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S.M.Mujumdar
E-mail : shrimujumdar@gmail.com
CAUTION
Basics
Series Capacitors
Question / Answer
All users,.. Shall take all possible measures to ensure that grid voltage
always remains within following operating range
Voltage kV (RMS)
Nominal Maximum Minimum
765 800 728
400 420 380
220 245 198
132 145 122
110 121 99
66 72 60
33 36 30
Source: CEA ( Grid Standards) Regulations 2010 clause 3(b)
June 18, 2018 SMM 4
Typical Daily Load Curve
18000
17000
16000
15000
14000
13000
12000
State Demand (MW)
11000
10000
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Hours
R L R L
C C C
P= VS VR Sin d
XL
France 1978
Belgium 1982
Sweden 1983
P= VS VR Sin d
XL
Q= VS VR Cos d VR 2
Pmax XL XL
Pmax
90 180 d
SVC BUS
STEP DOWN
TRANSFORMER P
TCR TSC
Control of TCR
1. Evaluate MVAr
required (Q)
2. Calculate
BTCR = Q/V2
Considering
Capacitors
3. Fire TCR at
required α
(Firing Angle)
C
V SVC
B
VREFV
QC=V2/XC QL=I2* XL
420 kV
+ 160 MVAr
SVC Installation
at Sylling,
(Near Oslo) in
Norway
TCR
COUPLING TRANSFORMER - 95 MVar
400/10.56 KV 173 MVA
400KV BUS
400/10.56KV , 173MVA
COUPLING TRANSFORMER
P= VS VR Sin d
XL-XC
Pmax
with S.C.
Pmax
without S.C.
90 180 d
HIGH
1
LOW
with S.C.
Voltage
(p.u.)
without S.C.
0
Power
Courtesy:
ELECTRA
Dec.2006 Power oscillations e.g. loss of generation in one system
June 18, 2018 SMM 37
TCSC- Damping of Oscillations
No additional ROW
Less Investment
Improved stability
Load sharing
500 kV TCSC
installation at
Imperatriz (Brazil)
161 MVAr SC
107 MVAr TCSC
B ->
C <-
A : Platform signal cables
B : Status signal cables from Breaker / Isolators
C : Control signal cables to Breaker / Isolator
Employing SSDC
Courtesy:
ELECTRA
Dec.2006
ANY QUERIES???
Voltage change due to Capacitor