Philippine Electrical Code Guide to Electrical Safety Standards

PROFESSIONAL REGULATION COMMISSION
BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Philippine Electrical Code –

Standard for Electrical Safety &
Fire Prevention !!!!!!
Jaime V. Mendoza, APEC & ACPE Registered Engr .

Member
Board of Electrical Engineering
2
BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-

Standard for Electrical Safety
& Fire Prevention.
3

& Fire Prevention.
4
Unused Openings

& Fire Prevention.
5
Existing provisions became

unsafe!!!
Plywood
Surface-mounted Luminaires
Violation of Section 4.10.13.4(b)

& Fire Prevention.
6

& Fire Prevention.
7

& Fire Prevention.
8
Existing provisions became

unsafe!!!
w/ Adaptor
Violation of Section 4.10.8.1

Why?
& Fire Prevention.
9
Lampholder

& Fire Prevention.
10
THE PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CODE
The PEC is a
safety standard.
Electrical designs
must comply with
the requirements
of PEC to ensure
safety.

& Fire Prevention.
11

KEY TO ELECTRICAL SAFETY AND FIRE
PREVENTION
PURPOSE OF PEC -1.0.1.1(a)

The primary objective of the code is to
establish basic materials quality and electrical
works standards for the safe use of electricity
for light, heat, power, communications,
signaling and for other purposes.
“ Practical safeguarding of persons and
property from hazards arising from the use of
electricity”
COMPLIANCE TO THE PEC WILL ENSURE SAFETY AND
PREVENT ELECTRICAL FIRES

& Fire Prevention.
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2009 Philippine Electrical Code

 It is NOT a textbook.
 It gives NO background, reasons, application or
illustration of rules and regulations set down in
the Code.
 The code is more of a catalogue of rules for an
electrical installation.
 The Code definition of term is NOT the same as
a definition for the same word in a standard
dictionary.

& Fire Prevention.
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Qualified Person

& Fire Prevention.
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CLASSIFICATION OF CODE RULES

1. Wiring Design Rules
2. Installation Rules
3. Manufacturing Rules

& Fire Prevention.
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Wiring design rules used to determine sizes and

rating of circuit conductors and devices.
Example:
1. Branch circuit conductors supplying a single motor
shall have an ampacity not less than 125% of the
full-load current. Section 4.30.2.2
2. The disconnecting means for motor circuits shall have
an ampere rating of at least 115% of the full-load
current rating of the motor. Section 4.30.10.10(a)

& Fire Prevention.
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Installation rules
Example:
1. A disconnecting means shall be located within sight
from the motor controller. Section 4.30.102
2. In class II Division I Locations, motors, generators,
and other rotating electric machinery shall be dust
ignition proof or totally enclosed pipe ventilated and
shall be approved for class II locations. Sections
5.02.8

& Fire Prevention.
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Manufacturing rules
Example:
Section 4.30.1.7
A motor shall be marked with the following information:
1) Manufacturer’s Name
2) Rated Volts and Full-load Amperes
3) Rated Frequency and Number of Phases, if
an alternating current motor, etc.
4) Rated full-load speed

& Fire Prevention.
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The Philippine Electrical Code
Various Categories of the Code Rules which apply in a Motor and the Circuits

& Fire Prevention.
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Fire – Definition
 Fire - is a chemical reaction known

as combustion.
 It is the rapid oxidation of
combustible material.
 It is accompanied by a release of
energy in the form of heat and light.

& Fire Prevention.
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Components that Create a Fire or

Explosion
In the Installation Rules , one element of the Triangle

of Fire is removed to make the installation safe.

& Fire Prevention.
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Four Classes of Fire

•wood
•cloth •energized
•paper electrical
•rubber equipment
A Ordinary
•many plastics C Electrical Equipment
•magnesium
• gasoline
• oil •sodium
• grease •potassium
• tar
• oil-based
paint
D •titanium
•zirconium
• lacquer •other
B Liquids • flammable D Combusutible Metals flammable
Grease
gases metals
& Fire Prevention.
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ELECTRICAL FIRES
 ELECTRICAL FIRE defined as a fire where
an electric current or electrical fault is
found to have been the source of ignition.
(arc, spark, heat generated by electrical equipment)

& Fire Prevention.
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Electric Shock
 Electric Shock
Severity
1. Path of Current
through Body
2. Length of Time
Current Flows
3. Amount of Current
through Body
 The physical stimulation or
trauma that occurs as a
result of electric current
passing through the body.
& Fire Prevention.
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Effects of AC Electric Shock
ELCB!!!
Level (in milliamperes) of current through the body

& Fire Prevention.
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Electric Shock
Human in parallel with equipment

Human completing the path grounding conductor during ground
for current the earth fault

& Fire Prevention.
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Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
A GFCI is designed to protect persons against electric shock.

It operates on the principles of monitoring the unbalanced current
Between the ungrounded and the grounded neutral conductor.

& Fire Prevention.
27
GFCI Protection for Personnel

PEC-2.10.1.8 (a)
a) Dwelling Units
1. Bathrooms
2. Garages
3. Outdoors
4. Crawl spaces at or
below grade level
5. Unfinished
basements
6. Kitchens for
countertop
appliances
7. Wet bar sinks

& Fire Prevention.
28
Potential Difference
Potential difference between a grounded

Water pipe and an ungrounded motor.
& Fire Prevention.
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Motor ground-fault. A hazard

now exists.

& Fire Prevention.
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The hazard results in an electric shock.

& Fire Prevention.
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Another shock hazard exists.

& Fire Prevention.
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Shock hazard eliminated by installing

a bonding jumper.
& Fire Prevention.
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Faults Calculation

& Fire Prevention.
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Faults Calculation

& Fire Prevention.
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Faults Calculation

& Fire Prevention.
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Faults Calculation

& Fire Prevention.
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Faults Calculation
 Three-phase Fault
 Line-to-Line Fault
 Single Line–to-Ground Fault
 Per-Unit Method
 Symmetrical Component
 Correct KAIC specification
 Utility Fault Duties
& Fire Prevention.
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 New Provision
 2.10.1.8(b)(2) –GFCI
Protection Other than
Dwelling (NEC 2008)
 Commercial and
institutional kitchens –
for the purposes of this
section, a kitchen is an
area with a sink and
permanent facilities for
food preparation and
cooking. (Culinary
Schools)

& Fire Prevention.
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 New Provision
 2.10.1.8(b)(4) –GFCI
Dwelling
 Outdoor in Public
Spaces – for the
purpose of this section
a public space is
defined as any space
that is for use by, or is
accessible to the
public.

& Fire Prevention.
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 New Provision
 2.10.1.8(c)Boat
Hoists
 GFCP for personnel
shall be provided for
outlets that supply
boat hoists installed in
dwelling unit locations

& Fire Prevention.
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 New Provision
 2.10.1.8(b)(5) –GFCI
Dwelling
 (5)Outdoor , where
installed to comply with
2.10.3.14 Heating, Air-
conditioning, and
Refrigeration Outlet

& Fire Prevention.
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 New Provision-Outdoor receptacle Outlets for One

Family Dwelling

& Fire Prevention.
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 New Provision
Row Housing with GFCI-protected receptacles located

at the front and the back of each one family dwelling,
as required by 210.52(E)
& Fire Prevention.
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 New products and equipment

 Resistant Receptacles in Dwellings Unit (NEC 2008-
406.11)
Why do you think it is a tamper-

resistant receptacle?
…..To increase safety for children.
…..maybe that your son, daughter, or

grandchildren that you will save…

& Fire Prevention.
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 New products and equipment

& Fire Prevention.
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 New products and equipment (NEC 2008)

& Fire Prevention.
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Accessible, Readily
Accessible, Readily

& Fire Prevention.
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Accessible, Readily

& Fire Prevention.
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Flexible Cords

& Fire Prevention.
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Flexible Cords

& Fire Prevention.
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Fixture Wires as Branch Circuit
Fixture wires must not be lowered than 18 AWG

& Fire Prevention.
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Clothes Closes Luminaires

& Fire Prevention.
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& Fire Prevention.
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& Fire Prevention.
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Luminaire as Raceway

& Fire Prevention.
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Decorative Lightings
Faulty or inadequate decorative lighting causes the majority of

Christmas tree fires. ( Do not used indoor Christmas lights for
outside or outdoor decorative lightings.)
& Fire Prevention.
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Not Located in Bathrooms
Overcurrent protection devices must not be located

in the bathrooms of dwelling units, or in guest rooms
or guest suites of hotels or motels.(2.40.2.5
& Fire Prevention.
58
Vertical Position
Enclosures for overcurrent devices must be mounted

In a vertical position, unless this isn’t practical. (2.40.3.3)
& Fire Prevention.
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& Fire Prevention.
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& Fire Prevention.
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In Sight From, Within Sight from
B – A motor controller disconnecting means must be located in

sight from the controller location as required by 430.102(A)

& Fire Prevention.
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Proper Wiring Starts with the Right

Color Used in Conductor Wiring
120/240 – 208Y/120 – 480Y/277-
V, Single V, Three- V, Three-
Phase Phase Phase
Phase A Black Black Brown
Phase B Red Red Orange
Phase C Blue Yellow
Neutral White White with Gray

Conductor red Stripe
Equipment Green Green Green
Grounding
Conductor
& Fire Prevention.
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Wiring Methods

& Fire Prevention.
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Wiring Methods

& Fire Prevention.
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Wiring Methods

& Fire Prevention.
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Improper Wiring
Terminal Box will be subjected to environmental contamination.

& Fire Prevention.
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1.10.1.9 Interrupting Rating

& Fire Prevention.
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& Fire Prevention.
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& Fire Prevention.
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1.10.1.11 Deteriorating Agents

& Fire Prevention.
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Electrical Room as Storage Room

& Fire Prevention.
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1.10.1.12 (a) Unused Raceway and

Cable Openings
Unused cable or raceway openings must be

closed with a fitting that provides equivalent
protection.

& Fire Prevention.
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Unused Openings

& Fire Prevention.
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1.10.1.12 (c) Integrity of Electrical

Equipment
Internal parts of electrical equipment must be covered

to avoid damage from paint or other substances.

& Fire Prevention.
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1.10.2.1 Spaces About

Electrical Equipment

& Fire Prevention.
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1.10.2.1 Spaces About Electrical

Equipment

& Fire Prevention.
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1.10.2.1(c) Entrance to and Egress

from Working Space

& Fire Prevention.
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from Working Space

& Fire Prevention.
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from Working Space

& Fire Prevention.
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from Working Space

& Fire Prevention.
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GFCI Protection for Personnel

PEC-2.10.1.8 (a)
a) Dwelling Units
1. Bathrooms
2. Garages
3. Outdoors
4. Crawl spaces at or
below grade level
5. Unfinished
basements
6. Kitchens for
countertop
appliances
7. Wet bar sinks

& Fire Prevention.
84

& Fire Prevention.
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& Fire Prevention.
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& Fire Prevention.
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& Fire Prevention.
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Receptacles
 General Receptacle Placement -210.52(A)

& Fire Prevention.
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Receptacles
 Maximum Distance to a Receptacle
210.52(A)(1)

& Fire Prevention.
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Receptacles
 Wall Spaces 600 mm (2 ft) in Width-
210.52(A)(2)(1)

& Fire Prevention.
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Receptacles
 Space Measured Around Corners
210.52(A)(1) & 210.52(A)(2)(1)

& Fire Prevention.
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Receptacles
 Fixed Panels
210.52(A)(2)(2) &
210.52(A)(1)

& Fire Prevention.
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Receptacles
 Receptacle placement in a kitchen

& Fire Prevention.
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Definitions
 Ground
 A conducting connection, whether intentional
or accidental, between an electric circuit or
equipment and the earth or to some
conducting body that serves in place of the
earth. (NEC-2005 & PEC 2009)
 The earth. (NEC 2008 & NEC 2011)

& Fire Prevention.
98
Ground, Grounded
Ground -earth

& Fire Prevention.
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Definitions
 Grounded - connected to earth or to some conducting
body that serves in place of the earth. (NEC 2005 & PEC
2009)
 Grounded -connected (connecting) to ground or to a
conductive body that extends the ground connection. (NEC
2008 & NEC 2011)
 Grounded Conductor – is a system or circuit conductor that
is intentionally grounded. ( NEC 2005, 2008, 2011)
 Grounding Conductor – is a conductor used to connect
equipment or the grounded circuit of a wiring system to a
grounding electrodes. (NEC 2005 & NEC 2008)
 Grounding Conductor –deleted the definition, as the term
no longer used in the NEC 2011. It was determined that
the term was too close in meaning to other grounding and
bonding conductors such as EGC. In addition, the term
was being used incorrectly in Chapter 8.
 t BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-
& Fire Prevention.
100
Definitions
 Grounded - connected to earth or to some conducting
body that serves in place of the earth. (NEC 2005 & PEC
2009)
 Grounded -connected (connecting) to ground or to a
conductive body that extends the ground connection. (NEC
2008 & NEC 2011)
 Grounded Conductor – is a system or circuit conductor that
is intentionally grounded. ( NEC 2005, 2008, 2011)
 Grounding Conductor – is a conductor used to connect
equipment or the grounded circuit of a wiring system to a
grounding electrodes. (NEC 2005 & NEC 2008)
 Grounding Conductor –deleted the definition, as the term
no longer used in the NEC 2011. It was determined that
the term was too close in meaning to other grounding and
bonding conductors such as EGC. In addition, the term
was being used incorrectly in Chapter 8.
 t BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-
& Fire Prevention.
101
Electric Shock
Human in parallel with equipment

Human completing the path grounding conductor during ground
for current the earth fault

& Fire Prevention.
102
Earth is Not an Effective Ground-

Fault Current Path

& Fire Prevention.
103
From: Handbook of Grounding and Bonding

of Low Voltage Services - MERLACO

& Fire Prevention.
104
Proper Wiring Method for

230 V Line to Ground System -

& Fire Prevention.
105
Why hazardous Condition?

& Fire Prevention.
106
Proper Wiring Method for

230 V Line to Line System -

& Fire Prevention.
107

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110
Ground Fault and Short-circuit

Ground Fault
 An intentionally, electrically conducting connection
between an ungrounded conductor of an electric
circuit and the normally non-current conductors,
metallic enclosures, metallic raceways, metallic
equipment, or earth.
Short-circuit
 A conducting connection, whether intentional or
accidental, between any of the conductors of an
electrical system whether it is from line-to-line or
from the line-to-grounded conductor.

& Fire Prevention.
111
Short-Circuit & Ground-Fault Conditions
Basic diagram of a short- Basic diagram of a ground-

circuit condition fault condition

& Fire Prevention.
112
Definitions
 Grounding Electrode - a device that
establishes an electrical connection to
the earth. (NEC 2005 & PEC 2009)
 Grounding Electrode - a conducting
object through which a direct connection
to earth is established. (NEC 2008 &
NEC 2011)

& Fire Prevention.
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Lightning Theory

& Fire Prevention.
114
2.50.2.5 (a)(2) Outdoor

Transformer
 Where the transformer
supplying the service is
located outside the
building, at least one
additional grounding
connection is required to
be made from the
grounded service
conductor to a grounding
electrode, either at the
transformer or elsewhere
outside the building.
WHY?

& Fire Prevention.
115
2.50.3 Grounding Electrodes

 A violation of Art.
2.50.3.11 which
prohibits using the
same grounding
electrode for a
lightning rod system
and a system supply.

& Fire Prevention.
116
2.50.5.17 Lightning Protection Systems
 Art. 250.5.17
Lightning Protection
System. The bonding
of a system grounding
electrode and a
lightning rod
grounding electrode.

& Fire Prevention.
117
When different grounding electrodes are used for a

building and are not bonded together, a voltage
hazard will exist.
& Fire Prevention.
118
Bonding between the lightning system ground terminals

and the electrical service grounding electrode system
& Fire Prevention.
119
Will the bird on the high-voltage

wire be shocked?

& Fire Prevention.
120
Will the bird on the high-voltage

wire be shocked?
 Electric current flow is proportional
to voltage difference according to
Ohm’s law, and both the bird’s feet
are at the same voltage.
I = (V1 – V2) / R
 Since current flow is necessary for
electric shock, the bird is quite safe
unless it simultaneously touches
another wire with a different voltage.
& Fire Prevention.
121
Want a scary Job?

 Maintenance on a high voltage
transmission lines is sometimes done
with voltage “live” by working from
a platform on a helicopter, sitting on
the metal platform!
 The helicopter make sure it doesn’t
touch neighboring wires which are of
different voltage.

& Fire Prevention.
122
The real cost of a serious

injury…
Is paid by families.
If you don’t owe it to

yourself, you owe it to
them to work safely.
& Fire Prevention.
123
Kaya natin
gawin…
Maging
SAFE sa
Lahat na
BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Gawaiin..
Philippine Electrical Code-
& Fire Prevention.
124
Jaime V. Mendoza, MTM

Sr. Member, Board of Electrical Engineering
Chairman, Distribution Management Committee
Celfone +632-917-8444-919
Email: jaimevmendoza@gmail.com

& Fire Prevention.

Philippine Electrical Code Guide to Electrical Safety Standards

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Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

PROFESSIONAL REGULATION COMMISSION

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Philippine Electrical Code –

Jaime V. Mendoza, APEC & ACPE Registered Engr .

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-

Existing provisions became

Violation of Section 4.10.13.4(b)

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-

Existing provisions became

Violation of Section 4.10.8.1

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-

THE PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CODE

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-

THE PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CODE

PURPOSE OF PEC -1.0.1.1(a)

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-

2009 Philippine Electrical Code

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-

THE PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CODE

CLASSIFICATION OF CODE RULES

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-

THE PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CODE

CLASSIFICATION OF CODE RULES

Wiring design rules used to determine sizes and

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-

THE PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CODE

CLASSIFICATION OF CODE RULES

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-

THE PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CODE

CLASSIFICATION OF CODE RULES

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-

The Philippine Electrical Code

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-

 Fire - is a chemical reaction known

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-

Components that Create a Fire or

In the Installation Rules , one element of the Triangle

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-

Four Classes of Fire

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-

Effects of AC Electric Shock

Level (in milliamperes) of current through the body

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-

Human in parallel with equipment

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-

Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter

A GFCI is designed to protect persons against electric shock.

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-

GFCI Protection for Personnel

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-

Potential difference between a grounded

Motor ground-fault. A hazard

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-

The hazard results in an electric shock.

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-

Another shock hazard exists.

BOARD OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Philippine Electrical Code-

Shock hazard eliminated by installing