YTEK CONTROLS, INC.

1
Volume

DEHRADUN, UTTARAKHAND, INDIA

Electronic Governor for

HEP Operation Manual,

Schematic & Wiring

Diagrams

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Feature of Fully Automatic

1
Chapter
Electronic Governor for HEP
A comprehensive Hydro Electric Plant’s automation and
governing system.

Features
 Built in Auto-synchronizer.

 Suitable for Kaplan, Francis, Turgo-Impulse, Pelton turbines

and derivatives.

 Programmable in the field with Flash and EEPROM memory

for data retention.

 Multi-Tasking, Multi Processor architecture with seven

embedded processors.

 Suitable for Isolated and Grid operation

 Suitable for black start operation of Turbine Generator set.

 Suitable for water level control, load control etc. with

appropriate transducers.

 High speed digital filtering on all Analog input channels for

noise immunity.

 Controlled ‘Dither signal modulation’ of actuator signals for

dead band elimination.

 Power-on self test with error correction and reporting.

 Extensive safety interlocks for critical control signals.

 Built in test facility to test all input and output signals.

 From panel indication for all incoming signals, outgoing

signals, alarm conditions and processor status.
  Single push button start. The turbine can be started,
Synchronised to the Grid and loaded to pre-set value with
the press of a single start button.

 Provision for local and remote operation.

 Powerful user interface.

 Provision to download configuration data from PC through

serial interface.

 Compatible for SCADA systems with industry standard

MODBUS protocol.

Fuzz-9800 is a state of-the-art programmable digital electronic

Governor used for speed, load and level control of hydroelectric
turbines. It is well suited for Kaplan turbines (both single
regulated and double regulated Kaplan turbines), Francis
turbines, Turgo-impulse turbines, Pelton turbines (Single and
Multiple Jets) and its derivatives. The Governor can be
configured through software depending on the type of turbine,
actuator capacity, actuator response time and type of control
required. Fuzz-9800 also has a built in Auto synchronizer. Since
the Auto Synchroniser is closely coupled with the Governor,
synchronisation with the Grid can be achieved within the
shortest possible time. In Auto mode the whole start-up process
including synchronisation with the Grid and loading of the
turbine to a pre-set value can be done with the press of a single
START button. It has a powerful user interface which can be
used to configure the governor to suit any demanding
requirements.

Fuzz 9800 is a stand alone governor with its own user friendly
man machine interface which includes four displays, 35 push
button keys and 50 LED indications on the front facia. This
configuration increases the reliability of the governor because
it does not depend on any other system like PC’s for command
input and displays.

Fuzz9800 Electronic governor can also be networked to a

SCADA system or an individual PC through the serial interface
provided on the rear side of the governor. The interface

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supports industry standard MODBUS SLAVE RTU protocol.
Any other custom protocols also be implemented in C-
Language

The Governor hardware is based on distributed digital

processing architecture with seven embedded RISC processors
performing dedicated control functions. The main CPU and
dedicated watchdog timers monitor health of each processor. In
case of any abnormality the Governor gives withdraws the
Governor OK signal, which can be used to shut down the
turbine. Sensor and actuator failures are detected by the
governor with the help of Fuzzy logic intelligence built into the
System.

Specifications of the electronic governor

Power supply requirements

1. Input Voltage : 110Volts DC +/-10%

2. Input current requirement : 1 Amp at 110 Volts
3. Power consumption : 100Watts

Mechanical details

1. Physical dimensions : 483mm width

132.5mm height
320mm depth
2. Weight : Approximately 7kg.

Environmental Specifications

1. Operating Temperature : 0 to 50º C

2. Storage Temperature : -10º C to 60º C
3. Relative Humidity : to100% non condensing

Input/ output signal details

Digital Input signal details

1. No of input channels : 16 Nos.

2. Input Voltage range : 18V DC to 32V Dc
3. Input impedance : 2.2 KΏ
4. Type of isolation : Optical isolation

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Digital output signal details

1. No of output channels : 16 Nos.

2. Type of out put : Relay contact
3. Output contact rating : 0 to 32 V, 1 Amp
4. Type of isolation : Relay isolation

Analog input signal details

1. No of channels : 8 Nos.
2. Input range : 4 - 20mA
3. Input resistance : 100Ω
4. Resolution : 12bits
5. Common mode voltage : ±12V

Analog output signal details

1. No of channels : 8 Nos.
2. Output range : ±10mA
3. Resolution : 12bits
4. Type of output : Referenced to fixed Ground.

Speed input channel details

1. No of channels : 3Nos.
2. Type of input : 0/24v pulse I/P(1 No.)
110V PT input (2 Nos.)
3. Resolution : 0.01 Hz
4. Pulse rate for 24V : 750/ 1500 pulse per sec. at
50Hz
(Selectable through software)

Speed Test output signal details

1. No of channels : 3 Nos.
2. Type of Output : 0 /24V Pulse
3. Output Frequency : 50Hz (2Nos.)
750/1500 Hz (1 No.)
Selectable through software.

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Governor Mounting Details

Figure 1, Governor Mounting Details

The Governor can be mounted on the control panel by making a

cut-out of width 445 mm and height 134.5mm. Governor
mounting accessories which consists of 4 nos. M6 size screws
with nuts and decorative plastic washers are supplied along
with the Governor. Mounting holes of 8mm diameter may be
made on the control panel as per the dimensions given in the
figure 1.

Governor rear panel details

REAR VIEW OF GOVERNER

Figure 2, Governor Rear Panel wiring details

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The figure above shows the rear panel view of the Governor.
The cards staring from the left are Analog I/O-2, Analog I/O-1,
Digital I/O-2, Digital IIO-1, Auto-Synchronizer, CPU and Power
Supply. Field terminations are provided on the connectors of
the respective cards. Five Cables are supplied along with the
Governor, one for each card. Five cables are supplied along
with Governor, one for each card with a length of 2.5 meters.
One side of the cable is terminated with 25-pin “D” type
connector and the other side is crimped with 2.5mm Lugs.
Power supply connections are provided on a terminal strip as
shown in the figure above. The power supply is protected with
a fuse of 2.5 Amp for 110 Volts Power Supply Input.

Input output cable and connector details

Auto synchronizer Cable and Connector Details (AUTO
SYNC)

Signal Wire Con Ferrule Signal description

Name Colo n. Tag
ur Pin
Gen. PT-A Yellow 1. A3 Generator PT signal, terminal A
NC 2.
NC. 3.
Gen. PT-B White 4. A4 Generator PT signal, terminal A
NC 5.
NC. 6.
Gen. PT-A Blue 7. A5 Grid PT signal, terminal A
NC 8.
NC. 9.
Gen. PT-A Green 10. A6 Grid PT signal, terminal B
NC 11.
SP Red 12. A1 Speed pulse, Positive
SP Orange 13. A2 Speed pulse, Negative
NC. 14.
NC. Dark 15. A9 Speed test O/P, Simulated GRID PT
NC. 16.
NC. 17.
NC. 18.

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NC. 19.
NC. 20.
SP TST-3 Violet 21. A8 Speed test O/P, Simulated speed
NC. 22.
NC. 23.
NC. 24.
SP TST-1 Brown 25. A7 Speed test O/P, Simulated GEN PT
26.

Digital Input / Output card Connector Details ( Digital I/O-

1)

Signal Wire Conn Ferru Signal description

Name Colour . Pin le Tag
No.
DI- 08 Cream 1. B8 Speed Lower command input
DI- 08 White- 2. B6 Load Lower command input
DI- 08 White Yellow 3. B4 Circuit breaker close feedback
DI- 08 Light Brown 4. B2 Emergency shut down
DI- 08 Rose 5. B9 Return line for digital inputs
DO- 08 Black 6. D8 AVR voltage lower command
DO- 07 Dark Grey 7. D7 AVR voltage raise command
DO- 06 Violet 8. D6 Speed>90% for AVR On
DO- 05 Light Blue 9. D5 Circuit breaker open command
DO- 04 Black-White 10. D4 Circuit breaker close command
DO- 03 Blue 11. D3 Auto synchroniser ON
DO- 02 Light Green 12. D2 Emergency shut down for
DO- 01 Green 13. D1 Governor O.K. signal output
DI- 07 Yellow 14. B7 Speed raise command input
DI- 05 Orange 15. B5 Load limit raise command input
DI- 03 Red 16. B3 Auto synchroniser ON
DI- 01 Brown 17. B1 Governor start command input
DI- RET 18.
GND 19.
+24V 20.
DO - White 21. D9 Common point to all digital
DO - 22.
DO - Light Grey 23. D9 Common point to all digital
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DO - 24.
DO - Blue White 25. D9 Common point to all digital

Digital Input / Output card Connector Details (Digital I/O-

2)

Signal Wire Conn Ferrul Signal description

Name Colour . Pin e Tag
No.

DI- 16 Cream 1. C8 Hydraulic Pressure low

DI- 14 White- 2. C6 Governor Manual
DI- 12 White Yellow 3. C4 BFV CLOSE input
DI- 10 Light Brown 4. C2 By Pass Valve
DI- RET Rose 5. C9
DO- 16 Black 6. E8 Dump Start
DO- 15 Dark Grey 7. E7 AVR OFF command output
DO- 14 Violet 8. E6 Nozzle 2 Close command output
DO-13 Light Blue 9. E5 Nozzle 2 Open command output
DO- 12 Black -White 10. E4 Nozzle 1 Close command output
DO- 11 Blue 11. E3 Nozzle 1 Open command output
DO- 10 Light Green 12. E2 BFV Close command output
DO- 01 Green 13. E1 BFV Open command output
DI- 09 Yellow 14. C7 Hydraulic Pressure Normal
DI- 15 Orange 15. C3 BFV OPEN input
DI- 13 Red 16. C1 Normal shutdown command I/P to
DI- 11 Brown 17.
DI- RET2 18.
GND 19.
+24V 20.
DO - COM White 21. E9 Command point for all Digital
DO - COM 22.
DO - COM Light Grey 23. E9 Command point for all Digital
DO - COM 24.
DO - COM Blue- White 25. E9 Command point for all Digital
outputs
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Analog Input/Output Cable and Connector Details ( Analog
I/O-1)

Signal Wire Conn. Ferrul Signal description

Name Colour Pin e Tag
No.
AI – 01 + Brown 1. J1 Needle position Feed Back Input (4 to
AI – 01 - Black 2. J2 Return for Needle position feed Back
AI – 02 + Red 3. J3 Deflector Position Input (4 to 20mA)
AI – 02 - White-Red 4. J4 Return for Deflector Position Input
AI – 03 + Orange 5. J5 Analog Input Spare-1(4 to 20mA)
AI – 03 - Rose 6. J6 Return for Spare-1
AI – 04 + Yellow 7. J7 Analog Input Spare-2(4 to 20mA)
AI – 04 - Cream 8. J8 Return for Spare-2
AO - 01 Green 9. K1 Needle Prop. Value Control Output
AO – 02 Blue 10. K3 Deflector Prop. Value Control Output
AO – 03 Violet 11. K5 Analog Output Spare-1(±10mA)
AO - 04 Dark Grey 12. K7 Analog Output Spare-2(±10mA)
NC 13.
Analog 14.
Analog 15.
Analog 16.
Analog 17.
Analog 18.
Analog 19.
Analog 20.
Analog 21.
Analog White- 22. K2 Needle Prop. Value Control Output
Analog White- 23. K4 Deflector Prop. Value Control Output
Analog Light-Blue 24. K5 Analog Output Spare-1 return
Analog White 25. K8 Analog Output Spare-2 return

Analog Input/Output Cable and Connector Details (Analog

I/O-2)
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Signal Wire Conn. Ferrul Signal description
Name Colour Pin e Tag
No.
AI – 05 + Brown 1. L1 Analog Input Spare-3(4 to 20mA)
AI – 05 - Black 2. L2 Return for Spare-3
AI – 06+ Red 3. L3 Analog Input Spare-4(4 to 20mA)
AI – 06 - White-Red 4. L4 Return for Spare-4
AI – 07 + Orange 5. L5 Analog Input Spare-5(4 to 20mA)
AI – 07 - Rose 6. L6 Return for Spare-5
AI – 08 + Yellow 7. L7 Analog Input Spare-6(4 to 20mA)
AI – 08 - Cream 8. L8 Return for Spare-6
AO – 05 Green 9. M1 Analog Output Spare-3(±10mA)
AO – 06 Blue 10. M3 Analog Output Spare-4(±10mA)
AO – 07 Violet 11. M5 Analog Output Spare-5(±10mA)
AO - 08 Dark Grey 12. M7 Analog Output Spare-6(±10mA)
NC 13.
Analog 14.
Analog 15.
Analog 16.
Analog 17.
Analog 18.
Analog 19.
Analog 20.
Analog 21.
Analog White- 22. M2 Analog Output Spare-3 return
Analog White- 23. M4 Analog Output Spare-4 return
Analog Light-Blue 24. M5 Analog Output Spare-5 return
Analog White 25. M8 Analog Output Spare-6return

Power Supply Connector Details

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SL. Description
No.

1. +24V → 24 Volt Dc Output, 2Amps for

sensors

h 2. +5V → +5 Volt Dc Output for measurement

only

3. GND → GND for 24V, 5V & ±12V

4. +15V / +12V → +12V Dc Output for measurement

only

5. -15V / -12V → -12 V Dc Output for measurement

only

6. Earth ← Chassis Earth from Earthing strip

7. NC

8. 24V DC IN (+) ← 24Volts DC Input Power, 1.5Amp

9. NC

10. 24V DC IN (+) ← Return for 24Volts DC Input power

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User Interface of the Governor

Figure 3, Governor Display and user interface

The Governor user interface consists of a 4x4 seven segment LED

display, 35Keymembrane keyboard with dedicated and general
purpose keys. LED indications for Digital Input and Digital
Output channels, Governor status, Alarm conditions and Power
Supply ON/OFF status.

Display Pages and Function keys.

The Governor has four function keys namely F1, F2, F3 and F4.
These are used as hot keys to change the display pages and the
function of corresponding increment and decrement keys. By
default, when the governor is powered on, the main page
corresponding to "F1" key press is displayed. Displayed
parameters and function of the corresponding increment and
decrement keys are explained below.

Display Page corresponding to F1 Key

Actual Needle Opening in % Actual Speed in Hz.

Needle opening Limit Set Point Speed Set Point in Hz

Actual Speed is derived from the 'Speed Pulse Signal' and the
frequency measured from the Generator PT signal. Most
consistent speed of the two is used as the actual speed of the
turbine. In this way the speed loop will function even if any of the
speed input signal falls. The corresponding Alarm LED on the
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front face of the Governor indicates failure of any of the speed
signal.

Function of 'Needle Opening Limit Set Point" display and

increment/decrement keys on the governor is determined by the
Auto/Manual selection of the governor. In Auto mode and manual
mode, the "Needle Opening Limit Set Point" display and
Increment/decrement keys correspond to the both the Needle
Opening Limit Set points.

Prior to Synchronisation, the Speed set point is governed by the

Auto/Manual selection of the governor. In Auto mode, the Speed
set point will be set to a value slightly (0.5Hz) higher than the
grid frequency. If Grid frequency is lower than the lowest
permissible Grid frequency (47 Hz In this case) or if grid is not
available, Speed set point will be set to 47 Hz. If the grid
frequency is greater than the maximum permissible Grid
frequency (53 Hz In this case), speed set point will be set to 53
Hz.

In Manual mode, the Speed set point can be incremented or

decremented using the corresponding keys within the frequency
limits mentioned above.

After synchronization (which is sensed by the unit circuit breaker

closed feed back input to the governor), the speed set point will
be automatically set to 53.00 Hz so that the machine can take
toad. The operator can subsequently increment or decrement the

speed set point to any value within the permissible limits using
the increment and decrement keys.

Display Page corresponding to F2 Key

Actual Deflector Opening in % Frequency derived from speed

pulse in Hz.

Needle/Deflector opening Limit Speed Set Point in Hz

Set Point

Frequency is also sensed from the Speed pulse input signal.

This frequency will be available when the machine is rotating
and the speed sensor is working properly.
Speed pulse frequency can be independently viewed on this
page to verify that the sensor is working properly.

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 Function of “Needle/ Deflector Opening Limit Set Point”
display and increment/decrement keys on the governor is
determined by the Auto/Manual selection of the governor. In
Auto mode and manual mode, the “Needle/Deflector Opening
Limit Set Point" display and Increment/ decrement keys
correspond to the both the Needle opening Limit Set points. In
Auto the deflector is automatically controlled according the
actual speed. In manual mode, when 'F2" page is displayed, the
display and Increment/decrement keys will correspond to
Deflector Opening Limit Set Point. It is therefore possible to
control Deflector independently through governor in manual
mode.

Functions of Special Purpose Keys on the Governor :

The Governor has several special purpose keys on the front face.
These keys and their functions are explained below.

Menu key is disabled in this Governor. This can be

enabled only by reprogramming the Governor with
MENU key enabled. If MENU key is enabled it functions
as explained below.

This key is used to enter the menu mode of the Governor.

When this key is pressed, and password is entered, the
governor switches to MENU mode and the corresponding
LED on the key lights up. Programmable parameter; and
the parameter numbers are displayed, which can be
1. Menu Key varied with the increment and decrement keys provided
below the display. The required parameter can be
selected by changing the parameter number using the
corresponding increment and decrement keys.

“ESC” key can be used to escape from this mode.

Password will have to be re-entered to enter MENU
mode, if it was exit using “ESC” key.

Pressing MENU key once again will toggle from MENU

mode to normal mode. Password need not be entered to
re-enter MENU mode if toggled by pressing the MENU
key.

DEL key can be used to reinitialise password, so that any

further entry to MENU mode will require re-entry of the
password.

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 This key or the START push button is used to start the
Governor. In auto mode, if all conditions for starting the
2. START machine are met, the Governor will start to rotate the
Key turbine and match the speed to the Grid frequency.

In Manual mode, Guide vane and Runner Blade Set

points be varied only after the Governor START key or
push button is pressed after all conditions for starting the
machine are met.

When pressed, the governor is put to auto mode. The

LED corresponding to this switch indicates this.
3. AUTO Governor also switches to auto mode when Auto
Key Synchronisation command is given to the Governor.

When pressed, the governor is put to manual mode

provided, "Auto Synchronisation command' to the
4. Manual governor is not active. The LED corresponding to this
Key switch indicates Manual mode of operation.

STOP key is disabled In this Governor. This can be

enabled only by reprogramming the Governor with STOP
5. STOP Key key enabled. If STOP Key is enabled it functions as
explained below.

This Key is used for Normal shut dawn.

6. TEST Key This key is not used at present.

7. ACK Key This key is not used at present.

General Purpose Keys on the Governor :

The Governor has a set of general-purpose keys, which are used

to perform various editing functions. These are number keys "0 to
9”, escape key “ESC”, Delete key “DEL”, Up arrow key “ ↑”,
Down arrow key “↓”, Enter Key “←”, Decimal key “.” etc.
Function of these Keys will be explained in the manual wherever
they are used.

Alarm Indicator on the Governor :

The following alarms are indicated on the governor using LED’s

This is a feedback signal indicating to the operator

that the Auto Sync "ON” switch is in “ON" position
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1. AUTO SYNC ON and that the governor is ready for Auto
Synchronisation.

This signal indicates that Auto Synchronisation is

in progress and there is a Phase Mismatch
2. PHASE between the GRID and the Generator PT signals.
MISMATCH

3. FREQUENCY This signal indicates that Auto Synchronisation is

MISMATCH in progress and there is a Frequency Mismatch
between the GRID and the Generator PT signals.

4. VOLTAGE This signal indicates that Auto Synchronisation is

MISMATCH in progress and there is a Voltage Mismatch
between the GRID and the Generator PT signals.

This Alarm indicates that the Speed Pulse Input

Signal to the Governor is faulty. This be caused due
to the following reasons.

5. SPEED PULSE a. Speed Pulse input signal is not present whereas

INPUT FAIL the generator frequency
Input is present.

b. Frequency derived from the Speed Pulse input

signal is significantly less than the Generator
frequency.

c. Excessive noise is present in the speed pulse

input signal making the frequency derived from
this signal erroneous.

d. Auto Sync Card Failure.

This Alarm indicates that the Generator frequency

Input is faulty. This can be caused due to the
following reasons.

6. GEN. FREQ. a. Generator PT Voltage is available but Generator

INPUT FAIL frequency is not being sensed or is significantly
lower than. the frequency derived from the speed
pulse input signal.

b. Circuit breaker closed feedback is present but

the generator frequency is not being sensed.

7. GRID FREQ. This alarm is indicated if the grid frequency is not

INPUT FAIL available or if the Grid frequency is less than 47 Hz
or greater than 53 Hz.

8. ACTUATOR NO This alarm is indicated when the control signal is

being given by the Governor to move the Runner
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 RESPONSE Blade or Guide Vane and the actuator is not
responding to the command. This could be due to
the OPU being switched OFF, Clogged Filter OPU
is being operated in Manual Mode through DC
valve.

9. GENERATOR This alarm is indicated when the Generator Load is

less than or equal to the base load (if Load
NO LOAD transducer is connected) or if the Needle Opening
is less than or equal to the base load opening (if no
load transducer is present). Base load is set to 250
KW and Base load opening is set to 10% in this
governor.

10. CORREELATION This alarm is not used In Pelton Turbines

ERROR

Control Modes and status Indications on the Governor :

The Governor operates in two control modes as given below.

Selection of the operating mode is done automatically by the
governor depending on the following three input parameters.

 Needle Opening Limit set point

 Speed set point

1. Needle Opening Limit Set Point : If the Needle Opening

limit set point is lower than the Needle Opening
requirement for attaining the speed set point, then the
governor operates in Needle Opening limit control mode. In
this mode, the Needle Opening limit determines the opening
of the Needles. This mode is indicated with the "S1 mode
status LED" on the Governor.

2. Speed Control Mode : If the Needle opening limit

requirement for attaining the Speed set point is lower than
the Needle Opening limit set point, then the governor
operates in Speed control mode. In this mode, the Needle
opening is controlled by the speed control loop. Speed of the
turbine is controlled as per the Speed set point. This mode is
indicated by “S2 mode status LED" on the Governor.

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 The two modes of operation are summarized below.

S. MODE MODE OF OPERATION

No. LED

1. S1 Guide Vane Opening Limit control mode.

2. S2 Speed Control mode.

Starting and Stopping the Governor in Auto Mode :

START key is used for starting the turbine. If the Machine Ready
to Start Input to the Governor is active and the Governor is in
Auto made and "Auto synchronizer ON" is selected on the unit
control panel, it performs the starting sequence, synchronization
and loading of the turbine to a preset value. However if "Auto
synchronizer ON' is not selected, the governor performs the
starting sequence and matches the frequency of the Generator to
that of the Grid and waits for manual synchronization. Auto
synchronization can still be done at this moment by selecting
“Auto Synchronizer ON” from the unit control panel. Auto/
Manual mode can also be selected with the AUTO and MANUAL
keys. Mode of the operation of the Governor (AUTO/MANUAL) is
indicated with an illuminated LED on the respective switches.

Governor can be stopped by pressing the Normal Shut Down

Push button or Emergency Push button. Both the two shut down
modes of the governor are explained in the following section
"Description of Push Button Inputs to the Governor”.

Emergency stop will be performed through Emergency Push

Button. This input is fed to the Governor through a digital input
channel for interlock purposes only. However an external Relay
Logic independent of the Governor shall perform Emergency
Shut down action

Starting and Stopping the Governor in Manual Mode:

After all the pre-conditions for starting the turbine has been met,
START key or START push button has to be pressed so that the
Governor will permit to vary its set points in Manual mode.

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The deflector can be opened to a comfortable value for rotating
the machine. This can be achieved by pressing F2 key to display
deflector opening limit set point and deflector actual position.
Then the deflector be opened to approximately 50% by using the
increment and decrement keys on the governor.

After opening the Deflector, Needle Opening Limit set point can
be slowly increased by using the increment/decrement keys from
page F1, so that the machine starts rolling and picks up speed.
The speed set point can be set to the desired speed so that the
unit can be synchronized. The speed set point will not be
automatically set depending on the Grid frequency in this mode of
operation. The unit can then be manually synchronized.

Auto to Manual or Manual to Auto switching can be done at any

time during the operation of the machine. However the Needle
and Deflector opening limit set points will change depending on
the mode of operation.

Stop and Emergency Stop inputs to the governor performs in the

same way irrespective of Auto or Manual operation of the
Governor.

In the manual mode, the speed of the machine is controlled by the

Needle Opening Limit set point as well as the speed set point as
mentioned below.

The Needle Opening Limit set point and Speed set point are both
active in the manual mode also. The difference from the auto
made before synchronization is that the Speed set point will not
follow the grid frequency and the Load Limit set point will not be
automatically incremented to attain the no load speed. Both the
Speed set point and the Load limit set point has to be adjusted by
the operator in manual mode. The actual guide vane opening is
limited by the Needle opening limit set point or the Needle
opening required for attaining the speed set point, whichever is
lower.

The speed set point will be automatically change d to 53Hz.

On synchronization, in Auto and Manual mode of operation. Load
can then varied by the load set point similar to the auto mode.

Description of Push Button Inputs to the Governor :

S. Push

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No Button Input Description
.
1. LOAD LIMIT RAISE This push button is used as LOAD LIMIT RAISE Push
PB Button.

2. LOAD LIMIT This push button is used as LOAD LOWER Push

LOWER PB Button.

3. SPEED RAISE PB This push button is used as SPEED RAISE Push

Button

4. SPEED LOWER PB This push button is used as SPEED LOWER Push

Button

When this push button is pressed, the Governor

slowly reduces the load and the trips the circuit
5. NORMAL breaker after the load reduces to less than base load.
SHUTDOWN PB The needle and deflector is then fully closed bringing
the machine to a complete halt.

It performs all the functions of the START key on the

Governor Front Facia.

This switch is used to start the machine provided all

6. TURBINE START PB the starting conditions are met.

If the Governor is in Auto mode and all the conditions

for starting the machine are met and also Emergency
Stop or Normal Stop are not active, then the machine
will start.

Turbine start PB can also be used to cancel the

Control action shut down, or Special shut down
commands.

This command is primarily used as an interlock for

reintialising the Governor when an emergency shut
7. EMEGENCY SHUT down occurs. However the Emergency shut down
DOWN PB circuits shut down the turbine independent of the
Governor. This signal also forces the Governor to
close the Needle and Deflector.

8. AUTO This switch is provided to authorize the Governor for

SYNCHRONISATIO Auto Synchronisation. If this switch is ON and all the
N ON SWITCH will attempt Auto-Synchronisation.

Description of Governor OK signal :

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The Governor OK signal indicates the health of the Governor. The
main Processor runs the built in test to check its RAM and Flash
memory and the processor. It also periodically triggers the built
in watchdog timer. If the processor and its memory are healthy
and the watchdog does not time out, the governor holds the
Governor OK signal in the digital I/O card to active state. If the
processor does not update the Governor OK signal within 2
seconds, the Digital I/O card will automatically withdraw the
Governor OK signal. The Governor OK signal will be withdrawn
also during programming of the Governor.

Functionl description of Governor :

A simplified block diagram of the governor is shown in figure

below. The innermost control loop of the Governor is the Needle
position control loop and Deflector Position control Loop. Speed
loop forms the outer loop of the Governor.

The speed control loop has a permanent speed droop that can be
set from 0-10% and a temporary droop compensates the speed
control loop against water hammer effect and machine inertia.
PID values, permanent droop and temporary droop parameters
can be set in the field through software. The State detection logic
detects the state of the Governor from the system dynamics
(Starting/Synchronised). It accordingly modifies the Speed PID
parameters for robust control under all circumstances.

Apart from these basic blocks the Governor has an auto loop to
perform automatic functions, Auto Synchroniser loop, Logic and
alarm processing, diagnostic loops, SCADA functions and user
interface programs.

Status indication LEDS indicate the current control mode of the

Governor namely Needle opening Limit control loop or Speed
control loop.

21
Tuning of the Governor to reduce hunting:

22
Tuning of the Governor parameters is not provided through the
governor keyboard and display interface. The tuning parameters
will not change for the same machine, as the inertia and other
plant parameters cannot change significantly enough to effect the
tuning. This will also prevent any unauthorised change in the
tuning parameters. Tuning of the unit needs careful matching of
the Needle Control loop Gain, Deflector control loop gain, Speed
Control loop gain, derivative time constants, Integral Time
Constant and temp droop settings.

Loop Gain increases the response of the system to any change is

the controlled variable. Temporary Droop is basically a Lead Lag
compensator that is used to compensate for the system inertia
including the water column and Turbine Generator set.
Increasing the Temporary droop gain reduces hunting of the
Turbine but makes it more sluggish.

CPU Card :

Figure 4, CPU Card Layout diagram

The CPU card is field programmable using high level ‘C’
language. The complete governor software and firmware can
be downloaded from a PC through the serial link. The same
serial link can also be used to interface the Governor to SCADA
system. The firmware of all the I/O processors can also be
downloaded through the serial link of the main CPU board. This

23
allows easy update of the firmware and software so that any
future requirements can be added to the system with ease.
Apart from the governor functions, the CPU is also capable of
performing logic functions, which are useful for automating the
control of turbine auxiliaries. The main CPU also performs
extensive self-diagnostic checks. In case of any failure in the
governor software or hardware, the "Governor OK" signal will
be withdrawn so that the turbine will be shut down
immediately with the help of an emergency trip relay.
Programmable data is stored in a non-volatile flash memory in
the main CPU card. The data is well protected against 'any
inadvertent write operations with the help of hardware security
features. The CPU with the help of extensive CRC checksums
also periodically monitors integrity of the configuration data.

Analog I/O/ Card :

Figure 5, Analog I/O card layout diagram

The Analog I/O card measures the feedback signals from the
held and drives the actuators to control the speed and other
parameters of the turbine as per the governor control scheme.
Analog inputs are measured as 4 to 20mA signals. Since
current signals are used for measurement, noise pickup will be
very less. This improves the controllability of the turbine.

24
Feedback signals generally used are Guide vane and Runner
Blade position feedback and Head Race and Tail Race water
levels. Any other signals like Active power; Reactive power,
Power-factor etc can also be feedback using appropriate
transducers with 4 to 20 mA outputs. Output signals are 10
mA. Output signals are generally used for actuating the servo
control valves of Guide vane and Runner Blades. Outputs can
also be used for driving inputs to other PLC systems and for
metering. Fuse protection (F1 to F4) is provided for all analog
input channels. Potentiometer P1 and P2 are used for Offset
and 'Gain control of analog input channels respectively.
Potentiometer P3 is used for Gain control of analog output
channels.
Detecting Fuse Blown Condition in Analog I/O card :
The fuse (F1-F4) provided on the Analog Input channels is
meant to protect the PCB in case of any inadvertent wrong
connection being made to the respective channel. This could
happen if +24 Volt field power supply is bypassed in any of the
field transducers and given directly to the Analog input
channel. This will cause excessive current to flow in the card.
In this condition, the fuse will blow and protect the governor
PCB. The fuse blown condition can be detected when the
governor does not read the corresponding channel (indicates
minimum value) even though the input is present. Fuse F1
corresponds to channel 1 and fuse F4 corresponds to channel 4
respectively.
Digital I/O card :

25
 Figure 6, Digital I/O Card layout diagram
The governor senses the discrete inputs from the field through
the digital I/O card. This includes push buttons from the panel,
Circuit breaker Open/Close status inputs, limit switch inputs,
and other user selections. All inputs are optically isolated from
the governor power supply and operate at 24 volts DC.
The Governor also actuates discrete outputs through this card.
This includes, indicators, alarms, circuit breakers, relays, and
inputs to other PLC systems. Digital outputs are electrically
isolated from the governor power supply using relays. Each
digital output channel of the 8-channel card is capable of
switching a current of 0.5 Ampere at a maximum voltage of 230
volts AC or 110 Volts DC.
Digital outputs are protected against overload with help of
fuses (1 Ampere). Fuse F1 is used for channels 1 & 2, F2 for
channels 3 & 4, F3 for channels 5 & 6 and F4 for channels 7 &
8 respectively.

Detecting Fuse Blown Condition in Digital I/O card :

The fuse(F1-F4) provided on the Digital Output channels is
meant to protect the PCB in case of any inadvertent wrong
connection being made to the respective channel. This could
happen if +24 Volt field power supply is given directly across
the Digital Output channel without any load. This will use
excessive current to flow in the card. In this condition, the fuse
will blow and protect the governor PCB. The fuse blown
condition be detected when any digital output does not get
activated even though the corresponding LED glows on the
governor front facia. Fuse F1 is used for channels 1 & 2, F2 for
channels 3 & 4, F3 for channels 5 & 6 and F4 for channels 7 &
8 respectively. Channels 9 to 16 are powered by the second
Digital I/O card.

Auto Synchroniser Card :

26
 Figure7, Auto Synchroniser Card layout diagram

The Auto Synchroniser card is used for measurement of the

following signals.
1. Speed Pulse signal from gear tooth. (750/1500 Hz nominal at
50 Hz.)
2. Generator frequency from generator PT (6 to100
3. Grid Frequency from grid PT (6 to 100Hz)
4. Generator Voltage from generator PT (O to 130 Volts RMS)
5. Grid Voltage from grid PT (0 to 130 Volts RMS)
6. Phase difference between generator and grid voltages with
0.01 Hz. Resolution.
In addition to these functions, the Auto synchroniser card
generates three test signals namely SP TST-1, SP TST-2 and SP
TST-3. These signals can be used to test the speed pulse,
generator frequency and grid frequency signals.
SP TST-1 is a 750/1500 Hz signal used to test the speed pulse
signal. When this signal is fed back to speed pulse input signal,
actual speed indication on the governor indicates 50.00Hz.

27
Similarly SP TST-2 and SP TST-3 are 5QHz signals, which in be
used to test generator and grid frequency input signals.

Procedure for Installation checks and calibration:

Inputs from push buttons on the unit control panel.
The following input checks can be performed to ascertain the
operation of the push buttons on the unit control panel.
1. Press one by one, the push buttons on the unit control panel,
which are inputs to the Governor. Observe the corresponding
digital input LEDs on in the Governor lighting up. if the LEDs
do not light up when the key is pressed, recheck the wiring of
the switch with respect to the wiring diagram.
Needle actuator testing:
1. Ensure that the intake gate/BFV for the unit is closed so that
the turbine will not rotate accidentally when the Needles are
opened. Also manually close the deflector fully as an additional
protection.
2. Check the power supply to the Governor and switch ON the
Governor.
3. Switch ON the Oil Pressure Unit (OPU) Pump and ensure
that pressure builds up to a safe value.
4. Ensure that the OPU is not in the emergency trip state by
doing the following, so that the Needle and Deflector can be
opened or closed by giving a manual close/open signal to the
Needle/deflector proportional valves through the proportional
valve amplifier.
a. Ensure that the Governor OK signal is connected to
emergency shutdown logic in the control panel, so that
Governor Malfunction does not exist. Then reset the Alarm
Annunciator in the unit control panel so that the Governor
Malfunction alarm disappears from the Annunciator window.
b. Switch ON all other turbine accessories like cooling water
pump, gear oil pump etc. so that all emergency trip signals are
withdrawn.

28
 c. Temporarily bypass the remaining emergency trip signals if
they can be safely
ignored while the turbine is stationary.
5. Actuator signals can now be forced from proportional valve
amplifier cards as given below.
a. Ensure that 24 volts power supply is made available to the
proportional amplifier card for its operation. This can be
confirmed by the indication on the front panel of the card.
b. Short the MANUAL OPEN signal to the SlG_POS input of the
card to open the Needle proportional valve.
c. Short the MANUAL CLOSE signal to the SIG_POS input of
the card to close the Needle proportional valve.
d. If the Needle does not move, analyse the hydraulic circuit
and ensure that the Needle moves when the actuator signal is
applied.
Needle Position Feedback :
After ensuring that the Needle actuator circuitry is functional,
Needle position feed back from Needle position transducer is
to be checked and calibrated. Follow the procedure given
below to achieve this.
a. Keep Needle fully closed by applying the Manual close signal
from proportional amplifier card as explained in para 18.2
point 5.
b. Observe the reading on the Governor for "Actual Load'
(Actual Needle opening). “Actual Load" should read close to
0.00. If the reading defers by more 2% than loosen the angle
transducer coupling and adjust the shaft rotation of the Angle
transducer so that the Actual Load reading is close to 0.00.
c. Using the Offset trim potentiometer in the transducer (refer
transducer manual), finer adjustments can be made, so that the
"Actual Load' can be adjusted to 0.00.
d. Now the Needle shall be opened fully by applying the
Manual open signal from proportional amplifier card as
explained in
29
para 18.2 point 5.
e. Adjust gain potentiometer so that "Actual Load" reads 100%.
f. If it is not possible to attain the full range (0 to 100%) using
the offset and gain potentiometers, further adjust the
transducer shaft as mentioned in point above and repeat the
steps to “b” to “e”.
19. Checking Needle position control loop :
1. Ensure that the Needle actuator output from the governor is
connected to the proportional card (SlG_POS and SlG_RET).
2. Ensure that the Needle Position Feed Back from the angle
transducer is connected to the Governor.
3. Power ON the Governor.
4. Press Manual Button from the Governor. (If already in
Manual mode, skip this step).
5. Increment Load Limit set point from the Governor Facia or
control desk.
6. Observe the 'Actual load' value (Actual Guide Vane opening)
on the governor. The Actual Needle opening should follow the
set point
7. Observe the Needle opening Servomotor for any hunting. It
the Needle Position control loop is hunting, reduce the gain of
the Needle position control loop till the hunting stops. (Please
note that the gain can be adjusted only if the MENU key is
enabled in the Governor), In this governor, MENU key is not
enabled and the gain in already tuned during commissioning.
This gain is not expected to change because the machine
characteristics will not change considerably during the life of
the machine.
8. Ensure that the Needle closes when the Emergency stop
push button is pressed. Press the emergency stop push button
on the unit control panel, when the Needle is fully open. The
Needle should close immediately.
20. Deflector actuator testing and position control loop:
Follow the same procedure as Needle control loop as given
above and check the Deflector control loop.

30
21. Initial spinning of machine:
The following procedure shall be followed for initial spinning of
the machine.
1. Emergency shutdown logic has to be checked. This ensures
that the turbine will trip when Emergency stop push button is
pressed from the unit control panel. This will protect the
turbine from over speeding in case of any failure.
2. Switch ON all the Governor accessories and make sure that
all warnings disappear from the alarm annunciator panel.
3. Ensure that Manual mode is selected on the Governor.
4. Press Start button from the Governor or the unit control
panel.
5. Increment the Load Limit set point to approximately 10% or
till the machine starts to rotate.
6. When the machine starts to rotate, decrease the load limit
set point to the no load value so that the machine does not over
speed.
7. By adjusting the Load Limit set point, rotate the machine to
approximately 40 Hz. Check speed of the machine using a
tachometer.
8. At this point correlate the speed indicated by the Governor
to the tachometer reading. For a rated generator speed of 750
RPM, 40 Hz. Frequency will be obtained at 600 RPM.
9. If there is any jump in the speed signal reading or the speed
signal does not indicate, check the wiring of the speed
transducer and the gap between the speed transducer and gear
tooth.
10. Then the full rated speed of 50 Hz can be obtained if
required.
11. All the turbine vibration checks, gearbox, and bearing heat
checks can be carried out at this moment.

31
12. The polarity and phase sequence of the generator PT signal
to the Governor and synchronization panel can also be
checked.
22. Governor operating procedure (Manual Mode) :
The Governor can be operated in the following manner to run
the Machine in the manual mode.

1. Power on the Governor.

2. Startup Governor Oil pressure unit (OPU).
3. Start up all Governor accessories like cooling water pump
and gear oil pump.
4. Ensure that intake gate is open.
5. Ensure emergency shutdown command to Governor is not
active.
6. In alarm annunciator panel reset all alarms and ensure that
all warnings are cleared.
7. Ensure manual mode of operation.
8. Press START button on Governor.
9. Increment load limit set point to around 10% slowly till the
machine starts rotating, and then decrement load limit set
point to a safe value around 7% to ensure that the turbine does
not over speed.
10. Check the actual speed on Governor.
11. Increase load limit set point so that speed of the turbine
generator set match the speed set point
12. Now speed set point can be raised to be slightly above Grid
Frequency.
13. AVR can be energized at this point
14. Manually raise the generator voltage from AVR panel to
match the grid voltage. Make Generator voltage slightly
greater than the Grid voltage.

32
15. The frequency and phase of Grid and Generator can be
matched by using the Load Limit increment and decrement
buttons.
16. Synchroscope in the synchronisation panel can be switched
ON for synchronisation.
17. When all the Generator Voltage, frequency, and phase are
matched, on the Synchroscope, synchronisation of the unit can
be done.

23. Governor operating procedure (Auto Mode) :

The Governor can run in Auto mode by selecting "Auto mode"
from the Governor or Unit Control Panel. Alternatively, when
Auto-Synchroniser is selected, the Governor automatically
switches to Auto mode.
The only difference between Auto and Manual mode of
operation is before synchronisation. In Auto mode, the
Governor senses the Grid frequency and sets the speed set
point to Grid frequency + 0.1Hz. However when Grid
frequency is less than 47 Hz, the speed set point will be limited
to 47.00 Hz, and if the grid frequency is greater than 51 .5 Hz,
the speed set point will be limited to 51.5 Hz.
1. Power on the Governor
2. Startup Governor Oil pressure unit (OPU)
3. Start-up all Governor accessories like cooling water pump
and gear oil pump.
4. Ensure that intake gate is open.
5. Ensure emergency shutdown command to Governor is not
active.
6. In alarm annunciator panel reset all alarms.
7. Ensure Auto made of operation.
8. Press START button on Governor. The governor will
automatically start the turbine, and maintain the turbine speed
at a slightly higher speed than the grid frequency.

33
9. AVR can be energized and Auto-Synchroniser can be
switched ON at this moment to enable Auto-Synchronisation.
10. Governor will match the voltage, phase and frequency of
the Grid and Generator.
11.When the Generator Voltage, frequency, and phase are
matched, the governor will automatically synchronize the unit.
24. Normal shut down of the Turbine :
Normal shut down is used to shut down the turbine normally.
Normal shut down can be initiated by pressing the "Normal
shut down” push button from the unit control panel. When
Normal shut down is initiated, the governor takes the following
actions.
1. Load limit set point is gradually reduced to the no-load
value, so that the generator is brought to no-load condition.
2. When the actual Needle opening reaches the no-load value,
the governor generates a two second pulse on the "Circuit
Breaker open command output", which intern trips the circuit
breaker.
3. The Needle and deflectors are then completely closed to
bring the machine to a complete halt.

25. Emergency shut down of the Turbine :

Emergency shutdown is used to shut down the turbine
abruptly in case of an emergency. Emergency shutdown can be
initiated by pressing the "Emergency shutdown" Knob from the
unit control panel. Emergency shutdown is normally done
independent of the governor with the help of a separate
solenoid valve. Relay protection logic in the unit control panel
withdraws the normally active signal to the emergency valve,
causing the guide vane to close abruptly. The throttle valve on
the governor OPU decides the closing rate of the guide vane, so
that pressure rise due to water hammer in the intake is within
limits. The governor also senses the emergency shutdown
condition through the "Emergency shutdown command Input"
for its internal operation.

34
26. Governor Trouble Shooting Guide :
S. Indication Check Replace /Action
No
.
1. Field Power +24V a. Input Power. If not available, check
Fuse in the Input supply
Indication LED not b. Check Fuse on to the Governor.
Governor
glowing on Power supply If blown, replace Fuse
Governor with 2.5mAmp glass fuse.
c. Check +24V
front panel. power on the If voltage not present,
rear connector replace Governor Power
of Governor. supply card.

2. System Power a. Input Power. If not available, check

indication Fuse in the Input supply
b. Check Fuse on to the Governor.
LED not glowing Governor
on the Governor Power supply If blown, replace Fuse
front panel with 2.5mAmp glass fuse.
c. Check +5V
power on the If voltage not present,
rear connector replace Governor Power
of Governor. supply

3. Needle a. Check if the Securely connect earth

Opening/Deflector Earth of the Point from the Governor
Opening Input Governor is Power Supply to the
Signal noisy. This securely Earth Grid.
will be indicated connects to the
on the guide vane Earth Grid.
and runner blade
display by the
fluctuation more
than 0.5%.

4. SELF TEST CODE ACTIVE signal CPU Card faulty. Change

BEING displayed on the CPU CPU Card.
on Governor. Card not
glowing and
STROBE signal
on other cards
stop flickering
or flickers
unevenly.

5. BLANK DISPLAY ACTIVE signal CPU Card faulty. Change

on Governor. on the CPU CPU Card
Card not
glowing and
STROBE signal
on CPU card
35
 not glowing.

S. Indication Check Replace /Action

No
.
6. All analog values a. STROBE signal Analog I/O card faulty.
frozen to on Analog I/O Replace Analog I/O card.
maximum or card not
minimum value. flickering.

b. STROBE signal Switch OFF and Switch

flickering ON the Governor and see
correctly on if it recovers. Else change
both Analog I/O Analog I/O card.
card.

7. Malfunction of any a. CHECK the If any STROBE signal

I/O STROBE signal fails, Replace the card.
of all the I/O
signals cards

8. Actuator no b. Check if the Securely connect earth

response on Earth of the Point from the Governor
Governor. Governor is Power Supply to the
securely Earth Grid.
connects to the
Earth Grid.

9. SPEED PULSE Check Speed pulse If frequency is less than

Input Fail input by pressing F3 the actual speed or if
Indication on front key while machine signal is noisy, adjust the
panel. rotates. speed probe.

If frequency is indicating
zero, replace the speed
sensor.

10.. Gen. Freq. input Check Generator PT If signal present at input

Fail signals. of Governor, change
AUTO Synchroniser Card.
Indication on the
front panel

11. Needle Opening Check Needle If current greater than

Indicating Position Feed Back 4mA and the Governor
negative value indicates negative value,
36
 though Needle is Input mA. check fuse F1 in analog
Open. I/O card 1 and change it.

12. Deflector Opening Check Deflector If current greater than

Indicating Position Feed Back 4mA and the Governor
negative value Input mA. indicates negative value,
even though check fuse F2 in analog
Deflector is open. I/O card 1 and change it.

13. If any Digital Check the Replace the fuse if blown

Output is corresponding Fuse off.
indicated on the on Digital I/O Card.
front panel of the
Governor but the Two channels are
corresponding provided with one
relay does not get common Fuse.
activated.
Fuse F1 corresponds
to channel 1 and
channel 2.

Fuse F2 corresponds
to channel 3 and
channel 4.

Fuse F3 corresponds
to channel 5 and
channel 6.

Fuse F4 corresponds
to channel 7 and
channel 8.

Channel 9 to 16 are
provided in Digital
I/O Card.

37
 INDEX OF DRAWING
SCHEMETICS

SYSTEM CONTROL PANEL 1 OF 50

INCOMING/OUTGOING PANEL DIMENSIONS 2 OF 50

GENERATOR – I CONTROL PANEL DIMENSIONS 3 OF 50
GENERATOR – II CONTROL PANEL DIMENSIONS 4 OF 50
PANEL LAYOUT ARRANGEMENT 5 OF 50
DC DISTRIBUTION BOARD DRAWING – I 6 OF 50
DC DISTRIBUTION BOARD DRAWING – II 7 OF 50
AC AUX. DISTRIBUTION DRAWING – I 8 OF 50
AC AUX. DISTRIBUTION DRAWING – II 9 OF 50
GEN.-I THREE LINE DIAGRAM CT & PT 10 OF 50
GEN.-II THREE LINE DIAGRAM CT & PT 11 OF 50
TRANSFORMER CT & PT CIRCUIT 12 OF 50
RELAY CONTACT DETAILS 13 OF 50
MASTER TRIP RELAY 86G2 14 OF 50
BREAKER CLOSING AND TRIPING CIRCUIT 15 OF 50
PLC INPUT SCHEME 16 OF 50
PLC ANALOG INPUT SCHEME 17 OF 50
PLC OUTPUT SCHEME DRAWING – I 18 OF 50
PLC OUTPUT SCHEME DRAWING – II 19 OF 50
SYNCHRONIZING SCHEME DRAWING – I 20 OF 50
38
SYNCHRONIZING SCHEME DRAWING – II 21 OF 50
DIGITAL POT FOR AVR 22 OF 50
AVR SCHEMATIC 23 OF 50
BFV OPENING SCHEME 24 OF 50
BFV CLOSING SCHEME 25 OF 50
ANNUNCIATOR SCHEMATIC 26 OF 50
TERMINAL BLOCK ARRANGEMENT PN I- TB I 27 OF 50
TERMINAL BLOCK ARRANGEMENT PN II- TB I 28 OF 50
TERMINAL BLOCK ARRANGEMENT PN III- TB I 29 OF 50
BILL OF MATERIAL PANEL – I 30 OF 50
BILL OF MATERIAL PANEL – II & III DRAWING - I 31 OF 50
BILL OF MATERIAL PANEL – II & III DRAWING - II 32 OF 50

WIRING DIAGRAMS

INCOMING / OUTGOING MAIN DRAWING 33 OF 50

INCOMING / OUTGOING METERING SCHEME 34 OF 50
GENERATOR – I PLC CONTROL SCHEME 35 OF 50
GENERATOR – I METERING SCHEME 36 0F 50
GENERATOR – I PROTECTION SCHEME 37 OF 50
GENERATOR – I INDICATOR & PUSH BUT. SCHEME 38 OF 50
GENERATOR – I ELC MODULE 39 OF 50
GENERATOR – I ELC THYRISTOR DRIVE 40 OF 50
GENERATOR – II METERING 41 OF 50
BALLAST TANK DIMENSIONS 42 OF 50
TERMINAL BLOCK INTERCON. DRAWING - I 43 OF 50
TERMINAL BLOCK INTERCON. DRAWING – II 44 OF 50
GENERATOR – II PLC CONTROL SCHEME 45 OF 50
GENERATOR – II PROTECTION SCHEME 46 OF 50
GENERATOR – II INDICATOR & PUSH BUT. SCHEME 47 OF 50
GENERATOR – II ELC MODULE 48 OF 50
GENERATOR – II ELC THYRISTOR DRIVE 49 OF 50
HMI FACIA 50 OF 50

39