear reinforcements, sv = 281.24 mm

Maximum spacing of shear reinforcement = Min  (0.75  d ),300  (Refer clause 26.5.1.5)

= 300 mm Safe

0.4
Total C/S area of stirrup legs effective in shear, Asv = bsv (Refer clause 26.5.1.6)
0.87fy

= 124.63 mm2

Provide 8 mm dia 2 legged stirrups

Area of shear reinforcement provided = 100.53 mm2 Increase Ast

13.) Design of Vertical stirrups:

Spacing of shear reinforcements, sv = 200 mm

Center to center distance between corner

bars in the direction of width,b1 = b   2C 

= 300 mm

Center to center distance between corner

bars in the direction of depth,d1 = D   2C 

= 600 mm

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Area of shear reinforcement, Asv = Tu sv Vu sv



b d 0.87fy
1 1 
2.5d 0.87fy
1  
= 154 mm2

Provide 10 mm dia 2 legged stirrups

Asv, provided = 157 mm2 Safe

14.) Check for minimum area of shear reinforcement, A svmin:

Asvmin =
  ve   c  bsv
0.87fy
= 149 mm2 Safe

15.) Check for maximum spacing of vertical stirrups, S vmax:

Short dimension of the stirrups, x1 = 306 mm

Long dimension of the stirrups, y1 = 606 mm

 x1  y1  = 228 mm
 
 4 
 x y
1 ,300  = 228 mm
Sv max  Min  x , 1 
 1 4
 

16.) Check for Slenderness Limit: (Refer clause 23.3)

Clear span = 8000 mm

Allowable span =
 250b 2 
Min  60b , 
 d 
 
= 24000 Safe

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 Designed by : ASB
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 Designed by : ASB
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 0.36  fck  xu ,max 

pt ,lim  
 0.87  f  d   100
% of Area =  y 

= 0.96 %

= 0.718 to 0.77

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Calculation of Ast:

280882352.9 = 234682.5 Ast - 18.72947 Ast2

Ast2 - 12530.12 Ast + 14996814 = 0 Allowable maximum shear stress, τcm

= 11189.91 mm2 Conc. Grade

Ast
= 1340.21 mm2 M15
M20
M25
Actual depth of neutral axis: M30
M35
Xu 0.87fy Ast
 M40
d 0.36fck bd
Xu = 173.49 mm
owable maximum shear stress, τcmax: Table 20

τcmax
2.5
2.8
3.1
3.5
3.7
4.0
1.) Width to over all depth ratio is normally kept between 0.5 to 0.67
2.) Percentage of reinforcement for singly reinforced beam is maintained between 75 to 80 % of p t,lim
This will ensure the strain in steel will be more than  0.87  fy  as the design stress in steel will b
  0.002 
 0.36  fck  xu ,max   Es 
pt ,lim  
 0.87  f  d   100
 y 
3.) This will ensure the ductile failure & Under reinforced beams
4.) % of Ast gets increased by increasing the concrete grade for a particular grade of steel.
5.) % of Ast gets increased by lowering the steel grade for a particular grade of concrete.
6.) Check slenderness limit to ensure lateral stability.
7.) Side face reinforcement is provided, when depth of beam is greater than 750mm. Area shall be not less than 0.1% percent
 as the design stress in steel will be 0.87  fy

hall be not less than 0.1% percent of web area